Temperature effects on the electrical performance of large area multicrystalline silicon solar cells using the current shunt measuring technique

The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5ºC up to 50ºC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed

Organisational Transformation of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad

This study was to identify the organisational transformation of BIMB since its establishment in 1983. It also identified the elements that contribute positively or negatively towards this change and the intervention techniques being practiced. The sources of data were in-depth interviews with three BIMB management officers (human resource manager, marketing manager and retail banking manager) in the Head Office in Kuala Lumpur and a field survey covered 15 randomly selected branches in KL and Selangor State. A sample of 122 BIMB staff members filled in the questionnaire in this survey. BIMB documents were also employed as a secondary source. The in-depth interviews concerned about the organisational transformation of BIMB, external elements motivate to change, intervention techniques being practised and organisation resistance to change Staff questionnaire was close-ended aimed at identifying staff resistance to change BIMB documents were employed to support the interviews The data analysis included descriptive statistics in terms of mean and frequency counts, categoristation of interviews, and a content analysis of documents were used to answer the objectives The findings of this study revealed that BIMB has experienced different intervention techniques to cope with the changing environment in terms of liquidity, market competition, macroeconomics trends and crisis, technological innovation and globalisation and liberalisation As a result of its transformation, BIMB witnessed a great development and change, in terms of capital, size and functions. Also the results showed that BIMB capabilities in terms of capital and infrastructure support any change plans In contrast, the study showed that staff resist change because it threats their social environment, old routine and values

Indications for Cluster Melting from Forward-Backward Charge Fluctuations at RHIC Energies

We study forward-backward charge fluctuations to probe the correlations among produced particles in ultra relativistic heavy ion collisions. We develop a model that describes the forward-backward dynamical fluctuations and apply it to interpret the recent PHOBOS data. Within the present model, the dynamical fluctuations are related to the particle production mechanism via cluster decay and to long range correlations between the forward and backward rapidity hemispheres. We argue that with a tight centrality cut, PHOBOS may see a strong decrease of the dynamical fluctuations. Within the present model, this deterioration of the correlation among the produced hadrons can be interpreted as a sign for the production of a hot, dense and interacting medium.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Probing Quark Gluon Liquid Using Transverse Momentum Fluctuations

The onset of equilibration in nuclear collisions can lead to related trends in the centrality dependence of the average transverse momentum, pt fluctuations and net charge fluctuations. We extend the transport description of S. Gavin (Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 162301 (2004)) to include radial flow.Comment: Talk given at the 18th International Conference on Ultra Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2005), Budapest, Hungary, 4-9 Aug. 200

Clasificación del texto jurídico árabe (desde el punto de vista de la traducción jurídica)

Pretendemos aquí establecer una clasificación del texto jurídico árabe, conforme a la cultura árabe-islámica y aplicable a su sistema jurídico y judicial actual. Pretendemos también, con nuestra propuesta de clasificación, llamar la atención de los especialistas del derecho, traductores e investigadores sobre la necesidad e importancia de este tipo de estudios clasificatorios; sobre todo, para los traductores jurídicos de lengua árabe, que actualmente carecen de bases bibliográficas que puedan servirles en sus traducciones, así como para futuros estudiosos e investigadores del ámbito del derecho.This article presents a classification of Arabic legal texts based on the Arabic-Islamic culture that can be applied to present day judicial and legal systems. We also hope to convince scholars, specialists in law and translators, of the need to classify text types in this field. This classification is not only useful for scholars carrying out research in law, but it is also a useful tool for legal translators from Arabic, who now lack bibliographical resources

Study of Serum Leptin in Well-differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlation with Patient and Tumor Characteristics

Background There is a proven relationship between obesity and several cancers including breast, endometrium, colorectal, and esophagus. With the increasing incidence of both obesity and thyroid cancer, we designed the present study to investigate a causal relationship between leptin, which is one of the well known adipokines, and well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). Methods Serum leptin levels were measured in 30 patients with WDTC and compared to 30 healthy control subjects before and 1 month after surgery. Other parameters studied included age, sex, body mass index, menopausal status in women, lymph node status, tumor size, and disease multifocality. Results There were no differences between the two groups regarding age and sex. Preoperative leptin levels were higher in the WDTC patients when compared to the control patients [19.25 (1.50–109.60) vs 0.90 (0.50–11.80) ng/ml, p < 0.001, group 1 vs group 2, respectively]. A significant drop in leptin levels 1 month after surgery occurred in the WDTC group, falling from 19.25 (1.50–109.60) to 0.90 (0.60–8.90) ng/ml (p < 0.001). This did not occur in the control group (p = 0.274). Lymph node involvement, tumor size, and multifocality had no effect on leptin levels, although trends were observed (p = 0.48, 0.079, and 0.064), respectively. Conclusions Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in WDTC patients when compared to control group patients, with a significant drop after surgery. Leptin may play a role in diagnosis of WDTC; however, its prognostic value is still undetermined