Drug Abuse and Consequences by this Phenomenon into Albanian Adolescents in Tetovo

Given the facts that deviant behavior such as: delinquency, alcoholism, narcomany, violence, crimes among adolescent peoples are very spread in our country, it is more important to  know what are the social causes and consequences from abuse with narcotics substances at young peoples, especially in the town Tetovo and its surrounding. The social elements who describe the narcomany and abuse with drug types among adolescent peoples is to talk about personality of these children,  influences of their family, school and educations impact, the neighborhood etc. So in this work amy research is based in empirical facts and arguments that will arrive by survey and opinions from groups of students of high schools in Tetovo, focused in means of access for the kind of drugs who used their peers, locations that exploitation for  using drugs and consequences by abuses with drugs substances. Keywords: teenager, drug abuse, family, school, peers

Human Resources Management in Family Businesses – Case of North Macedonia

This paper analyses one of the most important aspects of any organization, and that is how to manage human resources in a specific type of business, i.e., family businesses in North Macedonia. The reason for focusing on this topic is twofold. First, family businesses make up the majority of businesses in North Macedonia, and secondly, the HRM in these businesses is very specific and complex. The research was done through the questionnaire (distributed electronically and physically) by surveying family businesses in North Macedonia, in total 150 questionnaires were distributed and 141 were received. The questionnaire included 15 questions which included some general information about the family business profile, to continue with the part that deals with aspects of human resource management. The results obtained from the research provide an overview of how important human resources are considered for family businesses in North Macedonia and how managing them adequately affects the performance of businesses and employees. Keywords— Human Resource Management, family businesses

The Effects of Computer Simulations and Real Experiments to Understand the Concepts of Acids and Bases

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computer simulations and real experiments on understanding the concepts of acids and bases. New teaching methods were focused on gaining conceptual knowledge. The investigation was performed on a sample consisted of two hundred and eleven students. The research was carried out with experimental groups and control group. In aim to measure the gained knowledge, a conceptual test of knowledge was performed, and the test results were statistically processed. The results indicated that the students in the experimental groups, showed significantly greater achievement in comparison with the students in the control group. This shows that the implementation of computer simulations and real experiments produced better results in understanding of this concepts and removing the misconceptions.Keywords: simulations and real experiments; acids and bases; new concepts and misconceptions

Socio-Economic Barriers, Cause for Expansion of Deviant Acts in Society - Case of Macedonia

Problems of the economic crisis in society, respectively unemployment and poverty are the global approach as recently forwarded by stern debates between states and different Organization which elude in explanation of causes and consequences by this crisis acts. The most trouble of this problem refers to consequences because dissension of this phenomenon brings up to the deprivation of social norms and values that involve antisocial actions respectively perform of deviation in society. Even, researchers of this phenomenon unanimously ascertain: the humanity is in crossroads of the most gravely economic and social crisis in modern history (Centre of research on Globalization, 01.06.2014). In contexts of this study is Macedonia, state defeated of Yugoslavia which about 24 years of transition passed in a lot of social and economic turmoil. However, last years when this state attempt in UE framing not only has not resolved the problem of the economic crisis but has opened many of an others problem about corruption, smuggling with drugs, illegal transport and the most of the problems of alcohol, drugs, theft, criminality which greatly are added.Keywords: Economics crisis, individuals, families, deviant acts, state institutions.

Determining infertility treatment costs and out of pocket payments imposed on couples

Background: Infertility and infertility treatment costs are considered as one of the main challenges that human society increasingly face with.Objective: To determine infertility treatment costs and out of pocket expenditures imposed on couples referred to infertility treatment center in Yazd, Iran.Design: A descriptive cross sectional studySubjects: A total of 216 couples were selected and contributed in the study through convenient sampling method.Setting: Telephone interviews with couples and medical documents review were also used to ensure the accuracy of collected information.Results: Lost opportunity, direct and indirect costs were 5.562.526, 37.812.354 and 11.125.395 rial respectively (1USD=33,000 rial). Among direct costs the most and the least expenditures belonged to surgery (24.042.137 rial) and clinical visits (174.053 rial). The greatest portion of indirect costs was related to accommodation expenses and the least was due to travel costs (4.898.099 and 2.738.491 rial). Findings confirmed a significant statistical relation between indirect costs and patients’ living place, also a significant relation between lost opportunity cost and patients’ occupation (P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to the high expenditures related to infertility treatment services also lack of insurance coverage, policy makers should pay a particular attention on meeting the reproductive health needs of a society

The prevalence of current water pipe use among Iranian male population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Waterpipe as a traditional method of tobacco consumption is a public health challenge. Considering the growing trend of waterpipe (hookah) use in Iran, this systematic review aimed to measure the pooled prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was conducted on the published cross-sectional studies during 2009-2019 aiming at estimating the prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men. Current use of waterpipe was defined as using waterpipe within the preceding 30 days. Random Effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence by STATA v.14. Results: Ten cross-sectional epidemiologic studies with a total sample size of of 6,263 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men was estimated at 25% (95% Confidence Interval: 30-20%).  Conclusions: There are a variety of definitions for current use of waterpipe across studies. The results of this study suggest a high prevalence of current use of waterpipe among Iranian men during 2009-2019. Increased use of waterpipe in communities should be considered as a public health concern and a matter of priority by health policymakers. Preventive programs should take into account the acceptability and appealing nature of waterpipe among Iranian population and consider them as important modifiable factors

Seasonal Variation on The Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosoma species from Rodents Trapped in Kilombero District, Tanzania

Background: Trypanosomiasis is a disease mainly encountered in tropical regions and is significant to both humans and animals. Rodents and their fleas have been found to play a major role in the transmission of trypanosomiasis to humans. Purpose:  This study aimed to examine the seasonal variation and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma species from rodents in Kilombero. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 387 rodents were captured, and anesthetized with Diethyl Ether to collect blood, spleen, and liver. Rodent tissues were tested with conventional PCR and sequencing to target the 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes. Results:  The most prevalent species was Mastomys natalensis 82.43% (319/387), followed by Rattus rattus 16.79% (65/387), Gramomys spp. 0.52% (2/387), and the least captured species Lemnscomys spp. 0.26% (1/387). Overall microscopic prevalence was 38.76% (n=150/387), and PCR indicated prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. to be 6.28% (n=10/159). Male rodents had a higher molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp., and a higher molecular prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. was observed in the dry season. Conclusion: Detection of T. lewisi from the rodents shows the public health significance in the study area. As a result, it is critical to use prevention and control measures in rodents to minimize potential human exposure within the area

Evaluating the Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailable Metallic Pollution of soils, Case study of Sistan farms,

ABSTRACT: Present study determines not only the total amounts of metals (Cr, Cu and Pb) in superficial agricultural soil of Sistan area in Eastern Iran, but also the chemical partitioning of these elements in seven statistically selected cases. The analysis was run for local soil, soil treated by non-contaminated organic, compost and chemical fertilizers as well as soil treated by metal-contaminated fertilizers. The sampling campaign was done in Zabol University research farm in 2009. The grab samples were taken from seven different cases, the chemical partitioning analysis was performed and metallic concentrations were detected using FAAS. It may be concluded that the bioaccessibility of metals Cu and Cr would be increased in case of imposed contamination where the soil is treated with all three kinds of fertilizers. Although a relatively similar distribution pattern is seen between anthropogenic and geopogenic portions of bulk concentration in all three kinds of fertilizers, chemical fertilizer seems to manifest a more risky condition. According to the results achieved by cluster analysis, a close correlation exists between Cu and Cr behavior which may be attributed to the geological texture of the study area. In accordance with the results gained by partitioning analysis, I POLL index values also show contaminated chemical fertilizer as the most risky case for all three metals in comparison with others

Repurposing anthelmintic agents to eradicate resistant leukemia

Despite rapid progress in genomic profiling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), identification of actionable targets and prediction of response to drugs remains challenging. To identify specific vulnerabilities in ALL, we performed a drug screen using primary human ALL samples cultured in a model of the bone marrow microenvironment combined with high content image analysis. Among the 2487 FDA-approved compounds tested, anthelmintic agents of the class of macrocyclic lactones exhibited potent anti-leukemia activity, similar to the already known anti-leukemia agents currently used in induction chemotherapy. Ex vivo validation in 55 primary ALL samples of both precursor B cell and T-ALL including refractory relapse cases confirmed strong anti-leukemia activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Anthelmintic agents increased intracellular chloride levels in primary leukemia cells, inducing mitochondrial outer membrane depolarization and cell death. Supporting the notion that simultaneously targeting cell death machineries at different angles may enhance the cell death response, combination of anthelmintic agents with the BCL-2 antagonist navitoclax or with the chemotherapeutic agent dexamethasone showed synergistic activity in primary ALL. These data reveal anti-leukemia activity of anthelmintic agents and support exploiting drug repurposing strategies to identify so far unrecognized anti-cancer agents with potential to eradicate even refractory leukemia