General principles for the non-equilibrium relaxation of populations in quantum materials

We examine the problem of how excited populations of electrons relax after they have been excited by a pump. We include three of the most important relaxation processes: (i) impurity scattering; (ii) Coulomb scattering; and (iii) electron-phonon scattering. The relaxation of an excited population of electrons is one of the most fundamental processes measured in pump/probe experiments, but its interpretation remains under debate. We show how several common assumptions about non-equilibrium relaxation that are pervasive in the field may not hold under quite general conditions. The analysis shows that non-equilibrium relaxation is more complex than previously thought, but it yields to recently developed theoretical methods in non-equilibrium theory. In this work, we show how one can use many-body theory to properly interpret and analyze these complex systems. We focus much of the discussion on implications of these results for experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

Formation of dark excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides by a vortex beam: optical selection rules

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides host tightly-bound excitons, which dominate their optoelectronic response even at room temperatures. Light beams are often used to study these materials with the polarization - often termed as the spin angular momentum of the light - providing the mechanism for exciting excitonic states. Light beams, however, can also carry an orbital angular momentum by creating helical structures of their phase front. In this work, we consider a Laguerre-Gaussian beam possessing an orbital angular momentum in addition to the spin angular momentum to create excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. We derive optical selection rules that govern the allowed transitions to various exciton series using symmetry arguments. Our symmetry considerations show that we can create dark excitons using these high-order optical beams opening up new avenues for creating long-lived dark excitons with the potential of exploiting them in quantum information processing and storage

Features of the Values of Foreign Students from Kyrgyzstan in UrFU

В статье рассмотрены особенности ценностных ориентиров студентов из Киргизии, обучающихся в УрФУ, полученные в ходе исследований. Сделан анализ ценностей и выявлены тенденции, изменения в поведенческой среде студентов. Описаны причинно-следственные связи ценностных основ и ситуации в современном мире.This article discusses the features of the value orientations of students from Kyrgyzstan studying in UrFU, obtained in research. We did an analysis of values and identified trends, changes in the students’ behavioral environment. We described the cause-effect relationships of value foundations and the situation in the modern world

Investigation of the use of new solar air heaters for drying agricultural products

This article discusses the study of energy-saving technologies that have become a topical issue today. Types of solar heating collectors, the principles of operation, and their constructive structure were studied. A new technology developed based on the analyses proposed to dry the agricultural products. Also, in the current presentation, the technologies used in the context of the technologies and the reduction issues and technologies have been considered. Experimental experiments are also provided based on the proposed technology in seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In the study case, the operation principle of the operation of a flat surface air heater is studied. The article provides the basics of twice the shortening of air canals to a common full-length sunny air heater. The study learned the issues of reducing the local resistance ratio of the device concerning a common full-wide air heater. Raise the temperature of the sun's agents discussed in the article; reduction issues are analyzed

Electronic Educational Resource as a Source and Means of Developing Digital Education

The article examines digitalization as one of the main and noticeable phenomena of society and its impact on the content, form, and means of education. It is concluded that educational information and knowledge receive digital expression in an electronic educational resource (EER), which is at the same time a form, a means, and the content of education. Such a sequence of states, expressions and presentations of educational information in the electronic digital sphere requires a certain analysis and comprehension in terms of its significance, qualitative and quantitative impact on education and learning outcomes, personal development and self-development. The basic information of the EER is a reflection of the goals of education and specific subject-based educational training in accordance with its purpose and constitutes their content (education and subject-based training). Moreover, the purpose of educational information and electronic educational resources is the formation and development of relevant subject, interdisciplinary and general educational competencies, which is a condition for the creation and subsequent functioning of electronic educational resources as a standard educational tool that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES). It is concluded that e-learning is based on the digital representation of information and information technology. Digital methods of presenting and displaying information have sufficient capabilities for this. However, a certain differentiation is necessary here, taking into account the specific audience, that is, educational information must meet the relevant requirements: be accurate and reliable; accessible to students, taking into account their age categories and psychological characteristics; be colorfully designed with color highlighting texts of varying importance and a structured display of the source of its perception; have the ability to display graphically; have sound and/or musical accompaniment; have hyper-navigation tools and interactive menus. It is concluded that e-learning is based on the digital representation of information and information technology. Digital methods of presenting and displaying information have sufficient capabilities for this. However, a certain differentiation is necessary here, taking into account the specific audience, that is, educational information must meet the relevant requirements: be accurate and reliable; accessible to students, taking into account their age categories and psychological characteristics; be colorfully designed with color highlighting texts of varying importance and a structured display of the source of its perception; have the ability to display graphically; have sound and/or musical accompaniment; have hyper-navigation tools and interactive menus. It is noted that e-learning requires the creation and use of an electronic educational resource in educational and cognitive activities through interaction with the information and educational environment. In modern teaching, the “monologue” of the teacher (teacher) with students is becoming less effective. The subject of education must learn to carry out his educational and cognitive activities in the appropriate IEE and there cannot and should not be antagonistic contradictions in his relationship with the environment