Data Driven Prognosis: A multi-physics approach verified via balloon burst experiment

A multi-physics formulation for Data Driven Prognosis (DDP) is developed. Unlike traditional predictive strategies that require controlled off-line measurements or training for determination of constitutive parameters to derive the transitional statistics, the proposed DDP algorithm relies solely on in situ measurements. It utilizes a deterministic mechanics framework, but the stochastic nature of the solution arises naturally from the underlying assumptions regarding the order of the conservation potential as well as the number of dimensions involved. The proposed DDP scheme is capable of predicting onset of instabilities. Since the need for off-line testing (or training) is obviated, it can be easily implemented for systems where such a priori testing is difficult or even impossible to conduct. The prognosis capability is demonstrated here via a balloon burst experiment where the instability is predicted utilizing only on-line visual observations. The DDP scheme never failed to predict the incipient failure, and no false positives were issued. The DDP algorithm is applicable to others types of datasets. Time horizons of DDP predictions can be adjusted by using memory over different time windows. Thus, a big dataset can be parsed in time to make a range of predictions over varying time horizons

Peak Trekking of Hierarchy Mountain for the Detection of Cerebral Aneurysm using Modified Hough Circle Transform

The Circle of Willis is in the junction of two carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries that supply the brain with nutrition. Junctions where these arteries come together may develop weak spots that can balloon out and fill with blood, creating aneurysms. These sac-like areas may leak or rupture, spilling blood into surrounding tissues which may cause artery spasm leading to potential stroke or even death. Clipping and coiling are two treatment options preferred by neurosurgeon which require proper detection of aneurysm. Medical practitioners are therefore emphasizing on the prior detection of cerebral aneurysm (CA) before rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This paper presents a novel method by application of Modified Hough Circle Transform & Peak Trekking (MHCT-PT) technique on the image extracted from Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Experimental results have firmly substantiated that the proposed method is highly efficient in properly detecting the location, size and type of aneurysm

Peak Trekking of Hierarchy Mountain for the Detection of Cerebral Aneurysm using Modified Hough Circle Transform

The Circle of Willis is in the junction of two carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries that supply the brain with nutrition. Junctions where these arteries come together may develop weak spots that can balloon out and fill with blood, creating aneurysms. These sac-like areas may leak or rupture, spilling blood into surrounding tissues which may cause artery spasm leading to potential stroke or even death. Clipping and coiling are two treatment options preferred by neurosurgeon which require proper detection of aneurysm. Medical practitioners are therefore emphasizing on the prior detection of cerebral aneurysm (CA) before rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This paper presents a novel method by application of Modified Hough Circle Transform & Peak Trekking (MHCT-PT) technique on the image extracted from Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Experimental results have firmly substantiated that the proposed method is highly efficient in properly detecting the location, size and type of aneurysm

Load Assisted Dissolution AND Damage of Copper Surface under Single Asperity Contact: Influence of Contact Loads and Surface Environment

Copper has become a widely used material in advanced submicron multilevel technologies due to its low resistivity and high electromigration resistance. Copper based devices are manufactured using additive patterning and subsequently undergo chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) to ensure good interconnection. During CMP, material is removed through synergistic combination of chemical reactions and mechanical stimulations. Empirical models such as Preston’s equation are used to explain the material removal rate during CMP but a mechanism based understanding of the synergistic interactions between chemical environment and mechanical loading is still lacking

Role of Forming In Micro‐ And Nano‐Scale Material Removal Mechanisms During Surface Machining of Ductile Materials

The material detachment mechanisms of ductile metal surfaces are studied experimentally during dry grinding operation in a simulated experiment with near single grit contact with the surface. The spectra of the cutting and thrust forces are recorded and analyzed. It is found that the thrust force changes its direction from a compressive to a tensile mode. The ratio between the thrust and cutting force is consistently found to be greater than 1. In the grinding process, the chip is found to be much shorter and thicker than those predicted by traditional continuum cutting theories. From the analysis of chip dimensions and cutting forces, we speculate that the cutting process during a grinding operation comprises of three phases as follows: (i) lifting up of the surface ahead of the abrasive particle, (ii) segmentation through shear instability, and finally (iii) chip tearing from the surface. Accordingly, the heating cycle is much longer with a lower mean temperature, compared to those of macro machining. In addition, the proposed deformation field leads to loss of constraints ahead of the cutting grits, and possibly reducing the thrust to cutting force ratio. This suggests that forming took place prior to material detachment in grinding

On removing the Condorcet influence from pairwise elections data

Recent developments in voting theory show that Condorcet profiles embedded in electorates are responsible for conflicts between pairwise voting methods and for reversals of rankings under positional methods whenever candidates are dropped or added. Because of the strong symmetry of the rankings of the candidates within these profiles, it can be argued that Condorcet profiles represent complete ties between the candidates so far as election outcomes are concerned. Hence removing their influence from pairwise tallies should not matter and moreover is justified because of the distortions they induce. The paper discusses a method of removing or reducing the influence of Condorcet profiles from pairwise elections data

Apparatus and method for determining the dynamic indentation hardness of materials

An apparatus and method for determining dynamic indentation hardness values of a material using a propagating stress wave to make an indentation in the material. The invention provides such values without any prior knowledge of the material properties and enables the dynamic indentation hardness values to be directly compared to static indentation hardness values for the material.https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/patents/1060/thumbnail.jp

Role of triple phase computed tomography findings for evaluation of hepatic lesions

Background: Liver is prone to various diseases including benign and malignant because of its major function of digestion, detoxification and rich blood supply by hepatic artery and portal vein. Objectives of the study were to study the characteristic features of various hepatic lesions using triple phase CT as diagnostic modality, differentiating benign hepatic lesions from malignant and correlating findings of triple phase CT with clinical, histopathology or post-operative findings for calculation of its efficacy.Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study done in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. All patients underwent triple phase CECT examination and its accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was calculated.Results: Triple phase CT  be excellent diagnostic modality for characterisation and better evaluation of hepatic masses with sensitivity of 91.3% , specificity 97.8% , PPV 91.3% and NPV 97.8% (p value<0.001 , kappa value 0.847). Malignant hepatic lesions can be diagnosed by triphasic CT with accuracy of 93 %, sensitivity and specificity of 93.3% and 92.5% respectively and with PPV and NPV of 94.9% and 90.2% respectivelyConclusions: Triple phase CT with high accuracy is helpful in confident diagnosis of a hepatic lesion. It has an indispensible role in characterizing, evaluating and differentiating benign and malignant hepatic lesions which helps in guiding appropriate management plan with proper surgical triage. It is also helpful in reaching primary malignancy diagnosis in cases of multiple liver metastases from unknown primary.