The stamina of non-gasketed, flanged pipe connections

Stress variations showing flange yielding, flange rotation, effects of joint tightening sequence, identification of the mode of response to loading (static or dynamic) is discussed. In addition the effects of re-tightening, importance of high quality bolting with proper surface treatment and use of proper tooling are also discussed

Determination of load capacity of a nongasketed flange joint under combined internal pressure, axial and bending loading for safe strength and sealing

Performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly due to its ‘strength’ and ‘sealing capability’. A number of analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics only under internal pressure loading. A very limited work is found in literature under combined internal pressure and bending loading. Due to the ignorance of external loads i.e. bending and axial in addition to the internal pressure loading, an optimized performance of the bolted flange joint can not be achieved. The present design codes do not address the effects of combined loading on the structural integrity and sealing ability. To investigate joint strength and sealing capability under combined loading, an extensive comparative experimental and numerical study of a non-gasketed flange joint with two different taper angles on the flange surface and with different load combinations is carried out and overall joint performance and behavior is discussed. Actual joint load capacity is determined under both the design and proof test pressures with maximum additional external loading (axial and bending) that can be applied for safe joint performance

A parametric study of metal-to-metal contact flanges with optimised geometry for safe stress and no-leak conditions

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of the behaviour of metal-to-metal contact flanges that have different surface profiles. Using a finite element analysis approach, the important stress values in the flange and bolts and flange rotation/displacement have been obtained for variations in flange thickness, bolt pre-stress and taper angle (different surface profiles) whilst maintaining other leading flange dimensions (hub length and hub thickness) constant, when the vessel/flange component is subjected to internal pressure. In addition, results are compared for the flange geometry with no taper angle on the flange surface with the predictions obtained from the appropriate sections of the ASME, PD5500 and new European unfired pressure vessel standard EN 13445 Part 3. Based on the results of this study, the best flange dimensions are recommended for 'no leak' conditions from the joint

To Duckweeds (\u3cem\u3eLandoltia punctata\u3c/em\u3e), Nanoparticulate Copper Oxide is More Inhibitory than the Soluble Copper in the Bulk Solution

CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NP) were synthesized in a hydrogen diffusion flame. Particle size and morphology were characterized using scanning mobility particle sizing, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The solubility of CuO-NP varied with both pH and presence of other ions. CuO-NP and comparable doses of soluble Cu were applied to duckweeds, Landoltia punctata. Growth was inhibited 50% by either 0.6 mg L−1 soluble copper or by 1.0 mg L−1 CuO-NP that released only 0.16 mg L−1 soluble Cu into growth medium. A significant decrease of chlorophyll was observed in plants stressed by 1.0 mg L−1 CuO-NP, but not in the comparable 0.2 mg L−1 soluble Cu treatment. The Cu content of fronds exposed to CuO-NP is four times higher than in fronds exposed to an equivalent dose of soluble copper, and this is enough to explain the inhibitory effects on growth and chlorophyll content

Green construction in India: gaining a deeper understanding

A workshop on green construction was organized in New Delhi in July 2008 by Jamia Millia University, India and University of Salford, U.K., aiming to increase 'green' practices that are environmentally friendly and energy efficient. The workshop included participants from regulatory bodies, public and private construction companies and researchers. The object of the workshop was to provide an opportunity to capture issues, challenges and research issues in green practices throughout the supply chain in the construction sector in India. The methodology constituted a survey that was provided to all participants, where eight questions were composed by the facilitators. The participants were asked about their views on voluntary and compulsory ways of assessment and audit of green implementation in India. The findings of the workshop featured major challenges, drivers, initiatives, and the ways of effective implementation as well as enforcement on the discussed topic

Analisis Kualitas Serbuk Sabut Kelapa sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Papan Partikel

Kelapa sebagai tanaman yang hidup di daerah tropis, tidak hanya buahnya saja yang dapat dimanfaatkan, tetapi juga sabut, tempurung, lidi, daun, dan batangnya pun dapat dimanfaatkan. Saat ini, pemanfaatan serbuk dari sabut kelapa belum maksimal dimana hanya dibuat sebagai media tanam atau bahkan dibuang begitu saja. Salah satu pemanfaataan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu serbuk kelapa dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan papan partikel. Serbuk dari sabut kelapa dapat menjadi bahan baku alternatif untuk pembuatan papan partikel dengan kerapatan sedang atau di atas 0,6 g/cm3 dengan menggunakan perekat urea formaldehida sebanyak 15% dari berat partikel dan hardener 1% dari perekat. Pada penelitian ini, kerapatan yang dibuat 0,4 g/cm3; 0,5 g/cm3; 0,6 g/cm3; 0,8 g/cm3; dan 1 g/cm3 yang sesuai dengan standart industri. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air serbuk kelapa lebih rendah dari standar industri. Selain itu, pada pengujian mekanik, kerapatan rendah 0,4 g/cm3dan 0,5 g/cm3tidak memenuhi standar industri, sedangkan kerapatan 0,6 g/cm3, 0,8 g/cm3, dan 1 g/cm3memenuhi standar industri

Potensi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Infusum Daun Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Terhadap Kelulushidupan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) Pada Transportasi Ikan Hidup Sistem Kering [ the Secondary Metabolites Potential of Infusum Durian's (Durio Zibethinus) Leaves Effect to Survival Rate of Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) on the Livefish Dry Transport System]

Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the leading commodity and each year will always be increased in both local and export markets. It's in line and will continue to grow due to the tendency of shifting market demand for commodities is of the dead form of fish (frozen) or other processed into a form of life, especially for the needs of breeders on commodity stocks. One of the latest post-harvest technologies that can be applied in the handling of live fish is a fish transport system in the dry media without use of water as a medium of transport with the use of anesthesia using plants that naturally contain active compounds that have the potential as a anesthesia drugs. This study aimed to determine the length of time different fish living on the transportation system with particular concentration infusum dried leaves of durian (Durio zibethinus) effect on the survival rate of nila (O. niloticus). Methods of this study is an experiment with three replications with different concentration intervals. It consisted of a preliminary study to determine the potential infusum durian leaves as anesthesia and primary research material as a form of media applications on the system dry. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University. The results showed that the effective concentration of durian leaves infusum used to transport test was 4100 ppm with an average induction time is 40 minutes and recovery time is 48 minutes. Durian leaves infusum use in nila with 4100 ppm concentration able to achieve the level of survival and long transportation times in a row 100%, 0 h, 88.89%; 2 h, 22.22%; 4 h, 0%; 6 h, and 0%, 8 h on media packaging live fish without water

MAC Spoofing Detection Via Wireshark

When computers are, connect on any network a network card is used, known as NIC card which is having a MAC address. This address is use to distinguish one system from another we may say that it is the physical address given by the manufacturer to provide a unique identity to equipment. We have studied that MAC address is permanent and cannot be changed but there are different ways in which MAC address of equipments could be changed whether it is a pc/laptop or mobile. We could use wire shark to know the changed MAC address of any system for which the packet is been send or received. The change in MAC is called MAC spoofing, which is having advantages as well as disadvantages