Thermal and photochemical decomposition of a styrene-oxygen copolymer

En este trabajo se estudia la ruptura térmica y fotoquímica de un poli-peróxido de estireno de peso molecular 2100. A partir de medidas de la velocidad de polimerización del estireno fotosensitizado por el poli-peróxido se puede concluir que la recombinación primaria es de 0.66. Los parámetros de Arrhenius obtenidos para la ruptura térmica son considerablemente menores que los obtenidos para la ruptura del ditert-butil peróxido

La fístula palatina, una complicación de difícil manejo en el paciente fisurado pediátrico: Propuesta de reparación multicapa con membrana interposicional de colágeno

La incidencia de fístula postoperatoria después de la reparación primaria del paladar fisurado oscila entre 0% y 58%. Este problema representa un fracaso en la técnica quirúrgica, y la tasa de recurrencia se encuentra en torno al 33%- 37% de los casos. El pronóstico de un cierre exitoso disminuye con cada reoperación, lo que hace que la reparación de fístulas secundarias y terciarias suponga un verdadero desafío. El cierre de estas fístulas se puede lograr mediante diferentes técnicas dependiendo de su tamaño y la experiencia del especialista. Habitualmente se emplean colgajos locales, regionales o injertos de mucosa, grasa, cartílago o músculo. Alternativamente, o además de los anteriores, los materiales sintéticos como la matriz dérmica acelular, el ácido poli-D y L-láctico y las membranas de colágeno se están volviendo muy populares hoy en día. Existe una escasez de artículos que expliquen en detalle un método simple y efectivo en pacientes pediátricos. Presentamos una técnica para el cierre de fístulas oronasales siguiendo dos principios quirúrgicos principales; el empleo de tejidos bien vascularizados y un cierre multicapa, evitando suturas superpuestas. El procedimiento propuesto por nuestro equipo de cirugía pediátrica consiste en una reparación de tres capas, con una membrana de colágeno colocada sobre la mucosa nasal reconstruida y un colgajo rotacional de mucosa palatina reforzado con un agente sellador hemostático de fibrina. Este método es simple, fácil de reproducir, efectivo y tiene una baja tasa de complicaciones.The incidence of postoperative fistula following primary cleft palate repair ranges from 0% to 58%. This problem represents a failure of the surgical technique and the reported recurrence rate is between 33% to 37%. The prognosis of a successful closure declines with each reoperation, which makes secondary and tertiary fistula repair really challenging. Closure of palatal fistulas can be achieved by different techniques depending on its size and the experience of the surgeon. Local, regional and distant flaps of mucosa, fat, cartilage or muscle are commonly used. Alternatively, or in addition to the previous ones, synthetic materials such as acellular dermal matrix, Poly-D and L-Lactic Acid, and collagen membranes are becoming very popular nowadays. A scarcity of articles explains in detail a simple and effective method in pediatric patients. We present a technique for the closure of oronasal fistulas following two main surgical principles; to employ well-vascularized tissues, and a multilayer closure, avoiding overlapping sutures. The procedure proposed by our pediatric surgery team consists of a three- layered repair, with a collagen membrane placed over the reconstructed nasal mucosa, and a rotational palatal mucosa flap reinforced with a fibrine sealant. This method is simple, easy to reproduce, effective and has a low rate of complications.Concurso de Premios en Investigación Biomédica. Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Valladolid, Curso 201

Towards Certified Model Checking for PLTL using One-pass Tableaux

The standard model checking setup analyses whether the given system specification satisfies a dedicated temporal property of the system, providing a positive answer here or a counter-example. At the same time, it is often useful to have an explicit proof that certifies the satisfiability. This is exactly what the {\it certified model checking (CMC)} has been introduced for. The paper argues that one-pass (context-based) tableau for PLTL can be efficiently used in the CMC setting, emphasising the following two advantages of this technique. First, the use of the context in which the eventualities occur, forces them to fulfil as soon as possible. Second, a dual to the tableau sequent calculus can be used to formalise the certificates. The combination of the one-pass tableau and the dual sequent calculus enables us to provide not only counter-examples for unsatisfied properties, but also proofs for satisfied properties that can be checked in a proof assistant. In addition, the construction of the tableau is enriched by an embedded solver, to which we dedicate those (propositional) computational tasks that are costly for the tableaux rules applied solely. The combination of the above techniques is particularly helpful to reason about large (system) specifications

Magnetic behaviour of multisegmented FeCoCu/Cu electrodeposited nanowires

Understanding the magnetic behaviour of multisegmented nanowires (NWs) is a major key for the application of such structures in future devices. In this work, magnetic/non-magnetic arrays of FeCoCu/Cu multilayered NWs electrodeposited in nanoporous alumina templates are studied. Contrarily to most reports on multilayered NWs, the magnetic layer thickness was kept constant (30 nm) and only the non-magnetic layer thickness was changed (0 to 80 nm). This allowed us to tune the interwire and intrawire interactions between the magnetic layers in the NW array creating a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic system without the need to change the template characteristics. Magnetic hysteresis loops, measured with the applied field parallel and perpendicular to the NWs' long axis, showed the effect of the non-magnetic Cu layer on the overall magnetic properties of the NW arrays. In particular, introducing Cu layers along the magnetic NW axis creates domain wall nucleation sites that facilitate the magnetization reversal of the wires, as seen by the decrease in the parallel coercivity and the reduction of the perpendicular saturation field. By further increasing the Cu layer thickness, the interactions between the magnetic segments, both along the NW axis and of neighbouring NWs, decrease, thus rising again the parallel coercivity and the perpendicular saturation field. This work shows how one can easily tune the parallel and perpendicular magnetic properties of a 3D magnetic layer system by adjusting the non-magnetic layer thickness

Control of magnetic properties of FeCo thin films grown by sputtering

Control of magnetic properties of FeCo thin films grown by sputterin

Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) reintroduction into Iberá Nature Reserve (Argentina): mission accomplished?

Se presentan los principales avances después de ocho años de reintroducciones de hormigueros gigantes en dos lugares de la Reserva Natural Iberá (Corrientes, Argentina). El proyecto ha manejado un total de 79 ejemplares, 75 de ellos provenientes de diferentes sectores del Chaco Seco y cuatro de ecorregionesadyacentes como Yungas y Chaco Húmedo. El 73% de los ejemplares manejados fueroncrías huérfanas nacidas en libertad, el 13% fueron adultos cautivos, 2% animales silvestres translocados, 10% animales adultos silvestres heridos y un ejemplar nacido en cautiverio. Durante la fase de cuarentena se realizaron pruebas para detectar siete patógenos, encontrando anticuerpos frente a Toxoplasma gondii en el 27% de los individuos analizados, Leptospira interrogans en el 4% y la presencia del virus del moquillo canino en el 25%. El 73% de los ejemplares sobrevivió a la fase de cuarentena y manejo intensivo. Todos los hormiguerosliberados fueron marcados con un radiotransmisor VHF y luego fueron seguidos por ese método y por cámaras trampa. De los 47 animales liberados, 11 han fallecido, 10 hembras liberadas han tenido un total de 29 crías y se estima que actualmente viven libres de 29 a 46 ejemplares en la primera población y 18 en la segunda.Desde que se dieron los primeros nacimientos, la relación entre reproducción ymortalidad ha sido positiva en cuatro años y negativa en uno. El proyecto cumple un rol doble de bienestar animal y de restauración ecológica. Los datos actuales apuntan al restablecimiento exitoso de la especie en la región.We present the main results from eight years of reintroductions of giant anteaters into Iberá Nature Reserve (Corrientes, Argentina). The project has handled 79 individuals, 75 of which came from the Dry Chaco Ecoregion, and four animals were from neighboring Yungas and Wet Chaco ecoregions. 73% of the animals were wild-born orphan cubs, 13% were captive adults, 2% adults translocated from the wild, 10% injured free-ranging adults, and one animal was captive-born. We tested for seven possible pathogens during the quarantine phase. Overall, 27% of the tested animals had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and 4% for Leptospira interrogans, while DNA of canine distemper virus was found in 25% of the tested animals. Reintroduced anteaters were fitted with VHF transmitters and then monitored with this method or camera traps. Out of 47 released animals, 11 have died, ten females have given birth to 29 cubs, and we estimate that there are currently 29 to 46 animals in the first population and 18 in the second one. Since the animals started breeding there have been four years with more births than deaths, and one where mortality surpassed the reproductive rate. This project fulfils a double role of ecological restoration and animal welfare. Even though releases and monitoring will be sustained for several more years, present data suggest that this previously extirpated mammal has been successfully re-established in Iberá Nature Reserve.Fil: Jiménez Pérez, Ignacio. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Delgado, Alicia. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Di Blanco, Yamil Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; ArgentinaFil: Abuin, Rafael. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Antúnez, Berta. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Galetto, Emanuel. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Masat, Marianella. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Peña, Jorge. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Pernigotti, Rut. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Pontón, Federico. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Solís, Gustavo. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Karina Spørring. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Heinonen, Sofía. The Conservation Land Trust; Estados Unido

Certificates for decision problems in temporal logic using context-based tableaux and sequent calculi.

115 p.Esta tesis trata de resolver problemas de Satisfactibilidad y Model Checking, aportando certificados del resultado. En ella, se trabaja con tres lógicas temporales: Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (PLTL), Computation Tree Logic (CTL) y Extended Computation Tree Logic (ECTL). Primero se presenta el trabajo realizado sobre Certified Satisfiability. Ahí se muestra una adaptación del ya existente método dual de tableaux y secuentes basados en contexto para satisfactibilidad de fórmulas PLTL en Negation Normal Form. Se ha trabajado la generación de certificados en el caso en el que las fórmulas son insactisfactibles. Por último, se aporta una prueba de soundness del método. Segundo, se ha optimizado con Sat Solvers el método de Certified Satisfiability para el contexto de Certified Model Checking. Se aportan varios ejemplos de sistemas y propiedades. Tercero, se ha creado un nuevo método dual de tableaux y secuentes basados en contexto para realizar Certified Satisfiability para fórmulas CTL yECTL. Se presenta el método y un algoritmo que genera tanto el modelo en el caso de que las fórmulas son satisfactibles como la prueba en el caso en que no lo sean. Por último, se presenta una implementación del método para CTL y una experimentación comparando el método propuesto con otro método de similares características

A CD36 ectodomain mediates insect pheromone detection via a putative tunnelling mechanism.

CD36 transmembrane proteins have diverse roles in lipid uptake, cell adhesion and pathogen sensing. Despite numerous in vitro studies, how they act in native cellular contexts is poorly understood. A Drosophila CD36 homologue, sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (SNMP1), was previously shown to facilitate detection of lipid-derived pheromones by their cognate receptors in olfactory cilia. Here we investigate how SNMP1 functions in vivo. Structure-activity dissection demonstrates that SNMP1's ectodomain is essential, but intracellular and transmembrane domains dispensable, for cilia localization and pheromone-evoked responses. SNMP1 can be substituted by mammalian CD36, whose ectodomain can interact with insect pheromones. Homology modelling, using the mammalian LIMP-2 structure as template, reveals a putative tunnel in the SNMP1 ectodomain that is sufficiently large to accommodate pheromone molecules. Amino-acid substitutions predicted to block this tunnel diminish pheromone sensitivity. We propose a model in which SNMP1 funnels hydrophobic pheromones from the extracellular fluid to integral membrane receptors

An expression atlas of chemosensory ionotropic glutamate receptors identifies a molecular basis of carbonation detection

Taste perception is thought to involve the encoding of appetitive and aversive chemical cues in food through a limited number of sensory pathways. Through expression analysis of the complete repertoire of Drosophila Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), a sensory subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, we reveal that the majority of IRs is expressed in diverse peripheral neuron populations across gustatory organs in both larvae and adults, implying numerous roles in taste-evoked behaviours. We characterise Ir56d, which labels two anatomically-distinct classes of neurons in the proboscis: one represents a subset of sugar- and fatty acid-sensing neurons, while the other responds to carbonated solutions and fatty acids. Mutational analysis shows that IR56d, together with the broadly-expressed co-receptors IR25a and IR76b, is essential for physiological activation by carbonation and fatty acids, but not sucrose. We further demonstrate that carbonation is behaviourally attractive to flies (in an IR56d-dependent manner), but in a distinct way to other appetitive stimuli. Our work provides a valuable toolkit for investigating the taste functions of IRs, defines a molecular basis of carbonation sensing, and illustrates how the gustatory system uses combinatorial expression of sensory receptors in distinct neuron types to coordinate behaviour