Proposition d'un modèle d'innovation par l'usage des SI

International audienceThe intensive use and development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are behind the innovation of new products, services and business models in the ecosystem. Thus, the information systems (IS) and emerging technology, innovation carriers, position management information systems as a key player in the innovation process. The objective of this article is to propose a model of innovation through the use of SI to help companies identify levers to favor an organization innovates relying on its SI. The contribution is a conceptual model developed from the variables of the determinants of innovation through the use of SI, which was developed through a literature review supported by the description of the systems implemented within businesses.L'usage intensif et l'évolution des Technologies de l'Information et des Communications (TIC) sont à l'origine de l'innovation de nouveaux produits, services et modèles d'affaires dans l'écosystème. Ainsi, les Systèmes d'Information (SI) et les technologiques émergentes, porteurs d'innovation, positionnent la direction des systèmes d'information (DSI) comme un acteur incontournable dans la démarche d'innovation. L'objectif du présent article est de proposer un modèle d'innovation par l'usage des SI afin d'aider les entreprises à identifier les leviers favorables pour qu'une organisation innove en s'appuyant sur ses SI. La contribution est un modèle conceptuel élaboré à partir des variables présentant les déterminants de l'innovation par l'usage des SI, et qui a été élaboré au moyen d'une revue de la littérature appuyée par la description de dispositifs mis en oeuvre au sein des entreprises

Geometry of intensive scalar dissipation events in turbulence

Maxima of the scalar dissipation rate in turbulence appear in form of sheets and correspond to the potentially most intensive scalar mixing events. Their cross-section extension determines a locally varying diffusion scale of the mixing process and extends the classical Batchelor picture of one mean diffusion scale. The distribution of the local diffusion scales is analysed for different Reynolds and Schmidt numbers with a fast multiscale technique applied to very high-resolution simulation data. The scales take always values across the whole Batchelor range and beyond. Furthermore, their distribution is traced back to the distribution of the contractive short-time Lyapunov exponent of the flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 Postscript figures (2 with reduced quality

Assessing development strategies and Africa's food and nutrition security

"On average, a typical developing country in Africa is assisted by about 30 aid institutions in the implementation of development strategies, yet Africa is still far from achieving food and nutrition security. Adequate access to food that is necessary for food security must be complemented with provision of health services, education, sanitary environments, and safe water sources, among other resources, to achieve nutrition security." from TextDevelopment assistance ,Food security Africa ,Nutrition Security ,Health services ,Water quality ,Sanitation ,Development strategies ,

Development strategies and food and nutrition security in Africa: an assessment

"Momentum is building in and around Africa today for policy action to decisively confront hunger and malnutrition. If we are to succeed, it is vital that food and nutrition security strategies be both sound and able to be implemented. Ultimately, strategies deficient in either of these two areas will be ineffectual. Lessons from past strategies provide a valuable resource in the design of future strategies, yet there is a dearth of programmatic information and rigorous evaluations of the approaches used in the past. With this in mind, the authors of this 2020 discussion paper review the multitude of approaches and strategies for achieving food and nutrition security in Africa within the context of development over the past four decades. They assess the extent to which these plans have been implemented and identify the key constraints and limitations, along with the priority investments needed for more effective design and implementation in the future." Foreword by Joachim von Braun, Director General, IFPRIFood policy, Hunger, Malnutrition Africa, Food security Africa, Development policies, Assessment, Investments,

Telomere lengths in human oocytes, cleavage stage embryos and blastocysts

Telomeres are repeated sequences that protect the ends of chromosomes and harbour DNA-repair proteins. Telomeres shorten during each cell division in the absence of telomerase. When telomere length becomes critically short, cell senescence occurs. Telomere length therefore reflects both cellular ageing and capacity for division. We have measured telomere length in human germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes and pre-implantation embryos, by quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (Q-FISH), providing baseline data towards our hypothesis that telomere length is a marker of embryo quality. The numbers of fluorescent foci suggest that extensive clustering of telomeres occurs in mature GV stage oocytes, and in pre-implantation embryos. When calculating average telomere length by assuming that each signal presents one telomere, the calculated telomere length decreased from the oocyte to the cleavage stages, and increased between the cleavage stages and the blastocyst (11.12 vs 8.43 vs 12.22kb respectively, p<0.001). Other methods of calculation, based upon expected maximum and minimum numbers of telomeres, confirm that telomere length in blastocysts is significantly longer than cleavage stages. Individual blastomeres within an embryo showed substantial variation in calculated average telomere length. This study implies that telomere length changes according to the stage of pre-implantation embryo development