Improving Reflexive Surfaces Efficiency with Genetic Algorithms

We propose using a Genetic Algorithm to improve the efficiency of reflexive surfaces in devices where the receiver's position is different from the classic parabolic antenna. With this technique, we show that we can improve the efficiency of the ARAPUCA photodetector.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Three New Species of \u3cem\u3eLepidocyrtus\u3c/em\u3e Bourlet (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Florida, USA, and Descriptive Notes on \u3cem\u3eLepidocyrtus floridensis\u3c/em\u3e Snider

Abstract In North America, the genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet (Collembola: Entomobryidae) is represented by 18 species, but only three (L. floridensis Snider, L. millsi Snider, and L. pallidus Reuter) have been reported from Florida. We investigated species diversity in leaf litter samples from counties in the north-central and southern part of the state, as the reportedly low species diversity in Florida may be due to under-sampling. As a result, in this contribution we describe three species of Lepidocyrtus new to science: L. bobwoodruffi Soto-Adames, Jenks and Daly, new species, L. brambilae Soto-Adames, Jenks and Daly, new species and L. mikethomasi Soto-Adames, Jenks and Daly, new species. In addition, we provide notes to complement the description of L. floridensis. Resumen En America del Norte, el genero Lepidocyrtus Bourlet esta representado por 18 especies. Aunque el estado de Florida alberga una vasta diversidad de habitats, solo tres especies de Lepidocyrtus (L. floridensis Snider, L. millsi Snider y L. pallidus Reuter) han sido reportadas para la region. Asumiendo que la deficiencia en la diversidad de especies reportadas de Florida es debido a la falta de muestreo adecuado, examinamos colecciones aleatorias de condados en la region norcentral y sur del Estado. Como resultado, en la presente contribucion describimos tres especies nuevas para la ciencia: L. bobwoodruffi Soto-Adames, Jenks y Daly, nueva especie, L. brambilae Soto-Adames, Jenks y Daly, nueva especie, y L. mikethomasi Soto-Adames, Jenks y Daly, nueva especie. En adicion, proveemos notas que complementan la descripcion original de L. floridensis

La formación matemática del docente de educación primaria, un factor influyente en el desempeño de los alumnos al resolver problemas matemáticos

This study aims to identify whether the mathematical training of primary school teachers influences the performance of students in solving mathematical problems. This is a descriptive, quantitative research, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The survey and a test were used as a data collection instrument, which was applied to teachers and students. 5 schools from the Cabecera district were selected and a probabilistic sample was applied with a confidence level of 95%. The sample consisted of 99 teachers and 340 students. The sample consisted of 99 teachers and 340 students. The statistical analysis of the collected data made it possible to describe the weaknesses that primary level teachers present in terms of their mathematical training in the areas of arithmetic, geometry, statistics and measurement systems.El presente estudio pretende identificar si la formación matemática del docente de educación primaria influye en el desempeño de los alumnos en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa con diseño no experimental, transversal. Se empleó como instrumento de recolección de datos, la encuesta y una prueba, la cual se aplicó a docentes y estudiantes. Se seleccionaron 5 escuelas del distrito cabecera y se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico con un 95% de confianza.  La muestra consistió en 99 docentes y 340 estudiantes. El análisis estadístico de los datos recopilados permitió describir las debilidades que presentan los docentes del nivel primario en cuanto a su formación matemática en las áreas de aritmética, geometría, estadística y sistemas de medidas

Fabricación y caracterización de películas delgadas de Alq3

Alq3 (tris (8-hydroxyquinolate) aluminum) thin films were deposited on glass by thermal evaporation in order to establish the optimal evaporation rates of thin films deposited between 30 to 120nm on a substrate with temperatures between 60 and 120°C. TheLas películas delgadas de Alq3 (aluminio tris (8-hidroxiquinolato)) se depositaron sobre el vidrio por evaporación térmica para establecer las velocidades de evaporación óptimas de las películas delgadas depositadas entre 30 y 120 nm en un sustrato con t

DUNE Phase II: scientific opportunities, detector concepts, technological solutions

The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a Module of Opportunity, aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos.LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359 DE-AC02-07CH11359]; CNPq, Brazil; FAPERJ, Brazil; FAPEG, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, Canada; NSERC, Canada; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF; H2020-EU; European Union; CEA, France; INFN, Italy; NRF, South Korea; Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER; MICINN, Spain; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; Royal Society; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of AmericaThis document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Fermilab Report Number: FERMILAB-TM-2833-LBN

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1 +/- 0.6% and 84.1 +/- 0.6%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.CERN management; CERN EP; BE; TE; EN; IT Departments [NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; CNPq, Brazil; FAPERJ, Brazil; FAPEG, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, Canada; IPP, Canada; NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF; H2020-EU; MSCA; European Union; CNRS/IN2P3, France; CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa; Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, Spain; MICINN, Spain; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; TuBTAK, Turkey; Royal Society, United Kingdom; UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated [DE-AC02-05CH11231]The ProtoDUNE-SP detector was constructed and operated on the CERN Neutrino Platform. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERN management, and the CERN EP, BE, TE, EN and IT Departments for NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP. This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TuBTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the Oo10 thorn MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the & nu;e component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section & sigma;oE & nu; thorn for charged-current & nu;e absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova & nu;e spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of & sigma;oE & nu; thorn modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on & sigma;oE & nu; thorn must be substantially reduced before the & nu;e flux parameters can be extracted reliably; in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10% bias with DUNE requires & sigma;oE & nu; thorn to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of & sigma;oE & nu; thorn . A direct measurement of low-energy & nu;e-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level.Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; CNPq, Brazil; FAPERJ, Brazil; FAPEG, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, Canada; IPP, Canada; NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, European Union; H2020-EU, European Union; MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3, France; CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Spain; Fundacion La Caixa, Spain; Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, Spain; MICINN, Spain; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; Royal Society, United Kingdom; UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; FAPESB T. O. [PIE 0013/2016]; UESC/PROPP [0010299-61]This document was prepared by the DUNE Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This work was also supported by FAPESB T. O. PIE 0013/2016 and UESC/PROPP 0010299-61

The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology Technical design report

[No abstract available]Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 103 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype.Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPEG; FAPESP, Brazil; CFI; IPP; NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF; H2020-EU; MSCA; European Union; CNRS/IN2P3; CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM; Fundacion La Caixa; Junta de Andalucia-FEDER; MICINN; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI; SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; Royal Society; UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE; NSF, United States of America; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11359.This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231