CP violation in J/ψ→ΛΛˉJ/\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \bar \Lambda

We study CP violation in $J/\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \bar{\Lambda}$ decay. This decay provides a good place to look for CP violation. Some observables are very sensitive to the $\Lambda$ electric dipole moment $d_\Lambda$ and therefore can be used to improve the experimental upper bound on $d_\Lambda$. CP violations in the lepton pair decays of $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, UM-P-92/113, OZ-92/3

Bayesian Approach of Joint Models of Longitudinal Outcomes and Informative Time

Longitudinal studies are commonly encountered in a variety of research areas in which the scientific interest is in the pattern of change in a response variable over time. In longitudinal data analyses, a number of methods have been proposed. Most of the traditional longitudinal methods assume that the independent variables are the same across all subjects. It is commonly assumed that time intervals for collecting outcomes are predetermined and have no information regarding the measured variables. However, in practice, researchers might occasionally have irregular time intervals and informative time, which violate the above assumptions. Hence, if traditional statistical methods are used for this situation, the results would be biased. The joint models of longitudinal outcomes and informative time are used as a solution to the above violations by using joint probability distributions, incorporating the relationships between outcomes and time. The joint models are designed to handle outcome distributions from a normal distribution with informative time following an exponential distribution. Several studies used the maximum likelihood parameter estimates of the joint model. This study, however, presented an alternative method for parameters estimation, based on a Bayesian approach, with respect to joint models of longitudinal outcomes and informative time. Using a Bayesian approach permitted the inclusion of knowledge of the observed data within the analysis through the prior distribution of unknown parameters. In this dissertation, the prior distribution adopted three scenarios: (1) the prior distributions of all unknown parameters are noninformative prior, which will set to be vague but proper prior: Normal(0, 1e6). (2) The prior distributions of all unknown parameters are informative prior, which will be set to be normal for unrestricted parameters, and inverse gamma (IG) priors for positive parameters such as the variance σ2. (3) A combination of two above scenarios, so the prior distributions of some unknown parameters are noninformative, and the others are informative. The procedure for estimating the model parameters was developed via a Markov chain Monte Carlo method using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The key idea was to construct the likelihood function, specify the prior information, and then calculate the posterior distribution. Simulated observations were generated by the MCMC technique from the posterior distribution. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to find Bayesian estimates for the unknown parameters in the joint model, with the assumptions of a normal distribution for the outcome process and an exponential distribution for informative time. The properties and merits of the proposed procedure were illustrated employing a simulation study through a written R program and OpenBUGS

Intelligent spectrum management techniques for wireless cognitive radio networks

PhD ThesisThis thesis addresses many of the unique spectrum management chal- lenges in CR networks for the rst time. These challenges have a vital e ect on the network performance and are particularly di cult to solve due to the unique characteristics of CR networks. Speci cally, this thesis proposes and investigates three intelligent spectrum management tech- niques for CR networks. The issues investigated in this thesis have a fundamental impact on the establishment, functionality and security of CR networks. First, an intelligent primary receiver-aware message exchange protocol for CR ad hoc networks is proposed. It considers the problem of alleviat- ing the interference collision risk to primary user communication, explic- itly to protect primary receivers that are not detected during spectrum sensing. The proposed protocol achieves a higher measure of safeguard- ing. A practical scenario is considered where no global network topology is known and no common control channel is assumed to exist. Second, a novel CR broadcast protocol (CRBP) to reliably disseminate the broadcast messages to all or most of the possible CR nodes in the network is proposed. The CRBP formulates the broadcast problem as a bipartite-graph problem. Thus, CRBP achieves a signi cant successful delivery ratio by connecting di erent local topologies, which is a unique feature in CR ad hoc networks. Finally, a new defence strategy to defend against spectrum sensing data falsi cation attacks in CR networks is proposed. In order to identify malicious users, the proposed scheme performs multiple veri cations of sensory data with the assistance of trusted nodes.Higher Committee For Education Devel- opment in Iraq (HCED-Iraq

Some effects of pruning on the growth of apple trees

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 N156Master of Scienc

Adiposity has differing associations with incident coronary heart disease and mortality in the Scottish population: cross-sectional surveys with follow-up

Objective: Investigation of the association of excess adiposity with three different outcomes: all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident CHD. Design: Cross-sectional surveys linked to hospital admissions and death records. Subjects: 19 329 adults (aged 18–86 years) from a representative sample of the Scottish population. Measurements: Gender-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality, CHD mortality and incident CHD. Separate models incorporating the anthropometric measurements body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist–hip ratio (WHR) were created adjusted for age, year of survey, smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results: For both genders, BMI-defined obesity (greater than or equal to30 kg m−2) was not associated with either an increased risk of all-cause mortality or CHD mortality. However, there was an increased risk of incident CHD among the obese men (hazard ratio (HR)=1.78; 95% confidence interval=1.37–2.31) and obese women (HR=1.93; 95% confidence interval=1.44–2.59). There was a similar pattern for WC with regard to the three outcomes; for incident CHD, the HR=1.70 (1.35–2.14) for men and 1.71 (1.28–2.29) for women in the highest WC category (men greater than or equal to102 cm, women greater than or equal to88 cm), synonymous with abdominal obesity. For men, the highest category of WHR (greater than or equal to1.0) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.29; 1.04–1.60) and incident CHD (1.55; 1.19–2.01). Among women with a high WHR (greater than or equal to0.85) there was an increased risk of all outcomes: all-cause mortality (1.56; 1.26–1.94), CHD mortality (2.49; 1.36–4.56) and incident CHD (1.76; 1.31–2.38). Conclusions: In this study excess adiposity was associated with an increased risk of incident CHD but not necessarily death. One possibility is that modern medical intervention has contributed to improved survival of first CHD events. The future health burden of increased obesity levels may manifest as an increase in the prevalence of individuals living with CHD and its consequences

Saudi Arabian 2030 Vision and Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students

The purposes of this study are to report the degree of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabian 2030 Vision’s (KSA 2030 Vision) awareness among students, and to examine the association of entrepreneurial intention with the awareness of the KSA 2030 Vision in Colleg

KEGIATAN BELAJARA MENGAJAR (KBM) DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN KETERAMPILAN (LPK) CV. ARAU KOTA BENGKULU

This research in common to know how learning steers car on LPK CV. Arau is Bengkulu's City. Performing observationaling to utilize research by methodics case study, data collecting did by interview, observation and documentation. Base study result therefore gets to be concluded that 1) Management course steer car on institute course steer LPK CV'S car. Arau at Bengkulu's City was walking lam which is more or less 42 years but on penyelanggaraannya stills less professional as well as 2 instructor stipubting be accomplished appropriate persayaratan that affixed deep spontaneous number Minister Of Communication: 2 ) On institute course steers LPK CV. Arau doesn't establish 2 healthy bank statements and well-behaved from kepolisan becomes to stipulate becomes course participant which 2 it most loads in number Minister Of Communication decision: 3 ) Learning Material on institute course steer LPK CV.Arau's car there is and appropriate referenced curriculum steers. Meanwhile curriculum has accomplished partly criterion which at words by number Minister Of Communication decision: KM).   4 ) Learning Method utilize to methodic discourses, question-answer, training (drill) again and again, with blackboard media, traffic light banner and car fleets, theory pembelajarn not specific ala is utilized but at the moment researcher research sees instructor to utilize some pembelaran's theory principle as cognitive as s r, kognitif's theory and configurational motivation theory, steps in learning gets basis on learning curriculum steers car, 5 ) Learning Aim steer cars on LPK CV. 6 ) Evaluation those are done on learning steers car did by nontes's activity pattern where estimation was done by instructor utilize direct watch observation by instructor in assesses pengusaan tech steers can know don't it participant study to gain control tech implement studies Key word:  learning component on LPK CV. Arau is Bengkulu City

Upaya Perangkat Desa dalam Memberdayakan Masyarakat di Desa Tengah Padang Kecamatan Talang Empat Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

The aim of this research were: (1) to know the empowering society planning program by the village staff (2) to know the activity of empowering society done by the village staff (3) to know the effort of filling the competence aspect on the empowering society activity (4) to know the innovative effort which was done by the village staff in order to increase the quality of empowering society activity. The research method was qualitative method with descriptive approach. The participants of this research were Mr. Jamali as the headman, Mrs. Titing Alfera Roza, S.Pd as the secretary, Ms.Septi Andriani as the head of youth organization and Mrs. Linda Dewi as the one of Tengah padang village members. The data collection technique used non-participant observation, structured interview, and documentation. The data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman analysis mode, which was consist of the data reduction, data presentation, and drawling conclusion. On behalf of examining the validity and reliability of the data, the researcher used triangulation on the source, technique, and time. Based on the analysis, the village staff had done the effort to empower the society in Tengah Padang village, Talang Empat Sub-District, Central Bengkulu Regency such as arranging the empowering society planning program. The planning activities were PKK coaching, sport activity, art activity, religious activity, English and computer course. The village staff did the location and socialization selection, the empowering fund got from ADD. The support factor was the high of society participation, on the other hand the minimum facility was the inhibit factor. In order to fill the competence aspect, the village staff searched the speaker who appropriate with the education background. The innovative effort was planning the new activity such as making the bag from the strap. Then there was the directly checking by the village staff with observing the activity. Key Words: Effort, The Village Staff, Empowering Society

EFEKTIVITAS KEGIATAN KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUBE) RAFFLESIA KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA

General objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of activities done by Rafflesia Business Group at the North Bengkulu. And the specific purpose of this study was to determine the planning, implementation, efforts to increase its capabilities to the members in the group, infrastructure, and the evaluation of Business Group program. The method of this study was a qualitative method and the data collection techniques used was interview, observation and documentation. The subjects of this research was Rafflesia Business Group board consisted of Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and Members. In order to prove the validity of the research, it was checked by using the triangulation of data sources, techniques and timing. Data were analyzed through three stages, which were data reduction, presentation and conclusion. The research found that the first, Rafflesia Business Group did not use specific standards in planning the program it was only seen from the public interest, the planning was done with the consensus of the members. Second, implementation, Rafflesia Business Group implemented the program in accordance with the initial plan that had been prepared in advance with the cooperation of members to achieve production. Third, the efforts to increase the member participation in the group, members of the business made another attempt at Business Group. But they were always working to improve Business Group program in order to create new innovations. Fourth, influence of infrastructure, KUBE Rafflesia had sufficient infrastructure and assist in achieving the results of Business Group’s program. Fifth evaluation, the evaluation was done associated with the planning done by the consensus of members, the implementation that was done matched with the advance planning in which the members were cooperated, the efforts to increased members participation in which they were always attempted to give new innovations for Business Group’s program, and the infrastructure supported in achieving the results of Business Group. Keywords: Effectiveness, Business Group, entrepreneurshi