Double jumps and transition rates for two dipole-interacting atoms

Cooperative effects in the fluorescence of two dipole-interacting atoms, with macroscopic quantum jumps (light and dark periods), are investigated. The transition rates between different intensity periods are calculated in closed form and are used to determine the rates of double jumps between periods of double intensity and dark periods, the mean duration of the three intensity periods and the mean rate of their occurrence. We predict, to our knowledge for the first time, cooperative effects for double jumps, for atomic distances from one and to ten wave lengths of the strong transition. The double jump rate, as a function of the atomic distance, can show oscillations of up to 30% at distances of about a wave length, and oscillations are still noticeable at a distance of ten wave lengths. The cooperative effects of the quantities and their characteristic behavior turn out to be strongly dependent on the laser detuning.Comment: Substantially revised versio

A Density-Equalizing Mapping Analysis of the Global Research Architecture

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved as an alarming public health thread due to its global spread as hospital and community pathogen. Despite this role, a scientometric analysis has not been performed yet. Therefore, the NewQIS platform was used to conduct a combined density- equalizing mapping and scientometric study. As database, the Web of Science was used, and all entries between 1961 and 2007 were analyzed. In total, 7671 entries were identified. Density equalizing mapping demonstrated a distortion of the world map for the benefit of the USA as leading country with a total output of 2374 publications, followed by the UK (1030) and Japan (862). Citation rate analysis revealed Portugal as leading country with a rate of 35.47 citations per article, followed by New Zealand and Denmark. Country cooperation network analyses showed 743 collaborations with US-UK being most frequent. Network citation analyses indicated the publications that arose from the cooperation of USA and France as well as USA and Japan as the most cited (75.36 and 74.55 citations per collaboration article, respectively). The present study provides the first combined density-equalizing mapping and scientometric analysis of MRSA research. It illustrates the global MRSA research architecture. It can be assumed that this highly relevant topic for public health will achieve even greater dimensions in the future

Cooperative fluorescence effects for dipole-dipole interacting systems with experimentally relevant level configurations

The mutual dipole-dipole interaction of atoms in a trap can affect their fluorescence. Extremely large effects were reported for double jumps between different intensity periods in experiments with two and three Ba^+ ions for distances in the range of about ten wave lengths of the strong transition while no effects were observed for Hg^+ at 15 wave lengths. In this theoretical paper we study this question for configurations with three and four levels which model those of Hg^+ and Ba^+, respectively. For two systems in the Hg^+ configuration we find cooperative effects of up to 30% for distances around one or two wave lengths, about 5% around ten wave lengths, and, for larger distances in agreement with experiments, practically none. This is similar for two V systems. However, for two four-level configurations, which model two Ba^+ ions, cooperative effects are practically absent, and this latter result is at odds with the experimental findings for Ba^+.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Prenatal Lactation-Focused Motivational Interviewing for Enhancing Breastfeeding Initiation, Exclusivity, and Duration: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes

Breastfeeding promotes health and well-being for both mother and infant. A variety of environmental and individual factors, including psychological ones, affect infant feeding practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a single-session Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention delivered during the third trimester of pregnancy for enhancing breastfeeding outcomes. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided a theoretical framework for the intervention and outcome measures. The sample consisted of predominantly rural participants living in the North Central Appalachian region. Women were recruited through social media, local clinics, and word of mouth. Participants (N = 81) completed one in-person session during the third trimester of pregnancy and one follow-up phone call at one month postpartum. All participants were randomly assigned to either the MI intervention or a psychoeducation intervention focused on infant developmental milestones. Pre-post intervention outcome measures included infant feeding intentions, perceived behavioral control of breastfeeding, perceived importance of breastfeeding, infant feeding knowledge, breastfeeding attitudes and subjective norms, and knowledge of infant development. At one month postpartum, participants completed a phone interview which assessed breastfeeding initiation and current breastfeeding status. Directly following the intervention, there was a significant effect of the MI intervention on increasing breastfeeding attitudes among primiparous women only (p \u3c .05). In addition, at one month postpartum, women in the MI group were more likely to report any current breastfeeding than women in the psychoeducation group, chi² (1, N = 79) = 4.30, p = 0.040, phi = .233. There were no significant between-group differences on intentions, perceived behavioral control, perceived importance, subjective norms, infant feeding knowledge, knowledge of infant development, likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding at one month postpartum, total proportion of feedings that were breast milk at one month postpartum, or plans for continued breastfeeding at one month postpartum. Results of this study support the feasibility of a single-session, prenatal MI intervention. Preliminary findings demonstrate MI\u27s effectiveness in increasing the likelihood of any breastfeeding at one month postpartum, and in enhancing breastfeeding attitudes among primiparous women. Future work in this area may benefit from implementing electronic communication to reinforce messages of MI interventions. From a public health perspective, future work in this area should target populations facing breastfeeding inequities and disparities. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT03033459

Bagging

For more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/20744

A Fuzzy Logic Based Approach For Enterprise Application Evaluations

This contribution presents an approach to use fuzzy logic and fuzzy rule systems for enterprise application evaluations (enterprise architecture dependent application evaluations). Such evaluations regard all relations to enterprise architecture artifacts in order to evaluate an application. There may be a large number of criteria to be considered and some of them have to be assessed by humans, which may introduce vagueness to the results. We present a method to assign the results of criteria to linguistic terms that have semantics like “good” or “poor”. Since it is often relevant to have exactly one characteristic to compare applications to each other, a fuzzy rule system approach is presented that aggregates those linguistic terms for each criterion of an application to an overall indicator of an application’s quality

Dross

For more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/20750

A Fuzzy Control Language Approach for Landscape Dependent Application Evaluations

In landscape dependent application evaluations, applications are not regarded as independent objects but as part of a whole: the application landscape. Since properties of applications may be influenced by other applications or the enterprise environment, evaluations ignoring the context are not suitable for the responsible stakeholders. To infer indications of an application’s quality, several kinds of methods and technologies can be used. This paper focuses on that aspect and presents an implementation technique for inferring adequate results. Therefore an approach based on fuzzy control language (FCL) will be introduced which uses fuzzy logic technology for application landscape evaluations