AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE RENTABILIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA DE MILHO-VERDE NA REGIÃO DA ILHA DE SÃO LUÍS NO MARANHÃO

This study aimed to evaluate the economic viability of organic sweetcorn production in São Luís municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil. Data were collected considering the first crop results of 2017, and then a cost spreadsheet was prepared. The revenue was determined according to the productivity achieved and the price at which the corncobs were commercialized. The economic indicators [net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR)] were calculated, taking into account the inputs and outputs of Cash Flow. A sensitivity analysis was carried out showing 15% impact on the values of production costs and on the reduction in revenue. The NPV for this project over a three- year projection was R $15,602.95 (Brazilian currency) for an attractiveness rate of 25$ 15.602,95 para uma taxa de atratividade de 25%. A TIR ficou em 118,15%, podendo o projeto ser considerado com viabilidade financeira, tendo em vista o risco associado às atividades agropecuárias. Nas análises de sensibilidade, os componentes que tiveram maior impacto sobre os indicadores foram a redução na receita (por queda no preço ou na produtividade), com redução de 22,15% no VPL, e os gastos com fertilizantes, com redução de 12,56% na TIR

The modern coffee planting in the Brazilian savannah

The Brazilian coffee planting presents a great importance in the creation of job opportunities, resources, and exchange value, being very diversified, with local particularities. The Brazilian Savannah covers more than 200 million ha, distributed along the States of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, Bahia, Piauí, Maranhão, and Distrito Federal, and has reached a yield of more than 5 million bags per year, mainly for Coffea arabica L. The coffee growing, in that region, stands out for presenting yield above the national average and for using, in a more efficient way, agricultural inputs, irrigation, improved varieties, and mechanization, among other practices. The irrigated coffee crop, in Brazil, covers 240,000 ha, most of these in the Brazilian Savannah, representing 10% of the total planted area and 25% of the total coffee yield. The most used irrigation systems are the sprinkler ones (conventional, net sprinkler, and center pivot) and the located ones (dripping and modified). Its climate favours coffee quality, as it allows harvesting under low air humidity conditions, since rainfall is concentrated in the summer. It is also observed, in the Brazilian Savannah areas, higher insolation rates, mainly in the autumn and winter months, favorable to yield and quality. The most planted varieties are the Catuaí and Mundo Novo ones, along with other promising drought and diseases resistant materials

A MODERNA CAFEICULTURA DOS CERRADOS BRASILEIROS

The Brazilian coffee planting presents a great importance in the creation of job opportunities, resources, and exchange value, being very diversified, with local particularities. The Brazilian Savannah covers more than 200 million ha, distributed along the States of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, Bahia, Piauí, Maranhão, and Distrito Federal, and has reached a yield of more than 5 million bags per year, mainly for Coffea arabica L. The coffee growing, in that region, stands out for presenting yield above the national average and for using, in a more efficient way, agricultural inputs, irrigation, improved varieties, and mechanization, among other practices. The irrigated coffee crop, in Brazil, covers 240,000 ha, most of these in the Brazilian Savannah, representing 10% of the total planted area and 25% of the total coffee yield. The most used irrigation systems are the sprinkler ones (conventional, net sprinkler, and center pivot) and the located ones (dripping and modified). Its climate favours coffee quality, as it allows harvesting under low air humidity conditions, since rainfall is concentrated in the summer. It is also observed, in the Brazilian Savannah areas, higher insolation rates, mainly in the autumn and winter months, favorable to yield and quality. The most planted varieties are the Catuaí and Mundo Novo ones, along with other promising drought and diseases resistant materials.A cafeicultura brasileira apresenta grande importânica na geração de empregos, recursos e divisas, sendo bastante diversificada, com particularidades regionais. O Cerrado brasileiro abrange mais de 200 milhões de hectares, distribuídos nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Tocantins, Bahia, Piauí, Maranhão e Distrito Federal, e tem se destacado com produção superior a 5 milhões de sacas por ano, principalmente de Coffea arabica L. A cafeicultura, nesta região, é caracterizada por apresentar produtividade acima da média nacional e utilizar, de maneira mais eficiente, insumos agrícolas, irrigação, genótipos apropriados e mecanização, dentre outras práticas. A cafeicultura irrigada ocupa, no Brasil, 240.000 ha, estando a maioria desta área localizada em regiões de Cerrado, representando mais de 10% da área e mais de 25% da produção de café total no País. Os sistemas de irrigação mais utilizados são os de aspersão (convencional, em malha e pivô central) e os localizados (gotejamento e modificados). O clima é favorável à qualidade do café, pois, na época da colheita, ocorrem condições de baixa umidade relativa do ar, sendo as chuvas concentradas no verão. Verifica-se, também, nas áreas de Cerrado, maior quantidade de insolação, principalmente nos meses de outono e inverno, também favorável à produtividade e qualidade. As variedades mais plantadas são do grupo Catuaí e Mundo Novo, tendo sido, também, introduzidos outros materiais promissores, com relação à produtividade e resistência à seca e a doenças

Andina-first clonal cultivar of high-altitude conilon coffee

Andina is a conilon coffee variety originated from a selection of clones discovered by farmers. It was cultivated and evaluated for yield and plant vigor an altitude of 850m asl. Five genotypes (A1, NV2, NV8, P1 and Verdim TA), with a mean yield of 51.3 bags per hectare per year.publishersversionpublishe

Vegetative growth of 28 genotypes of Coffea canephora at 850 meters of altitude

Coffea canephora plants grown at low or elevated temperatures undergo changes in photosynthetic processes, which have a direct impact on vegetative growth. This species shows plants with distinct stress tolerance mechanisms and a great genetic diversity; however, there are no studies concerning the study of altitude on plant growth for these genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth rates of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches from 28 Coffea canephora genotypes, ca. 3 years of age, cultivated at 850 m of altitude. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. Each repetition was compounded by five plants. The period of the experimental evaluation was from 01/23/2013 to 07/07/2013. We selected and identified the orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, which were evaluated bimonthly according to their length (mm), assessing the growth rates. The results were associated with climatic factors that occurred during the experimental period. The genetic material of Coffea canephora evaluated in the study shows genetic diversity to the characteristics growth rate of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, thus, it is possible to select genotypes with potential for cultivation at 850 m of altitude. In general, genotypes of Coffea canephora exhibited variations in growth rates, mainly in response to changes in temperature, with a sharp and constant drop in growth rates between the period from 05/05/2013 to 05/ 23/2013, when the recorded temperatures were always below 13 °C. Genotypes A1, NV2 and NV1 can be pointed as the ones which showed the best vegetative growth results at 850 meters of altitude.publishersversionpublishe

Phosphate fertilization in processing tomato irrigated by localized irrigation systems

The aim of this work was to evaluate different combinations of phosphate fertilizer sources on processing tomato (cv. BRS Sena) development and yield, irrigated by localized irrigation systems. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split plots, in a factorial scheme (3x5), with four replications. In the plots were used three irrigation systems: drip; subsurface drip and microsprinkler. In the subplots, five combinations of phosphate fertilizer: 100% of Thermophosphate; 100% Triple Superphosphate; 75% Thermophosphate + 25% Triple Superphosphate; 50% Thermophosphate + 50% Triple Superphosphate; and 25% Thermophosphate + 75% Triple Superphosphate. At harvest, the yield of green, ripe and rotten fruits; total yield; percertation of green, ripe and rotten fruits; firmness; pH; titratable acidity; total soluble solids; and fruit size and density were evaluated. Fertilization with Thermophosphate, or its association with Triple Superphosphate, is beneficial for tomato yield. Microsprinkler irrigation provides higher percentage of ripe fruits and lower incidence of green fruits and, when associated with phosphate fertilization of 100% of Thermophosphate, promotes higher yield. Drip and subsurface drip irrigations proved ineffective for the tomato when all the planting fertilization was concentrated in the planting groove. Phosphate fertilization with only Triple Superphosphate was not beneficial the yield, regardless of the irrigation system used. Fertilization with Triple Superphosphate alone or associated with Thermophosphate favored the concentration of maturation, total soluble solids content and tomato fruit acidity.The aim of this work was to evaluate different combinations of phosphate fertilizer sources on processing tomato (cv. BRS Sena) development and yield, irrigated by localized irrigation systems. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split plots, in a factorial scheme (3x5), with four replications. In the plots were used three irrigation systems: drip; subsurface drip and microsprinkler. In the subplots, five combinations of phosphate fertilizer: 100% of Thermophosphate; 100% Triple Superphosphate; 75% Thermophosphate + 25% Triple Superphosphate; 50% Thermophosphate + 50% Triple Superphosphate; and 25% Thermophosphate + 75% Triple Superphosphate. At harvest, the yield of green, ripe and rotten fruits; total yield; percertation of green, ripe and rotten fruits; firmness; pH; titratable acidity; total soluble solids; and fruit size and density were evaluated. Fertilization with Thermophosphate, or its association with Triple Superphosphate, is beneficial for tomato yield. Microsprinkler irrigation provides higher percentage of ripe fruits and lower incidence of green fruits and, when associated with phosphate fertilization of 100% of Thermophosphate, promotes higher yield. Drip and subsurface drip irrigations proved ineffective for the tomato when all the planting fertilization was concentrated in the planting groove. Phosphate fertilization with only Triple Superphosphate was not beneficial the yield, regardless of the irrigation system used. Fertilization with Triple Superphosphate alone or associated with Thermophosphate favored the concentration of maturation, total soluble solids content and tomato fruit acidity

Avaliação econômica da produção de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f.) na região do estado do Rio de Janeiro

The purpose of the research was to determine, through the calculation of net present value and internal return rate, the viability of the production of passion fruit yellow (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) production in the North Region of Rio de Janeiro State, as well as to identify, using the Monte Carlo Method, the risk that activity. Specifically, determines the production costs and the profitability of the investments in this activity. The absence of a efficient management of the production costs and the use of inadequate productive processes are the main problems in the production of passion fruit. Other important factors are plagues and illnesses, inefficiency of the production resources and instability of the product prices in the commercialization process. These factors have affected directly the quality of the fruits, the productivity, and, as a result, caused a reduction in the profitability of this activity. Partially, the price instability can be minimized with the irrigated production, planned to be harvested in the periods of higher prices, and with a better management of the production costs, which serves as a reference in the prices negotiation with the industries.A pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar, mediante o cálculo do valor presente líquido e da taxa interna de retorno, a viabilidade da produção de maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) na região Norte Fluminense, bem como identificar, usando o método de Monte Carlo, o risco dessa atividade. Especificamente, determina os custos e a rentabilidade dos investimentos realizados nesta atividade. A ausência de mecanismo eficientes de gerenciamento dos custos de produção e o uso de processos produtivos inadequados são os principais problemas na produção do maracujá. Outros fatores importantes são pragas edoenças, ineficiência dos recursos de produção e instabilidade dos preços do produto no processo de comercialização. Esses fatores têm afetado diretamente a qualidade dos frutos,a produtividade, e conseqüentemente, resultado em baixa lucratividade dessa atividade. Em parte, a instabilidade dos preços pode ser minimizada com a produção irrigada, planejada para ser colhida em períodos de preços mais elevados, e com um melhor gerenciamento dos custos de produção

Critical points of industrial tomato from field to processing

ABSTRACT The authors evaluated critical points of production stages of the industrial tomato, through physical and physico-chemical analyzes of U2006 hybrid fruits in the harvest, 2016. Fruits were evaluated in relation to raw material, temperature, fresh mass, pH, soluble solids (°Brix), firmness, titratable acidity and extravasation of electrolytes. Samples were collected in six steps: manual, mechanized, truck, arrival at industry, unloading and selection mat in two periods, morning and afternoon, totalizing 60 fruits for each step, and four replications. Fruits which waited for more than 10 hours in the yard generated an increase in serious defects (%), loss of fresh mass, discount on the amount paid for the load. The most critical stages of the production process were identified when tomatoes arrived at the industry and their unloading, when the fruits presented fresh mass loss due to the high temperature. In addition, the authors highlight that a better organization in the arrivals at the industry as well as an efficient communication of crop restriction is crucial, since unscheduled stops increase waiting time, causing significant quality losses.</div

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA E DE RISCO NA CULTURA DO MAMÃO (CARICA PAPAYA L.): UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO NORTE DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar o risco da atividade na região norte capixaba, mediante o cálculo do valor presente líquido e da taxa interna de retorno, e identificar, usando o método de Monte Carlo. A área de estudo deste trabalho foi a Fazenda Caliman Agrícola, situada no município de Linhares. A Fazenda disponibiliza de sistemas de irrigação localizada com fertirrigação assim como cultivares com altas produtividades desenvolvidas na própria fazenda. As informações para compor os coeficientes técnicos utilizados na montagem do fluxo de caixa da cultura do mamão foram obtidas através do departamento administrativo da Fazenda Caliman. De acordo com as análises econômicas realizadas pode-se concluir que a cultura do mamão se apresenta viável para a região Norte do estado do Espírito Santo. A atividade mostrou-se viável para as várias taxas de desconto consideradas. Para as três áreas de estudo da fazenda, o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) da cultura variou de R$8572,82 a R$ 99,28 utilizando uma taxa de atratividade média de 6% a 12%. A Taxa interna de retorno (TIR) foram de 12,19%, 16,32%, e 17,63% indicando que a cultura é economicamente viável para o cultivo na região

PRODUÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO EM FUNÇÃO DE RECIPIENTES E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

PRODUÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO EM FUNÇÃO DE RECIPIENTES E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  CÍCERO JOSÉ DA SILVA1; CÉSAR ANTÔNIO DA SILVA2; CARLOS ALESSANDRO DE FREITAS3; ADELMO GOLYNSKI4 E ANSELMO AFONSO GOLYNSKI5 1 Professor, Mestre, Curso de Agronomia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Câmpus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, [email protected] Professor, Doutor, Curso de Agronomia,   do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Câmpus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, [email protected]  3 Estudante, Agronomia   do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Câmpus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, [email protected] Professor, Doutor, Curso de Agronomia,   do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Câmpus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO [email protected], Doutor, Curso de Agronomia,   do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano), Câmpus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, [email protected]  1 RESUMO O baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) é uma espécie do bioma Cerrado promissora para o cultivo, em virtude de seu potencial madeireiro e oleaginoso, e sua utilização na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Por serem escassas as informações sobre necessidades hídricas da espécie, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e crescimento de mudas de baruzeiro em função de lâminas de irrigação e tamanhos de recipiente. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no período de maio a outubro de 2010. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em parcelas subdivididas com oito mudas cada, no esquema 2 x 5. Nas parcelas, utilizaram-se dois tamanhos de recipientes (vasos de 3,1 L e citrovasos de 4,0 L), e nas subparcelas, lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento, iguais a 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). Aos 100 dias após a germinação, foram avaliados: o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a produção de matéria seca e o índice de qualidade das mudas, através do Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O citrovaso proporcionou maior ETc em relação ao vaso e, consequentemente, mudas mais desenvolvidas. Lâminas de 70% a 95% da ETc propiciaram mudas de baruzeiro de maior vigor. O aumento do déficit hídrico reduziu o desenvolvimento de mudas de baruzeiro. A lâmina ótima de irrigação, foi estimada em 71% da ETc, independentemente do recipiente, o que resultou um IQD de 0,55.                                                           PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Dipteryx alata Vog.; evapotranspiração de cultura; déficit hídrico; Cerrado; espécies nativas.  SILVA, C. J. da; SILVA, C. A. da; FREITAS, C. A. de; GOLYNSKI, A.; GOLYNSKI, A. A.PRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF BARUZEIRO SEEDLINGS AS A FUNCTION OF CONTAINERS AND IRRIGATION DEPTHS   2 ABSTRACT Baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is a species from the Brush biome which is considered promising for cultivation because of its timber and oleaginous potential and use to recover degraded areas.  Due to scarce information on  water requirements  of the species, the objective of this study was to evaluate production and growth of baruzeiro seedlings as a function of container sizes and irrigation depths   The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse  from May to October 2010. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates in a split-plot 2 x 5 design, with eight seedlings in each one. Two sizes of containers were used in the plots (3.1 and 4.0  L rigid pots of straight stiff plastic tube) and irrigation drip levels equal to 20%, 40%, 60% 80% and 100% crop evapotranspiration (Etc) were used in the subplots.  At 100 days after emergence, the following parameters were evaluated: vegetative growth, dry matter production and index of seedling quality by the Dickson quality index (DQI). The stiff plastic tube provided higher Etc in relation to that of  the rigid pot, and therefore, more developed seedlings. Water depth from 70% to 95% ETc provided more vigorous D. alata Vog. seedlings.  The increase in water deficit reduced the seedling development.  The ideal irrigation level was estimated as 71% ETc, regardless the container, which provided DQI of 0.55.           Keywords: Dipteryx alata Vog., crop evapotranspiration, water deficit, Brush, native species.</jats:p