Analysis of Use of Organic Farming Practices among Rural fish Farmers in South-South Nigeria.

The paper focused on the use of organic farming practices amongst fish farmers in South-South Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used and three states (Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, and Delta) were randomly selected from the six states that make up South-South zone in Nigeria. Data for the study was obtained with a structured questionnaire administered to a sample size of one hundred and fifteen (115) fish farmers. Findings revealed that fish farmers were aware of six out of the fourteen organic farming practices listed. Use level was low in organic farming practices for fish. The result revealed that out of the fourteen (14) practices outlined, fish farmers engaged in the use of three of such practices. Farmers agreed to the use of eco-friendly design (x ̅ = 2.56 and SD = 0.86), site is far from polluting substances (x ̅ = 2.57 and SD =1.01) and pond protection from predators ((x ) ̅= 2.70 and SD = 0.89). From the result, the following were considered not being used; Management without growth hormones ((x ) ̅= 2.41 and SD = 0.89), antibiotics is used in critical cases where no other treatment would work ((x ) ̅= 1.97 and SD = 0.88), cultivate without genetic engineering (x ̅ = 2.21 and SD = 1.18), quality water source (x ̅= 2.14 and SD = 1.09), organic fertilizer (x ̅ = 1.89 and SD = 0.98), low stock density 10kg/m3 (x ̅= 1.62 and SD= 0.98), manage without synthetic appetizer and coloring (x ̅= 1.92 and SD= 1.78), poly-culture (x ̅= 1.98 and SD = 0.99), proper record keeping (x ̅ = 1.98 and SD = 1.10), use of resistant species (x ̅ = 2.43 and SD = 1.00) and natural treatment (homeopathy) (x ̅ = 1.86 and SD = 0.89). The low use of organic farming practices among fish farmers could be as a result of challenges or difficulties in carrying out such practices and lack of awareness of the dangers associated with the conventional practices. It is recommended therefore that training on organic fish production practices be emphasized in Extension activities

Efficacy of Low‑dose Suxamethonium in Reducing Induction Dose of Propofol for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Nigerian Adults

Background: Propofol is commonly used as a sole induction agent during laryngeal mask airway (LMA)  insertion, and additional doses are often required with systemic consequences. Objective: Our study evaluated the effect of 0.1 mg/kg suxamethonium on the dose of induction of propofol when used during insertion of LMA. Methodology: Eighty patients aged between 18 and 60 years were included in this prospective study. Patients undergoing elective  procedures under general anaesthesia with LMA and spontaneous ventilation were randomized into two groups. Patients in both groups were induced with an initial dose of 2.5 mg/kg of propofol; the control group (group P) and the second group (group S) received 5 ml of normal saline and 0.1 mg/kg of suxamethonium made up to 5 ml, respectively. The need for additional doses of propofol following  insertion of LMA was then assessed based on insertion conditions (ease of insertion, severity of airway response in terms of coughing, gagging, laryngospasm, and patient movement). The total dose of propofol required before successful insertion was recorded, as well as the incidence and duration of apnea post-induction. The pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at 0, 1, 3 and 5 min after insertion of LMA for each group. Results: The total dose of propofol required for successful LMA insertion was significantly lower in group S (2.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg) compared to group P (3.13 ± 0.49 mg/kg), P = 0.002. Haemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, MAP, PR, and SpO2) were well-controlled post-LMA insertion and were comparable between the two groups. Furthermore, no incidence of hypotension or bradycardia requiring intervention was observed at different time intervals, throughout the study period, in both groups. Conclusion: The dose of propofol is lesser when low‑dose suxamethonium (0.1 mg/kg) precedes its use for induction during LMA insertion, and there is a reduction in the duration of apnea; however, it causes a higher apnea incidence. Vital signs were similar in the two study groups

Some causes of mortalities in captive wild animals in Ibadan, Nigeria: a retrospective study

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the number of mortalities in wild animal species kept at University of Ibadan zoologicalgarden, Agodi zoological garden, Ibadan and wild animals kept in private homes in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria between 2007 and 2012. Causes of death were determined during post mortem examination at MokolaVeterinary Hospital, lbadan and the University of lbadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A total ofrzz deathswere reported during the study period. Annual increases in mortalities were reported while majority of the deaths occurred during the rainy season. There was a significant positive correlation between monthly mortalities and average monthly rainfall for Ibadan (r=0.62, P<0.05). The highest mortalities were reported in avians (29.13%),followed by reptiles (27.56%), primates (16.53%), carnivores (13.39%), rodents and ruminants (each with 6.30%) and porcine (0.79%), Causes of mortalities were unknown in more than 17%of the cases. The known major causes include, injuries (23.62%), Gastroenteritis/helminthosis (14.96%),invasion by soldier ants (9.45%), transportation stress (8.66%), old age (7·87%), malnutrition (6.30%), paralysis (3.15%), drowning (2.36%) and others (6.32%). To achieve significant reduction in mortalities ofcaptive wild animals, managers of zoological gardens should adopt proper housing and feeding, routine vaccination, deworming, hygiene and sanitation and seek prompt veterinary attention wben animals are sick.KEY WORDS: Wild animals, Mortalities, Injuries, zoo

The law and policy of financial regulation and deregulation of Nigerian banking system

This thesis is a study of banking regulation in Nigeria. It has three main objectives: to explain the evolution and impact of banking regulation after independence to discuss the reasons for the persistent failure of financial regulation; and to highlight the role of external agencies in Nigeria's financial system. The thesis offers a historical perspective on the developments in Nigerian banking regulation, but focuses mainly on the period after independence. It examines the economic and political theories that have influenced financial regulatory trends in Nigeria. It considers these theories in their political and legal context. The thesis does not embrace any theory in particular. Instead, its approach is pragmatic and comparative focusing on the interaction between legal, political and institutional factors that have influenced financial regulation in Nigeria. The study shows that the pre-liberalisation regulatory norms were repressive and inefficient. It argues that banking deregulation was introduced as an economic revolution devoid of necessary corresponding political and legal changes. The core destabilising factors are identified as inadequate regulatory powers, political corruption, political instability, legal instability, policy distortions, and incongruous laws. The complicity of the IMF and World Bank in this process is also discussed. Financial deregulation was prompted by predatory politics characteristic of the Nigerian state; yet, deregulation has aggravated the country's political instability and exacerbated prebendalism. The thesis discusses policy options to break this vicious circle

INDIGENOUS LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN EGBA ZONE OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the management of indigenous livestock in Egba zone of Ogun State using one hundred and forty four farmers and twenty Village Extension Agents. Data were collected with interview schedule and questionnaire respectively. The study revealed that indigenous livestock farmers were of average age of 48 years, mostly (77.8%) native of these communities sampled and literate (63.2%), more female (58.3%) and they were not cosmopolite (83.3%). Poultry, sheep and goats are mostly kept by indigenous livestock farmers, followed by cattle and pig, snail and rabbit by a few farmers. Most (66.7%) farmers raised their livestock on free range while few provided feeding and housing for their animals. Local materials were used for feeding, housing, and ethno-veterinary care for animals. Livestock farmers earned an average of twenty one thousand seven hundred and fifty naira monthly from their animals. The materials livestock farmers used included pawpaw seeds for deworming, lime and sandpaper leaf to control lice, sulphur, lime and palm oil to control mange; Iyeye leaves [Spondia mombin] for treatment of diarrhea in ruminants. Communication methods used in the diffusion of ethno-veterinary practices were town criers, traditional songs and festivals, folk tales, use of signs and symbols, life dramas and face-to-face interpersonal media while the sources of information were extension agents, community leaders, fellow farmers, neighbours, livestock traders, and farmers` union. Most important information came from fellow farmers. Indigenous livestock farmers should be involved in research and extension planning and regular visits to farmers by village extension agents is recommended. &nbsp

ANAEMIA AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE

 This study was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Respondents were two hundred         (200) female undergraduates who filled out their questionnaires properly and had their anthropometric         measurements and their matching blood samples taken. Haemoglobin concentration was determined        for each respondent using WHO standard and their nutritional status assessed using Body mass index              2         (wt/ht ).   Descriptive   statistics   was   used   to   analyze   data   from   the   questionnaires.   Results   from   this        study showed that more than half (59%) of the population were anaemic. Many (45%) of the students        were also underweight. It can be concluded that the low haemoglobin levels found among the students         may be as a result of low food consumption and the frequent consumption of tea.  Nutrition education         is recommended to improve nutritional status of the students&nbsp

Evaluation of Women Islamic Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

In recent time, women play important roles in virtually all fields of human endeavour such as politics, economy, religion, education, industrial relations and so on. Most specifically, the position of women to harness the fourth industrial revolution to foster the expected growth and development in the societies is sacrosanct. But Islamic religion prescribes a modus operandi which its followers should emulate at every stage of existence. On this premise, this paper evaluates the potential of women in Islamic education vis-à-vis the exigency of the fourth industrial revolution. Eleven fundamental and categorical statements from the holy Quran on women operations were interrogated as data. The principle of functional systemic analysis is applied to the said data. The findings show that women are restricted in a way, notwithstanding the global developmental exponentiality of the 4.0, they are to always take instructions from the men, they are less expected to make use of any kind of the 4.0’s technologies, etc. The paper concluded that for industrial revolution to witness more and more unmeasurable progress, teachers of women’s Islamic education should be efficiently charged to functions so as to bridge the gap between industrial revolution, 4.0 and the Islamic stand on women’s functionality

Land Hunger in Omo Forest Reserve, Area J4, Ogun State Prospects: Of Creating Harmony among Land Users

The study verified the extent of land hunger in Omo Forest Reserve, area J4, Ogun State, with a view to creating harmony among land users. Five villages/communities (Osoko, Aberu, Fowowa, Bashiru and Oloji) in Omo Forest Reserve, area J4, Ijebu East, Ogun State were selected for the study due to the level of their involvement in farming activities. Data was obtained using two set of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression at α = 0.05. A high level of land hunger was proven and its main causes (population increase and area of forest reservation) were identified. Good governance in the affairs of the reserve, followed by the empowerment of the people to have a say in the management of the forest reserve and a holistic land use policy, with odd ratios of 3.85, 2.73 and 2.37, respectively would highly influence the reduction of conflict between farmers and foresters in Omo Forest Reserve (J4). Keywords: conflict, harmonisation, land hunger, forest reservation and land use

Lithological Characterisation and Suitability of the Sub-Soils and Bedrocks Around Lapite Municipal Dumpsite as Liner Materials at Akinyele Area of Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Dumpsites are land areas assigned for solid waste deposition and accumulation that are liable to contaminate the sub-surface environment and underground water, hence; the underlying soils and bedrocks in such areas should be impervious to leachates plume. In this regard, the present study applied a total of forty-one vertical electrical soundings (VES) geophysical resistivity method to characterize the lithology of the subsurface soils and bedrocks around the Lapite dumpsite at Akinyele area of Ibadan. The aim is to assess the worth of the underlying natural materials as suitable liners for the dumpsite and the vulnerability of the area to leachate contamination. From the results, the dominant VES curve across the study area are the 3-layer H and the 4 – layer KH types characterised by more conductive middle sub-soil layer. The overburden thickness varied widely between 1.5 to 42.3 m, which is considered thick enough as liner materials for the dumpsite. The bedrock resistivities were 10 – 12,962 Ωm Ωm and there are more permeable fractured and weathered bedrocks than the fresh basement. From the lithologic characterisation, 52% of the saprolite layers are predominantly clayey and compacted lateritic clays that are classified as good materials for dumpsite liners. However, the dominant permeable bedrocks of about 76% occurrence are major concern that can substantially permit percolation of leachate and contaminated water into the underground environment despite the favourable overburden thickness and fairly good saprolite lithology. These geo-electric results are not suitable for further extension of the dumpsite. There may be the need to evacuate the dumps or provide suitable liners either by modifying the sub-soils or by providing artificial liners for the area in order to safeguard the safety of the underground water for human. Keywords: Dumpsites, leachate, liner, saprolite, bedrock DOI: 10.7176/JEES/15-2-05 Publication date: March 30th 202

Comparative Study of element composition of some honey samples in Ibadan metropolis

The study was carried out at the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan with seven honey samples were randomly selected within Ibadan metropolis, labeled as: Sample A (Forestry Honey), Sample B(Pure Honey), Sample C (Mr. Honey), Sample D (Taraba Honey), Sample E (Sokoto Honey), Sample F (Saki Honey), and Sample G (Natural Honey). The samples were then analysed at the chemical laboratory of the International Institute of Tropic Agriculture (IITA). The TXRF and infrared spectrophotometer techniques were used to measured elemental concentrations present in the sample. Eight elements – K, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Na – were analysed. The result showed the honey samples to be quite rich in minerals. Potassium was the most abundant element in the honey samples (range 6.629 – 7.744ppm) with a mean value of 7.029, followed by Na (range 0.86 – 1.13ppm) with a mean value of 1.03 and P (range 0.565 – 0.644ppm) with a mean of 0.605. Calcium ranges between 0.277 and 0.591ppm with a mean value of 0.384, while Mn has a range of 0.025-0.036ppm with a mean of 0.030, followed by Zn(range 0.02-0.03ppm) with a mean value of 0.03ppm. iron also ranges between 0.015 and 0.024ppm with a mean value of 0.018ppm, while Cu came last with a range of 0.001-0.003 and a mean value of 0.002ppm. The computation of the standard deviation shows Potassium to have a value of 0.344, Ca 0.078, P0.023, Fe0.003, Mn 0.003, Cu 0.001, Zn 0.006 and Na 0.476. In addition, the processed honey samples had more elemental concentrations than the unprocessed honeys. Nevertheless the results have shown that Nigeria honey samples are rich in mineral composition, hence the need for better processing method and packaging in order to achieve wide market and income both locally and internationally