Farmers perceptions of climate change related events in Shendam and Riyom, Nigeria

Although agriculture in Nigeria is the major source of income for about 70% of the active population, the impact of agrarian infrastructure on boosting productivity and supporting livelihoods has increased. Climate change and the increasing trend of climate-related events in Nigeria challenge both the stability of agrarian infrastructure and livelihood systems. Based on case studies of two local communities in Plateau state in Nigeria, this paper utilizes a range of perceptions to examine the impacts of climate-related events on agrarian infrastructures and how agrarian livelihood systems are, in turn, affected. Data are obtained from a questionnaire survey (n = 175 farmers) and semi-structured interviews (n = 14 key informants). The study identifies local indicators of climate change, high risks climate events and the components of agrarian infrastructures that are at risk from climate events. Findings reveal that, changes in rainfall and temperature patterns increase the probability of floods and droughts. They also reveal that, although locational differences account for the high impact of floods on road transport systems and droughts on irrigation infrastructures, both have a chain of negative effects on agricultural activities, economic activities and livelihood systems. A binomial logistic regression model is used to predict the perceived impact levels of floods and droughts, while an in-depth analysis is utilized to corroborate the quantitative results. The paper further stresses the need to strengthen the institutional capacity for risk reduction through the provision of resilient infrastructures, as the poor conditions of agrarian infrastructure were identified as dominant factors on the high impact levels

Derivative-Based Analysis of Institutional Quality, Resource Abundance, and Economic Growth Dynamics

This paper delves into the intricate nexus between institutional quality, natural resource abundance, and economic growth through derivative-based mathematical analysis. Utilizing a framework represented by G=Rα* Qβ, the study explores how institutional dynamics sculpt growth trajectories. The first derivative  delineates economic growth’s sensitivity to institutional changes, while the second derivative unveils curvature in growth dynamics. The synthesis of findings illuminates resonance or hindrances in growth due to institutional shifts. Theoretical insights highlight the transformative role of robust institutions in mitigating the resource curse. Policy implications emphasize resource revenue diversification, institutional fortification, human capital investment, environmental sustainability, and long-term vision. Limitations acknowledge the model’s simplification and call for expanded dimensions and empirical validation. This derivative-based approach, while potent, prompts further refinement for a comprehensive understanding of economic complexities

Do Pediatric Medical Subspecialty Residents Experience Moral Distress?

Moral distress is a human experience arising when an individual knows what is ethically appropriate but is unable to carry out that action due to institutional constraints. It affects healthcare professions when there is a psychological disequilibrium and can lead to burnout. In this research, descriptive phenomenology was used to investigate whether pediatric subspecialty residents experience moral distress. The results indicate that they do experience moral distress for reasons including issues regarding futile treatment, barriers that prevent effective communication, inadequate resources and strenuous relationships with parents of patients. Residents in this study cope with moral distress by talking with colleagues or senior staff members about the difficult situations they encountered. Recommendations from this research include the introduction of regular rounds sessions to deal with difficult cases and regular orientations on support services available to medical subspecialty residents

Adopting E-Learning for In-Service Training of Nigeria’s Public Servant

.</jats:p

Delving deeper into the agricultural transformation and youth employment nexus: The Nigerian case

Youth employment is not an entirely new topic for research and policy. Recent estimates from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2013a) suggest that high and rising unemployment rates among youth remain a key challenge to global development, especially in the developing world. This is particularly important in sub-Saharan Africa where about 85 percent of youth (defined by the ILO as all those between the ages of 15 and 24 years) are poor, 70 percent live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source for their income and subsistence, and 11 million youth are expected to enter the labor market every year for the next decade (World Bank 2014). These characteristics of youth in sub-Saharan Africa justify the centrality of the nexus between youth employment and agriculture in formulating development policy on the continent. At the same time, youth unemployment is currently one of the issues receiving attention at the top of the global development agenda.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; DCA; D Transforming Agriculture; NSSPDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

An analysis of Ethiopian pastoralist households

Non-PRIFPRI3DSG

Transforming Nigerian agriculture in the context of a green economy: financing challenges, opportunities and mechanisms

Concern is growing about green economy in the country on account of the bourgeoning population with rising poverty and increasing risk of food insecurity and environmental degradation and in consonance with the renewed emphasis being given to the phenomenon all over the world. Although the agricultural sector has demonstrated improved performance since the inception of ATA in 2011, financing bottlenecks remain; and the major concern is the lack of emphasis on green finance. This paper advocates for financing mechanisms to support a transformation agenda that moves agriculture away from activities that are nature degrading and environment polluting to those that are nature preserving and environment friendly. It argues that an agricultural financing framework to engender a green economy in Nigeria must be pursued within the context of sustainable development and poverty alleviation in which the integration between economic, social and environmental pillars of development are recognized and reinforced. Specifically, the paper examines the gaps between agricultural transformation and green finance in Nigeria, identifies the constraints and opportunities for green agriculture financing and articulates appropriate financing mechanisms. These include value chain financing to support integrated farming systems, support for organic agriculture by NIRSAL, financing of product and agricultural system certification, financing the monitoring of natural resource exploitation and restoration, financing the development of climate change buffers, inter-agency collaboration in financing desert encroachment and restoration of degraded land and mainstreaming green finance in the implementation of the staple crop processing zone component of ATA. In conclusion, the paper calls for the crafting of a “green-print” for a green agricultural economy – a well-informed policy layout for greening agricultural growth in Nigeria with an implementation plan to serve as the solid investment foundation required for the industrialization of the Nigerian economy