STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DALAM MENGURANGI STEREOTIPE NEGATIF TERHADAP SUKU BATAK DI RUSUNAWA KEUDAH, BANDA ACEH

ABSTRAKCangkang pala (Myristica fragrans) merupakan salah satu limbah yang diolah menjadi adsorben logam berat. Pada penelitian ini cangkang pala yang digunakan sebagai adsorben Cr (II) telah diaktivasi dengan larutan ZnCl2 1 M pada beberapa variasi waktu aktivasi. Adsorpsi ion logam krom (Cr (NO3)2) oleh arang aktif berlangsung cukup baik pada semua kondisi. Pada waktu pembakaran 2 jam, serapan minimum sebesar 98,90% terjadi pada waktu aktivasi menit ke-60 dengan waktu kontak 90 menit dan serapan terbaik terjadi pada pada waktu aktivasi 15 menit dengan waktu kontak 45 menit, dimana serapan ion logam krom (Cr (NO3)2) mencapai 100%. Sementara itu pada pembakaran 4 jam, serapan minimum sebesar 98,79% terjadi pada waktu aktivasi 30 menit dengan waktu kontak 45 menit dan serapan terbaik terjadi pada pada waktu aktivasi 30 menit dengan waktu kontak 90 menit, dimana serapan ion logam krom (Cr (NO3)2) mencapai 100%. Proses adsorpsi ion logam krom (Cr (NO3)2) sudah dapat berlangsung secara efektif pada pembakaran arang selama 2 jam. Kata Kunci: Logam berat, Myristica fragrans, Uji adsorpsiABSTRACTShell of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is one of the waste that is processed into heavy metal adsorbent. In this study, nutmeg shells used as adsorbent of Cr (II) has been activated with a solution of 1 M ZnCl2 activation time in several variations. Adsorption of metal ions chromium (Cr (NO3)2) by activated charcoal lasted quite well in all conditions. At the time of the burning of 2 hours, a minimum of 98.90% uptake occurs at the time of activation of the 60th minute with a contact time of 90 minutes and the best absorption occurs at the activation time of 15 minutes with a contact time of 45 minutes, where the uptake of metal ions chromium (Cr (NO3)2) to reach 100%. Mean while, the burning of 4 hours, a minimum of 98.79% uptake occurs at activation time 30 minutes with a 45 minute contact time and the best absorption occurs at the activation time of 30 minutes with a contact time of 90 minutes, where the uptake of metal ions chromium (Cr (NO3)2) reaches 100%. The process of adsorption of metal ions chromium (Cr (NO3)2) was able to take place effectively at burning charcoal for 2 hours. Keywords: Heavy metals, Myristica fragrans, adsorptio

Mucosal Mast Cells Contribution in Intestinal Defense of Chickens (Gallus Domesticus) Infected Naturally by Ascaridia Galli

This study was aimed at finding out the investigation of mucosal mast cells in intestines of chicken that were naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. Amount of ten intestine of freshly slaughtered chickens (Gallus domesticus) found from local abatoir in Banda Aceh were divided into two groups containing five intestines of each. Mucosal mast cells count were done of which histologic slides were made in stained serial histological sections with Alcian blue (pH 0,3) and Safranin-O (pH 0,1) of the intestines. The result showed that the mucosal mast cells increased significantly (P < 0.05) in intestines of chickens infected naturally by survival A. galli adult worms. It was concluded that the intestinal defense of chickens against parasite infection is associated with the mucosal mast cells contribution by creating an environment hostile to the establishment and survival of intestinal nematodes, A. galli

Natural Clay yang Dimodifikasi Nikel dan Aplikasi Katalitik Untuk Produksi FAME : Efek Support dan Prekursor Nikel

This study was conducted to investigate the use of nickel modified clay as heterogeneous catalyst for the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from crude palm oil (CPO). The catalyst was prepared by Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on clay under controlled conditions. The results of X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) indicated that Ni2+- exchanged cation modified on support of clay. The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that support of clay with characteristic of kaolinite mineral. Effect of supports of clay (h-clay and c/h-clay) and effect of nickel precursors (nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate) on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction of CPO were investigated. The obtained data showed that transesterification processes at oil/methanol ratio of 1 : 6, reaction temperature of 85 oC, catalyst/methanol ratio of 1 : 10, and reaction time of 4 h produced yield of 51,19% FAME, 1,9% FAME, 4,74% FAME, and 47,8% FAME for catalytic performance of h-clay, c/h-clay, h-clay/Ni-Sulfate and h-clay/Ni-Nitrate, respectively. Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on h-clay prepared using two different precursors, nickel nitrate indicating higher catalytic activity than nickel sulfate.This study was conducted to investigate the use of nickel modified clay as heterogeneous catalyst for the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from crude palm oil (CPO). The catalyst was prepared by Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on clay under controlled conditions. The results of X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) indicated that Ni2+- exchanged cation modified on support of clay. The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that support of clay with characteristic of kaolinite mineral. Effect of supports of clay (h-clay and c/h-clay) and effect of nickel precursors (nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate) on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts in the transesterification reaction of CPO were investigated. The obtained data showed that transesterification processes at oil/methanol ratio of 1 : 6, reaction temperature of 85 oC, catalyst/methanol ratio of 1 : 10, and reaction time of 4 h produced yield of 51,19% FAME, 1,9% FAME, 4,74% FAME, and 47,8% FAME for catalytic performance of h-clay, c/h-clay, h-clay/Ni-Sulfate and h-clay/Ni-Nitrate, respectively. Ni2+- exchanged cation supported on h-clay prepared using two different precursors, nickel nitrate indicating higher catalytic activity than nickel sulfate

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Enkapsulat Katalis Nikel (II) pada Silika Mesopori Modifikasi

Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 was synthesized for heterogeneous catalyst. The boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica BF3/MCM-41 was studied to investigate its ability as supporting agent in heterogeneous catalysis system. For this purpose, the structural directing agent remaining in as-synthesis MCM-41 removed by solvent extraction. Surface modification of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with aniline and boron trifluoride was carried out. Then, the surface of boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica was subjected to an encapsulation with Ni(II) ions. These solid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the FTIR spectra of the modified silica mesoporous, the presence of vibration band >Si-O-B confirm the success of modification of support. While, the shifting of the vibration band >Si-O-Si< is considered an indication of the proof of Ni(II) species onto the modified mesoporous silica. From the SEM photograph, it can be seen that the morphology of the Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 tend to form aggregates of smaller particles. Based on measurement of metal content by AAS, it was known that the value of metal loading is 33%. While for the leaching test, Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 lost only 0.014 % of Ni metal. It indicates the stability of the interaction between the N(II) and support of the modified mesoporous silica

Studi Pendahuluan Uji Aktivitas Katalitik Katalis Montmorillonit K-10 Yang Dimodifikasi Cu2+

The current study examines the catalytic activity of Cu2+-exchanged cation montmorillonite K-10 (MMT K-10) catalyst, which synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray fluoressence (XRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used for characterizing the newly synthesis catalyst. The effect of thermal activation on the support of MMT K-10 with a modifier Cu investigated on its catalytic performance for conversion waste cooking oil to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by transesterification reaction. Synthesis biodiesel was further characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The biodiesel was obtained at transesterification reaction conditions: 3% (w/w) catalyst loading, molar ratio of oil to methanol = 1:10, and 3 h of reaction time at 90°C. The yield of FAME of WCO for MMT K-10, MMT K-10/Cu2+, MMT K-10 (activation 110°C)/Cu2+, MMT K-10 (activation 300°C)/Cu2+ catalysts were the 9,47%; 10,36%; 10,41%; and 12,01% of FAME, respectively. This study exhibites that the activation of thermal on the support MMT K-10 which modified by Cu2+ leads to reduction of the crystal size. The decreasing crystal size contributes on increasing catalytic performance of the heterogeneous catalyst.Studi ini menguji aktivitas katalitik katalis Cu2+-exchanged cation montmorillonit K-10 (MMT K-10) yang disintesis melalui metode hidrotermal. Katalis heterogen hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan X-ray fluoressence (XRF) dan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pengaruh aktivasi termal terhadap support MMT K-10 yang mengandung modifier Cu diuji kinerja katalitiknya pada konversi minyak jelantah (Waste Cooking Oil) untuk produksi fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. FAME (biodisel) hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi melalui Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Kondisi reaksi transesterifikasi yang diaplikasikan adalah sebagai berikut: jumlah katalis 3% (b/b), rasio molar minyak berbanding metanol = 1:10, dan temperatur reaksi pada 90°C selama 3 jam. Rendemen yang dihasilkan oleh kinerja katalis MMT K-10, MMT K-10/Cu2+, MMT K-10 (aktivasi 110°C)/Cu2+, dan MMT K-10 (aktivasi 300°C)/Cu2+ adalah sebagai berikut: 9,47%; 10,36%; 10,41%; dan 12,01% FAME. Studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa aktivasi termal terhadap support MMT K-10 yang dimodifikasi Cu2+ berdampak pada ukuran kristal yang semakin kecil. Pereduksian ukuran kristal ini berkontribusi meningkatkan kinerja katalitik katalis heterogen

Inhibition of Salmonella SP. Growth in Comparison with Antibiotics and Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) Squeeze

The purpouse of this study to examine antibiotics inhibition growth of Salmonella sp. isolated from feces of broiler chickens to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and tetracycline in coparison with pineapple squeeze. Swab sample from broiler chicken cloaca was cultured to nutrient broth media and incubated at 37°C temperature for 24 hours. Culture was compared with Mc Farland 3 standardization, and separated on surface of Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Antibiotic sensitivity was tested by mean of chloramphenicol, gentamisin, and tetrasiklin in coparison with pineapple squeeze. The antibiotic disks (Oxoid) were put on the surface of MHA media which had inoculated with Salmonella sp. bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined based on formation of inhibition zone in surrounding of antibiotic disc. The result showed that Salmonella sp. bacteria growth was inhibited in ≥ 21 mm and ≥ 18 mm, ≥ 7 mm and ≥ 9 mm against chloramphenicol, gentamisin, tetrasiklin, and pineapple squeeze respectively. This research concluded that the Salmonella sp. cultured in this manner were sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamisin. The inhibition growth of Salmonella sp. caused by chloramphenicol and gentamicin was significantly higher in comparison with pineapple (Ananas comosus) squeeze, meanwhile the Salmonella sp. bacteria was resistance against tetracycline. Our result suggest that both antibiotics chloramphenicol and gentamicin were recommended for antibiotic therapy in Salmonella sp. infection

The Classification of Diffeomorphism Classes of Real Bott Manifolds

A real Bott manifold (RBM) is obtained as the orbit space of the n-torus T^n by a free action of an elementary abelian 2-group ZZ_2^n. This paper deals with the classification of some particular types of RBMs of dimension n, so that we know the number of diffeomorphism classes in such RBMs