Exposé du projet à la cinquième Commission de la Société des Nations

Notre commission est saisie par l'assemblée d'un projet très intéressant dû à l'initiative généreuse du président de la Croix-Rouge italienne, M. le sénateur Ciraolo. Ce projet proclame la nécessité d'une organisation international destinée à participer à l'œuvre de secours en faveur des peuples frappés par des calamité

Research Ethics and Institutional Review Boards in the Social Sciences Ador Revelar Torneo

Many countries around the world are beset by the democratic recession, and Southeast Asia is no exception to that. Series of events show that Southeast Asian electoral democracies are receding back to full authoritarianism, and such a phenomenon requires academic attention to investigate its pattern. This paper explores the impact of Chinese patronage on Southeast Asian democracy and argues that its economic and normative support of autocrats enable the continuation of an authoritarian turn in Southeast Asia. Two cases of the Philippines and Cambodia unravel how Chinese patronage leads to autocrats’ disregard for liberal pressures. The logic is twofold. First, economic support enables them to maintain performance- based legitimacy and resume planned policies in the face of democratic states’ sanctions. Second, normative endorsement raises the hurdle of liberal actors to sanction autocrats by changing international audiences’ empirical expectations of the admissibility of strongman leadership. This paper contributes to the literature by incorporating a normative lens into the discussion of the continued democratic recession in Southeast Asia

Review of legislations guiding towards a sustainable food system : role of agroforestry in the EU

This thesis explores various ways on how European Union legislatives impact the transformation towards environmentally friendly agriculture, through focusing on agroforestry as well as biodiversity. This literature review highlights on some major legal structures, assistance mechanism and implementation inadequacies though qualitative analyses of academic papers, legislation documents and European Union official reports. The study leads to an understanding of the European Union legislations and initiatives represents an adequate foundation though their widespread adoption has been hampered institutional barriers. Though incentive system based on performance, outreach to farmers, inclusion of agricultural training and education are some of the solutions for fulfilling the gaps within the policy and practice

The identification of music teaching strategies among music teachers during COVID-19 pandemic / Joan Ador

The Malaysian government has announced a nationwide lockdown from March 18, 2020, until March 31, 2020, due to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the nationwide lockdown continues after March 31, 2020, and this affects the education sector. Thus, the education ministry introduces home-based teaching and learning (Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah - PdPR). Due to the pandemic, music teachers in Malaysia have to adapt to new teaching strategies. Teachers are given the option of either online (synchronous or asynchronous) or offline learning in home-based teaching and learning. The purpose of this study was to identify different types of strategies used in teaching music during the pandemic and the issues that arise in distance learning or home-based teaching and learning. A content analysis of eight materials (secondary research publications) found the strategies for teaching theory lessons such as history include either online or offline teaching. Online learning might not be the best choice for homebased teaching and learning for practical-based lessons like instrumental lessons and ensemble lessons. But numerous teachers have reported success with these strategies. Teachers also use Google Classroom to give assignments and use students' individual recordings for practical-based assessment. The issues related to home-based teaching and learning mostly come from students with low socioeconomic status, and the most popular issues are related to technology

A Comparative Study on Biomass Fuel Consumption, Collection and Preference Patterns by Rural Households of Forest and Non-Forest Areas in Northern Bangladesh

Biomass fuel is the most important form of renewable energy in many parts of the world including Bangladesh. Its extraction is considered as a leading cause of forest degradation of developing countries like Bangladesh. Its consumption, collection and preference patterns are thus very important indicators of overexploitation of forest. On the other hand, forests are meager in mainly northern region of Bangladesh. Reliable data and information are scanty on biomass fuel in Bangladesh, particularly in formulating its proper management plan. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study on the aforesaid patterns in forest and non-forest areas of northern region of Bangladesh. The study was carried out by adaptive multistage random sampling technique. A total of 90 households (45 from forest area, 45 from non-forest area) were selected randomly and based on the monthly income the households were categorized into rich, medium, poor groups. The consumption of biomass fuel was found to be differed significantly between forest (2.10 kg/capita/day) and non-forest (1.71 kg/capita/day) area. Forest, market, agriculture, homestead and roadside plantation were identified as sources of biomass fuel, and the contribution of each sources varied significantly between the areas except market. In forest area, maximum amount of biomass fuel was collected from nearby forests (44%) and poor households collected 78% of biomass fuels from the same sources. In non-forest area, roadside plantation (31%) and homesteads (24%) were the major sources of biomass fuel, and poor households collected biomass fuel mainly from roadside plantations (75%). Stems, branches, leaves, agricultural residues and cow dung were used as biomass fuel in both areas but the consumption of each biomass fuel types varied significantly except leaves. Women were identified as major biomass fuel collector and most of the biomass fuel was found to be collected during morning to noon in both areas. Most commonly used fuelwood species was Shorea robusta in forest area and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in non-forest area. The findings of this study will help policymakers to take steps in halting deforestation as well as meeting the villager’s needs for biomass fuel.   Keywords: Bangladesh, biomass fuel, forest degradation, fuelwood, homesteads, natural forest