FLOW ASSURANCE OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IN NATURAL GAS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS IN NIGERIA AND ITS MODELING USING OLGA AND PVTSIM SIMULATORS

The challenges associated with natural gas Pipeline flow assurance is an increasingly important issue as the world supply for natural gas expands, and is expected to rise more strongly to match the global demand for a cleaner energy. Flow assurance challenges in pipelines include hydrate formation, paraffin wax deposition, asphaltene deposition, sand deposits, black powder, and on the wall of pipelines, all of which obstruct the flow of well fluids and associated produced hydrocarbons. This study addressed these flow assurance concerns from a technical view by quantifying the threats and establishing appropriate mitigation schemes, leading to designed solutions and operational procedures. Modeling and simulation approach was adopted to achieve the overall aim. The simulation software tools PVTsim and OLGA were used for both steady state and dynamic states. The phase envelope investigation indicates that the cricondentherm within the constraint of the delivery temperature. The slugging analysis, indicates that hydrodynamic slugging will not be predominant for the pipeline operations at the design flow rate of 30MMscfd along Alakiri – Obigbo, and at 70MMscfd along the Obigbo Tie-in - Intermediate scrap station; as the flow regimes are mainly stratified for both pipeline systems. From the hydrate analysis investigated, after a shutdown period (no-touch time); hydrate threat is envisaged during the shutdown period of the Intermediate scraper trap – ALSCON along pipeline system, since the temperature drops to the hydrate formation temperature

AN EXAMINATION OF ‘MARRIAGE’ AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN NIGERIA

Ordinarily, marriage is a union of spouses in a consensual and contractual relationshiprecognized by law .It is an intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman whichcomes to us from God. What is known as marriage differs appreciably in tune with differentreligious institutions, cultures and legal regimes. Under any of these, marriage is the basis forfamily creations and ties, while the family forms the unit of the society. The quest for the respectof human rights of women has occupied world agenda for many decades now and theaberrations even though gradually ending, still persist in some cultures, Nigeria inclusive. TheConstitution is a baseline for human rights protection and these rights are outlined in Chapter IVand II of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This paper seeks to examinethe various forms of marriages in Nigeria and how far they have eroded or protected, the humanrights of women in Nigeria using the doctrinal methodology and comparative analysis as toolswith case law, authorities from experts and internet materials as sources

Appraisal of the Legal and Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Corporate Decision-Making in Nigeria

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the decision-making paradigm across various industries,transforming the way businesses operate and make strategic choices. This technological advancement,characterized by machines simulating human cognitive functions, offers numerous benefits, including enhancedefficiency, accuracy and informed decision-making. However, as AI integrates into corporate decision-makingprocesses, its adoption raises significant legal and ethical concerns that warrant critical examination. This paperemployed a doctrinal research methodology to appraise the legal and ethical implications of AI adoption incorporate decision-making in Nigeria. The findings of this paper revealed a significant lack of a comprehensivelegal and ethical framework to govern AI in Nigerian Corporations, exacerbating the risks associated with AIintegration. This paper therefore recommended the enactment of a comprehensive regulatory framework to mitigatethe risks and harness the benefits of Artificial Intelligent in corporate decision-making in Nigeria

Protection of minority shareholders under Nigerian Company Law

The protection of the minority shareholders within the domain of corporate activity constitutes one of the most difficult problems facing modern company law. The aim must be to strike a balance between the effective control of the company and the interest of the small and individual shareholders. As such, a proper balance of the rights of majority and minority shareholders is essential for the smooth functioning of the company. This study examined the provisions of Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990, on the legal protection of the minority shareholders in company management with a view of exposing its strength and weaknesses. Doctrinal method of research was used in this study which entails looking at the law as it is and considering the general principles underpinning the law. This study found out among other things that company meetings have been provided as an important tool for minority shareholders protection in Nigeria but that has been circumvented through the system of voting adopted especially in the election of directors that makes it difficult if not impossible for minority shareholders to elect their representative on the board of directors and also the shareholders or their proxies physical attendance at the meeting. It is therefore recommended among others that the Companies and Allied Matters Act should provide for mandatory cumulative voting system and electronic participation of shareholders or their proxies at the company’s meetings.Keywords: Minority shareholders, Company Law, Nigeria, Protection, Companies and Allied Matters Ac

PROBLEMS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA AND THE APPLICABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

The use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes in criminal matters is a relatively new phenomenon and the increased interest in the application of ADR processes to the criminal justice was borne from a general dissatisfaction with traditional adversarial methods of dispute resolution. The Nigeria criminal justice system is characterized with unnecessary adjournment and delays as a result of the flood of litigation overflowing its dockets as the demand for adjudication exceeds the capacity of the Courts to deliver justice in a timely manner. The prisons are congested and in highly deplorable conditions. This paper examines the application of ADR mechanisms insolving these problems of the administration of criminal justice system in Nigeria. ADR has the potential become a key tool for improving the poor state of criminal justice delivery in the country

Can Locally Developed Institutions Promote the Management of Farmer Led Irrigation Development? Lessons from Nyando Sub County, Western Kenya

Institutions are considered crucial for any irrigation enterprise to thrive, this is because they enable ordered thought and provide a framework for how irrigation will be carried out. The past decade has shown an intensification in irrigation development in Kenya with the government seeking to expand the area under irrigation. However, this expansion is expected to take place in the mainstream irrigation forms recognized by the government. Farmer Led Irrigation Development (FLID) is an alternative form of irrigation that is growing significantly and is already contributing to the area under irrigation and yet remains unacknowledged by policymakers. In FLID, farmers oversee their irrigation enterprise making decisions on the how, the what, the where, and the when. Its growth is spontaneous and to a larger extent seems unplanned. There is a lack of understanding of the institutions within which FLID operates and how the use of water and the attendant infrastructure is managed. In this paper, the theory of institutional bricolage is adopted to analyze whether locally developed institutions can promote the management of FLID. Using household interviews, KIIs, and FGDs data, the study identifies the institutions operating in the study area, their functions, and how farmers have adapted to the vacuum left by these institutions. The study finds that despite the existence of irrigation schemes in the area that have formal structures in place, their scope does not cover FLID and farmers have thus been forced to come up with their institutions in a patchwork of the old and new. These have been formed through institutional bricolage, which shapes and reshapes both bureaucratic and socially embedded institutions to develop hybrid institutions. The study concludes that there are different categories of institutions in the area; bureaucratic which have failed to acknowledge FLID, socially embedded in which the farmers are involved daily, and hybrid institutions which is a combination of bot

Knowledge, Attitudes And Sexual Practices Of University Students For Advancing Peer HIV Education

Objective: To determine the current HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Sexual Practices (KASP) indicators among university students that would facilitate development and implementation of a peer education programme and the subsequent monitoring and evaluation of other HIV/AIDS activities.Design: An institutional based cross-sectional study.Setting: Maseno University, Kenya.Subjects: Five hundred students composed of 60% males and 40% females as dictated by the university’s male to female ratio.Main outcome measures: Levels of HIV and AIDS awareness, knowledge and attitudes and the current related behavioural trends and tendencies, among the students at the University.Results: Of the five hundred respondents included in the study, 68.5% of them reported having ever had sexual intercourse, with males being the majority at 78.2%, while the females were 54.7%. A large majority (77%) of females were in current sexual relationships compared to 66.7% of males. A significant proportion (54.8%) of first year students reported having had their first sexual intercourse at the university. Sexualactivity was seen to increase from 56.9 to 71.2% among the first year students when they got to second year of study at the university. Peer pressure emerged as an important factor in students’ sexual behaviour (P=0.001). Of the students, 32% reported having undergone HIV tests, 70.8% were willing to go for a test while 74.3% perceived theyhad a chance of being infected with the virus based on their previous risky sexual experiences. A significant 77.7% of the respondents affirmed having ever used condoms but only 15.8% reported consistent use.Conclusion: High proportions of students are sexually active with peaks in first and second years of study. This is coupled with an equal inconsistent use of condoms. Peer influence emerged as an important feature in accelerating risky sexual behaviour hence the need for advancing peer education programmes in universities.

Cidofovir for the Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Review of the Literature

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90089/1/phco.2005.25.7.977.pd

Nigeria’s Unity, Development and Civil Society: The Imperative of Good Governance

Before the arrival of the British imperialist, there was no united entity called Nigeria. There was also nothing like political infrastructure known as “regions”. Nigeria comprises of about 250 ethnic groups who were doing things as entity of their own before the British colonizers integrated Nigeria to be one. The merger could be described as “forced union”. The introduction of indirect rule by the British imperial master orchestrated divide and rule in Nigeria, it also gave rise to ethnic consciousness. It is on this backdrop that this study evaluated the role of governance in Nigeria’s unity with a view to identifying the areas of problems. Survey research method was adopted. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using Z-test. Myriads of factors were identified as responsible for disunity and separatist agitation in Nigeria. The factors were critically discussed and suggestions proffered. Essentially it is the position of the paper that there should be reduction of scarcity and inequality through revolutionary development. Development which should be predicated on equity and fairness. The rotation of power to ensure that all ethnic groups are given opportunity is also recommended. Also the paper recommended that the emphasis on ethnicity/tribe or place of origin in official forms should be abolished