Life-history Traits of Stethorus Gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Phytophagous Mites Eutetranychus Orientalis Klein (Acari : Tetranychidae)

The research aims to know the life cycle, feeding and mating behavior of predatory beetle S. gilvifrons, and was conducted at entomology laboratory of Assessment Institute for agri-cultural technology Malang - East Java. The treatments involved feeding behavior and capacity of the various instars and imago of S. gilvifrons. The number of mites consumed within 24 hours by each stage of beetle was also recorded. The average voracity of five individual predators for each instar was determined. The result showed that average life cycle of S. gilvifrons feed on E. orientalis was 4.11 + 0.78; 8 + 1.10; 3.83 + 0.41, respectively for egg, larva and pupa. The predator caught the preys from the front side, then chewed and sucked the body contents of adult preys or consumed the whole egg. The feeding capacity was greater in egg-laying than that in non egg-laying females and males. The smallest size of the cage (1.5 cm diameter x 5 cm long) and clear weather were the most preferred situation for S. gilvifrons mating, which usually occurs on the upper leaf surface. The male positioned itself over the female body and extended its aedeagus to reach the female

Identifikasi Tungau Fitofag Dan Predator Jeruk Mandarin Pada Berbagai Fase Tumbuh

. Affandi. 2007. Identification of Phytophagous and Predatory Mites on Mandarin Citrus at Different Growth Stages. The study specifically pursued the following objectives (1) to conduct a survey of phytophagous and predatory, (2) to determine the distribution and abundance of these mites in different growth stages at arboreal plant parts. A purposive sampling survey method was conducted at 6 growth stages of Mandarin citrus orchard at Aripan Research Station of the Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute, Solok, West Sumatera on September 2003 to July 2004. The results showed that there were 6 species of phytophagous mites collected from the canopy of citrus during the survey, namely Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu, B. phoenicis (Geijskes), Tenuipalpus sp., Eotetranychus sp., and Panonychus citri McGregor. On the other hand, 15 species of predatory mites were also found and mostly dominated by family Ascidae, Phytoseiidae, Cunaxidae, and Cheyletidae. However, predatory mites Lasioseius pitimini and Asca longiseta were the most frequent and abundance. Observation on the population development of phytophagous mites at various growth stages of citrus indicated that fruit development phase II (Fdp II) was the most preferred, followed by Fdp I, dormant, flush, flowering, and Fdp III was the least preferred. Positive correlation was also shown between the population development of the phytophagous and predatory mites at each growth stage. Results of this research was useful to determine exact time for controlling phytophagous mites. Furthermore, the availability information of potential predatory mites on citrus orchard can be used as biological control

Age Structure and Sex Ratio of Thrips Scirtothrips Dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) Associate with Mango Agroecosystem in East Java, Indonesia

A research aimed to investigate the age structure and sex ratio of S. dorsalis Hood in mango agroecosystem was conducted at PT. Trigatra Rajasa farm, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia. The research was started from April to May 2013. A Completely Randomized Design, Analysis of Variance and Least Significant Difference were used to design, knew the variance and significantly different among the treatment, respectively. Thirteen mango trees set in cross section were sampled and observed for the presence of S. dorsalis including weeds under the mango canopy and four cardinal directions of border. A weekly sample was done for four weeks. The result showed that instar one and adult were preferred to associate with weeds under the mango canopy and borders compare to mango leaves except second instar. Further, observation was presented that all the age structures were given equal male female sex ratio. Based on total population numbers, there wasn't significantly difference of age structure and sex ratio of S. dorsalis associate with weeds inside the orchard including mango leaves and borders. Twenty seven species of weeds were discovered associate with mango agroecosystem and comprehensively discused based on the most dominance and preferred by S. dorsalis

GAME CENTRE DI YOGYAKARTA (Transformasi Game DotA Warcraft III The Frozen Throne)

Game atau permainan merupakan sesuatu hal yang tidak dapat terlepas dari kegiatan seseorang pada umumnya, baik sebagai hiburan, penghilang stress maupun hal lainnya. Video Games adalah salah satu alat atau perangkat yang digunakan dalam memainkan game tersebut. Seiring perkembangan jaman, kini dikenal game on-line yang banyak menyita perhatian dan minat bagi para pencinta game itu sendiri untuk terlibat dalam penggunaannya. Perkembangan game on-line yang semakin pesat menjadi sebuah fenomena yang hadir di Indonesia. Seakan tidak ingin ketinggalan, banyak masyarakat dari kalangan anak-anak, remaja, dewasa hingga orang tua seakan terhipnotis kedalamnya. Hal ini turut berdampak pada kegiatan yang hadir disekitarnya, menjadi lahan bisnis dalam memenuhi kebutuhan akan tuntutan para pengguna game tersebut. Sebagai wadah yang menampung segala kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh para pencinta dan pengguna game, pengadaan akan fasilitas tersebut semakin diperlukan. Inilah yang menjadi dasar hingga banyaknya bermunculan tempat-tempat hiburan yang menyediakan layanan jasa dalam penggunaan game tersebut berupa Game Centre . Diharapkan, Game Centre yang ada dapat menampung segala aktifitas tuntutan maupun kegiatan seseorang yang menggunakannya hingga merasa nyaman untuk berada di dalamnya

Koleksi dan Identifikasi Tungau Predator (Ascidae: Asca) Serta Kelimpahannya pada Ekosistem Jeruk Mandarin

. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tungau predator genus Asca dan kelimpahannya pada ekosistem jeruk mandarin. Survei dilakukan pada kebun jeruk mandarin di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, Solok, Sumatera Barat menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2003 sampai Juli 2004. Hasil penelitian telah berhasil mengoleksi dan mengidentifikasi 18 spesies tungau predator genus Asca dengan jumlah total 3.919 ekor. Di antara tungau predator tersebut, spesies Asca longiseta, A. labrusca, A. vulgaris, A. butuanensis, dan A. breviseta merupakan spesies yang paling berlimpah jumlahnya secara berurutan dari yang tertinggi sampai yang terendah. Habitat gulma di bawah kanopi tanaman jeruk merupakan habitat yang paling disukai oleh tungau predator genus Asca (rerata 2,33/sampel) daripada habitat kanopi tanaman jeruk (rerata 0,75/sampel) dan serasah di bawah kanopi tanaman jeruk (rerata 0,51/sampel). Di antara tanaman gulma, tungau predator genus Asca paling banyak ditemukan pada jenis gulma Chromolaena odorata dengan populasi rerata 5 tungau predator per sampel (75 g). Tungau predator cenderung migrasi ke habitat gulma saat populasi mangsa pada kanopi tanaman jeruk rendah. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tungau predator khususnya genus Asca yang berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati terhadap tungau fitofag

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON EFL TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT

The terms project-based learning (PjBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) are each used to describe a range of instructional strategies. The breadth of their respective definitions, their conceptual similarity, and the use of the shorthand term PBL result in some confusion in the literature (Donelly& Fitzmaurice, 2005).The present study was intended to examine the effectiveness of PjBL and PBL in teaching writing at tertiary level and how students perceive both methods applied in their teaching learning. 78 participants were assigned into two intact-groups where each consists of 39 students, one group was taught by using PjBL and another using PBL. Quasi experimental design was employed to answer (1) the effects of PjBL and PBL in students writing achievement; (2) whether there is significant difference of students writing achievement between those who are taught by using PjBL and PBL; (3) the students perception regarding PjBL and PBL. The findings and discussion revealed that (1) PjBL and PBL methods were able to improve the students writing result. This can be seen from the t value of PjBL group (t=-5.442, df. 38,p=.000) and PBL group (t=-2.619,df=38,p=.013) which were more than the alpha (.05); (2) there is no significant difference of students writing achievement between those who are taught by using PjBL and PBL (t=.527,df=76,p=.600). It might be due to the similarities of PjBL and PBL in terms of the classroom techniques for instance group discussion and peer-feedback and that the two methods focus on open ended tasks (Larmer, 2014); (3) students perceived those methods positively. They found the instruction was different from the teaching process they commonly had. PjBL enable them to think a contextual problem, work together in group, develop the critical thinking, and become more explorative. Similarly, it was also found that PBL made them engaged in the learning. Both methods help students to be able to identify the structure as well as develop their ideas for argumentative writing. In relation to the disadvantages, PjBL is a time-consuming process dealing with time allocation for making a project. However in PBL the challenges are on the exploration stage and group work. The group work is the strength and weakness of this method concurrently. Key Words: Project-based Learning (PjBL), Problem-based Learning (PBL), EFL Tertiary Level, Writing Achievemen