L'hôpital

L’hôpital est devenu depuis une vingtaine d’années un terrain privilégié des chercheurs en anthropologie de la santé. Mais qu’est-ce qu’un hôpital ? Est-ce seulement une réalisation architecturale qui permet l’exercice de la médecine contemporaine ? Espace à la fois perméable et délimité, ordonné et ouvert, imprévisible et opaque, médical et non-médical, l’hôpital moderne est sujet à des changements technologiques et économiques rapides. Il contient aussi les traces de la médecine d’autrefois et évoque des souvenirs et des émotions pour celles et ceux qui y ont séjourné, travaillé ou soutenu des proches. Ce dossier aborde l’objet « hôpital » en reliant le lieu hospitalier aux pratiques – médicales, infirmières, bureaucratiques et comptables – exercées en son sein. Ensemble, les contributions incitent à étudier l’hôpital non seulement comme terrain ethnographique mais aussi comme lieu anthropologique, pour aborder la manière dont chaque hôpital existe dans sa singularité – pour les patients, les professionnels et les familles – et agence la médecine et le soin. A mesure que le regard ethnographique s’éloigne des seules problématiques propres à la médecine hospitalière, l’on réussit à appréhender les productions et les propriétés de l’hôpital en tant que tel. In the past 20 years, the hospital has become a privileged field site for medical anthropologists. But what is a hospital? Is it only an architectural formation that allows for the practice of contemporary biomedicine? A space permeable and clearly delimited, structured and open, unpredictable and opaque, medical and non-medical, the modern hospital constantly undergoes rapid technological and economic change. It harbours the traces of past medicines and produces memories and emotions for those who have resided, worked there or supported close ones undergoing treatment and care. This special issue approaches the research object « hospital » by linking specific hospital places to the professional practices exercised in its realms, be they medical, nursing, bureaucratic or managerial. Taken together, the contributions incite to study hospitals not only as ethnographic field sites, but also as singular anthropological locations, in order to understand how each hospital exists in its particularity – for patients, professionals and families – and how it arranges medicine and care. In the degree that we detach our ethnographic view from the problems specific to hospital medicine, it becomes possible to apprehend the productions and proprieties of hospitals as such

PFMG2025–integrating genomic medicine into the national healthcare system in France

International audienceIntegrating genomic medicine into healthcare systems is a health policy challenge that requires continuously transferring scientific advances into clinics and ensuring equal access for patients. France was one of the first countries to integrate genome sequencing into clinical practice at a nationwide level, with the ambition to provide more accurate diagnostics and personalized treatments. Since 2016, the French government has invested €239M in the 2025 French Genomic Medicine Initiative (PFMG2025) which has so far focused on patients with rare diseases (RD), cancer genetic predisposition (CGP) and cancers. PFMG2025 has addressed numerous challenges to set up an operational organizational framework. As of December the 31st 2023, 12,737 results were returned to prescribers for RD/CGP patients (median delivery time: 202 days, diagnostic yield: 30.6%) and 3109 for cancer patients (median delivery time: 45 days). PFMG2025's future priorities encompass ensuring economic sustainability, strengthening links with research, empowering patients and practitioners, and fostering collaborations with European partners.Funding As of December the 31st 2023, €239M have been invested by the French government.</div