Adoption and diffusion of no tillage practices in Southern Spain olive groves

This paper analyses the process of adoption of no tillage in South-eastern Spain’s olive groves. Olive tree groves in South-eastern Spain’s mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion, which is the main environmental problem for this crop, and have to incur in high costs of soil conservation. This results in a greater difficulty to comply with the practices required to benefit from both the single payment and agri-environmental schemes. In many high-steeped areas, farmers have opted for non-tillage practices as an alternative to other conservation practices. Using our own data from a survey carried out in 2006 among 215 olive tree farmers from the Granada Province in Southern Spain regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices, we model the diffusion process of no tillage practices using several specifications (logistic, Gompertz and exponential). We also estimate an ordered probit model to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine the adoption of no tillage. Our results show that 90% of farmers in the area of study perform no tillage with either localized (21%) or no localized (69%) application of weedicides. The diffusion process of no tillage has been very intense since the middle nineties, and has been based on the interactions among farmers in the area of study rather than in external factors such as EU policies or extension services. Among other relevant factors that positively affect the adoption of no tillage practices in general, such as farm size and irrigation, the probability of a farmer adopting no tillage with non-localized application of weedicides increases when there is a relative that will continue with the farming activity, what causes the farmer to incorporate long term effects in his farming decisions, when the farmer is only a manager or when he bought the farm rather than inherited it (i.e. on more professionalized farms), and with his educational level. These results confirm some findings from previous studies in other nearby areas.Spanish olive groves, soil erosion, no tillage, Crop Production/Industries, Land Economics/Use,

Adoption of Soil Erosion Control Practices in Southern Spain Olive Groves

This paper presents results from a survey carried out in 2005 among 147 olive tree farmers from the Alto Genil River Basin in Southern Spain regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices. Olive tree groves in South-eastern Spain's mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion and have to incur in high costs of soil conservation. This results in great difficulties to comply with cross-compliance and to benefit from agri-environmental schemes. Our main objectives are to analyse the current level of adoption of soil conservation practices and to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine such adoption. Three Probit models are estimated. Dependant variables are three different soil conservation practices, namely tillage following contour lines, maintaining the rests of pruning on the ground, and non-tillage with weedicides.olive groves, soil erosion, soil conservation, cross compliance, Crop Production/Industries, Q12, Q24,

Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices in Olive Groves: The Case of Spanish Mountainous Areas

This paper presents some results from a survey carried out in 2004 among 223 olive tree farmers from mountainous areas in the Spanish Southern provinces of Granada and Jaen regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices. Olive tree groves in mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion and have to incur in higher costs of soil conservation. This results in greater difficulties to comply with cross-compliance and to benefit from agri-environmental schemes. Our main objectives are to analyse the current level of adoption of soil conservation practices and to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine such adoption. Three Probit models are estimated. Dependant variables are three different soil conservation practices, namely tillage following contour lines, maintenance of terraces with stonewalls, and non-tillage with weedicides.olive groves, soil conservation, technology adoption, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q12, Q24,

Adopción y difusión de prácticas de no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada

En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de adopción del no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada utilizando información procedente de un sondeo realizado en 2005-2006 a 215 olivicultores. Se analiza en primer lugar el proceso de difusión agregada de las prácticas de no laboreo realizadas en la zona mediante la estimación de varios modelos de difusión temporal. A continuación se identifican, mediante la estimación de dos modelos probit, algunos factores que influyen en la adopción de dichas prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo las prácticas de no laboreo son realizadas por el 90% de los agricultores. Su difusión ha sido intensa desde mediados de los noventa, predominando el efecto imitación, basado en la interacción entre los agricultores de la zona, sobre otros factores externos. Algunos factores que influyen en la adopción de las diferentes prácticas de no laboreo son el regadío, la continuidad familiar de la explotación o la percepción que tiene el agricultor del problema de la erosión.Erosión, no laboreo, olivar, adopción de tecnologías, difusión de tecnologías., Agricultural and Food Policy, Q12, Q24, C50.,

The first republic of paraguay (1811-1870) and its alternative development strategy

Este trabajo se propone investigar algunas particularidades de la política de desarrollo científico y técnico de la Primera República del Paraguay (1811-1870) en el marco de la Revolución Industrial, con especial énfasis en los planos de la articulación política interna y externa, que resultaron determinantes del tipo de estrategia de desarrollo emprendido, distintivo respecto a otras unidades políticas regionales en el mismo contexto internacional.This paper aims to investigate some particularities of the scientific and technical development policy of the First Republic of Paraguay (1811- 1870) in the framework of the Industrial Revolution, with main emphasis in the plans of internal and external political articulation, which were decisive of the type of undertaken development strategy, distinctive compared with other regional political units in the same international context.Fil: Lucietto, Franco Agustin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

APROXIMACIÓN A LA DIFUSIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN Y CONOCIMIENTO EN DEMOCRACIA

El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de difusión de la información y conocimiento científico como mecanismo para la toma de decisiones democráticas, destacando las técnicas de minería de textos. La metodología adoptada es un meta-análisis de artículos científicos indexados en Science Direct sobre técnicas de gestión de datos, en particular, la minería de textos, con el propósito de estudiar su proceso de difusión y realizar predicciones. Se concluye que los artículos de Text Mining siguen un modelo de difusión logística (de influencia interna), cuyo máximo será aproximadamente en 2017. Destaca también la ausencia de investigaciones en ciencias sociales y en especialidades interdisciplinares como la toma de decisiones en contextos democráticos

Gestión farmacéutica y acceso a los medicamentos esenciales en un policlínico del Callao, 2024

El presente estudio contribuyó al objetivo de desarrollo sostenible número 3, de salud y bienestar, meta 7 en la cual detalla que se debe asegurar que todas las personas tengan acceso a servicios de salud y medicamentos, sin que represente una carga financiera para ellos, la cual tuvo como propósito determinar la relación entre la gestión farmacéutica y el acceso a medicamentos esenciales en un policlínico del Callao, 2024. La metodología bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación básica, nivel correlacional, diseño no experimental y alcance transversal, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 84 pacientes que fueron atendidos en el servicio de farmacia durante los meses de enero, febrero y marzo del presente año, se emplearon dos instrumentos validados por juicio de expertos. Los resultados evidenciaron relación existente entre la gestión farmacéutica y el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales (sig. .000 < 0.05); Teniendo una correlación positiva moderada (Rho de Spearman 0.596)

ANÁLISIS DE LA SOBERANÍA EDUCATIVA

A soberania educativa é condição necessária para a erradicação da fome. Consequentemente nós estudaremos as inter-relações existentes entre a economia, as óticas e a instrução em um contexto globalised, para que neste artigo são usados um jogo da indicação na instrução a ní­vel mundial, distinguindo entre paí­ses do norte e paí­ses do sul, assim fazendo claramente o valor e a dinâmica da ruptura educativa, do formulário paralelo à  ruptura norte-sul crescente. Antes da realidade similar a aplicação torna-se essencial de uma aproximação feminista, que constitua uma sí­ntese de 3 correntes da inspiração marxista: o movimento laboral espanhol dos anos 30, a pedagogia libertaria de Paulo Freire e a aproximação radical de Bowles e de Gintis

A Simple Gaze Tracker for Computer Operation by the Disabled in Education

A compact gaze tracker was developed which consists of a head band and electrodes which process the Electro-Oculo-Gram (EOG) reflecting the patient´s eye movements. We have confirmed that the processed EOG signal correlates well with gaze angle, and we show that the instrument we designed enables a child to move a target on a screen up to 40 degrees left-right from central sight. To achieve this, a signal processing circuit was designed and placed on a head band to minimize noise. Further processing is based on the identification of saccadic eye movements and on the educated calculation of the estimated gaze angle as a result of angle change in both directions. A 75% success rate was achieved to detect transitions of eye positions in 5° steps from +40° to -40°. First tests by normal children suggest that the device may prove useful for communication by the disabled (e.g. patients with no control on hand movements). In such cases, extensive personal training will tap on neurological plasticity to achieve the required performance level for computer mouse command of educational games and for interactive applications in general

The effects of Cuprizone on murine subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells and progenitor cells grown as neurospheres

Despite the extensive use of the cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination animal model, there is little evidence regarding the effects of CPZ on a cellular level. Initial studies have suggested that oligodendrocytes (OL) are the main cell targets for CPZ toxicity. However, recent data have revealed additional effects on neural stem cells and progenitor cells (NSC/NPC), which constitute a reservoir for OL regeneration during brain remyelination. We cultured NSC/NPC as neurospheres to investigate CPZ effects on cell mechanisms which are thought to be involved in demyelination and remyelination processes in vivo. Proliferating NSC/NPC cultures exposed to CPZ showed overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased progenitor migration at the expense of a significant inhibition of cell proliferation. Although NSC/NPC survival was not affected by CPZ in proliferative conditions, we found that CPZ treated cultures undergoing cell differentiation were more prone to cell death than controls. The commitment and cell differentiation towards neural lineages did not seem to be affected by CPZ, as shown by the conserved proportions of OL, astrocytes and neurons. Nevertheless, when CPZ treatment was performed after cell differentiation, we detected a significant reduction in the number and the morphological complexity of OL, astrogliosis and neuronal damage. We conclude that, in addition to damaging mature OL, CPZ also reduces NSC/NPC proliferation and activates progenitor migration. These results shed light on CPZ toxicity in the brain and could serve to understand the exhaustion of regenerative mechanisms from NSC/NPC in the chronic CPZ animal model.Fil: Molinari, Yamila Azul. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Byrne, Agustin Jesus. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; ArgentinaFil: Silvestroff, Lucas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Franco, Paula Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Departamento de Quimica Biologica. Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentin