The viscosity radius in dilute polymer solutions: Universal behaviour from DNA rheology and Brownian dynamics simulations

The swelling of the viscosity radius, $\alpha_\eta$, and the universal viscosity ratio, $U_{\eta R}$, have been determined experimentally for linear DNA molecules in dilute solutions with excess salt, and numerically by Brownian dynamics simulations, as a function of the solvent quality. In the latter instance, asymptotic parameter free predictions have been obtained by extrapolating simulation data for finite chains to the long chain limit. Experiments and simulations show a universal crossover for $\alpha_\eta$ and $U_{\eta R}$ from $\theta$ to good solvents in line with earlier observations on synthetic polymer-solvent systems. The significant difference between the swelling of the dynamic viscosity radius from the observed swelling of the static radius of gyration, is shown to arise from the presence of hydrodynamic interactions in the non-draining limit. Simulated values of $\alpha_\eta$ and $U_{\eta R}$ are in good agreement with experimental measurements in synthetic polymer solutions reported previously, and with the measurements in linear DNA solutions reported here.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, two column, Supporting Information added, to appear in Macromolecule

Large Deformation Shear and Elongation Rheology of Polymers for Electrospinning and other Industrial Processes

The goals of this thesis are the characterization of polymer melts using mainly non-linear shear and extensional rheological techniques, the fabrication of scaffolds with excellent physical and mechanical properties using the solution electrospinning technology for tissue engineering applications and the development of melt electrospinning equipment to facilitate the fabrication of solvent free scaffolds

Design, Testing Analysis of High Tension Increased Safety Motor for Hazardous areas

The increased safety (Ex e) motors are designed for safe operation in the zone 1 and 2 hazardous areas. The present paper describes the significant design parameters and successful testing of Ex e high tension (HT) induction motor rated 970KW/6.6KV/18 pole/ 3Phase/ 50Hz as per IS/IEC 60079-7 standard. The comparison of some useful design parameters is also given between safe area motor and hazardous area motor in this paper. The Ex e high tension induction motor mentioned in this paper have been manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL), Bhopal, India during the project and main author was the project leader

A Review of Range-based RSSI Algorithms for Indoor Wireless Sensor Network Localization

The secure localisation of unknown nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a crucial research topic due to the vast range of applications of WSNs. These applications drive the development of WSNs, as real-world obstacles typically motivate them. WSN technology is rapidly evolving, and this paper provides a brief overview of WSNs, including key research findings on energy conservation and node deployment. The paper discusses the applications of WSNs in medical health, environment and agriculture, intelligent home furnishing and construction, and military, space, and marine exploration. The paper focuses on the research of RSS-based locating algorithms in WSNs and is divided into two sections. Firstly, accurate location depends on the accurate RSSI received from nodes. This experiment analyses the distribution trend of RSSI and derives the loss model of signal propagation by processing experimental data. Secondly, Gaussian fitting calculates the distance between receiving and sending nodes by processing individual RSSI at different distances. The primary challenge in studying this RSSI range-based technique is the low positioning accuracy, low energy, and high error rate. To solve this problem, a recommended GA is used to find the optimal site by minimising error, providing the best feasible solution, and being energy-sensitive, with accuracy based on the least error inside the network. The proposed approach aims to optimise sensor placements for improved performance

Area Classification and Types of Protection for Explosive Atmospheres: A Review

Explosionproof (Ex) equipment is vital for use in explosive atmospheres. The knowledge of basic of area classification, zone, temperature class, types of protection and source of ignition is mandatory for testing, manufacturing, use, installation, inspection and maintenance of Ex equipment. The paper describes the area classification, types of protection and equipment protection level for hazardous areas

Comparative study on bioaccumulation and translocation of metals in Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) naturally growing on fly ash lagoon and topsoil

Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is one of the most common naturally colonized creeper grass found on fly ash lagoons and soils in India. Bioavailable metal concentrations in fly ash and topsoil were analyzed by using DTPA as extractant. Bioaccumulation of metals in the root and their translocation to the shoot were estimated for fly ash and compared with topsoil. Bioaccumulation of Zn, Mn, Ni and Cu were found similar for the plants growing on fly ash and topsoil. Different bioaccumulation trends were observed for Pb, Co and Cd, in fly ash and topsoil. In fly ash translocation factors were found >1 for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu, indicating a higher translocation of these metals in aerial parts, which can easily transfer to the food chain. In topsoil, translocation factor for all the metals (except Cd) was found <1, indicating immobilization of metals in root. The study concluded that Bermuda grass growing on fly ash lagoons can act as a transferring link of heavy metals in the food chain. © 2016, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary

IN VIVO ACUTE TOXICITY, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIAQUATIC FUNGAL, ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM KP894100 AND LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS KP942831

Objective: This study observed the antibacterial, antifungal (aquatic and pathogenic fungi), and anthelmintic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP) KP894100 and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LC) KP942831, isolated from a dairy product.Methods: Lactic acid bacteria traditionally used to improve human health. For in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antihelminthic studies ofintracellular cell-free extract (ICFE) from LP and LC were produced separately by using filtration methods. ICFE was freeze-dried then resuspendedin citrate phosphate buffer. This ICFE is further used for the antimicrobial and anthelmintic assay. In the antimicrobial assay, ICFE were tested againstpathogenic bacteria, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonasstutzeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and aquatic fungal species including: Aspergillus clavatus, Pythium aphanidermatum Saprolegnia parasitica,Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, andPenicillium chrysogenum. In the anthelmintic assay, young stages of Pheretima posthuma (Indian earthworms) were used. For the analysis of acutetoxicity assay different graded doses (100, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg bw) of ICFE of LP and LC was administered in Wistar albino rats, respectively, andthe control group received distilled water.Result: The ICFE of both Lactobacillus strains showing strong antibacterial and weak antifungal activity against aquatic fungi except, S. parasitica, andC. albicans. The ICFE shows 100% paralysis and killing efficacy against P. posthuma in 48-72 hrs. In the acute toxicity test, LP and LC did not produceany toxic signs or death at the maximum concentration 1000 mg/kg bw.Conclusion: ICFE of LP and LC possess anthelmintic activity against P. posthuma with only strong antibacterial activity. Both the lactobacillus strainshave strong antibacterial activity and have potential activity against P. posthuma helminthes.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Aquatic fungi, Anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma

STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS

The evaluation of phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and diversity in germplasm collections is important for both plant breeders and germplasm curators to optimize the use of the variability available. A total of 100 sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of India were used in this research work. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among genotypes for all the nine characters studied. High heritability combined with high genetic advance was recorded for seed yield/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and 1000 seed weight indicating that these characters are controlled by additive gene effect and phenotypic selection of these characters would be effective for further breeding purpose.Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics was worked out and based on D2 values the germplasm lines were grouped into eleven different clusters. Clustering was not associated with the geographical distribution instead accessions were mainly grouped due to their morphological differences. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster VI and cluster XI (134.72) followed by clusters V and XI (124.23) while, lowest divergence was noticed between cluster IV and V (9.37). Among the nine characters studied, days to 50% flowering contributed highest towards genetic divergence (21.05 %) followed by seed yield per plant (20.85 %). Cluster VI exhibited highest means for days to 50 % flowering (62.5), plant height (119.8), number of primary and secondary branches per plant (10.4, 19.3) and days to maturity (110.5). Cluster XI exhibited lowest means for days to 50 % flowering (46), plant height (81.4), number of primary branches per plant (6.7) and days to maturity (100.5).&nbsp; Greater genetic divergence was found between clusters VI and XI followed by clusters V and XI indicating superior and novel recombinants and explore the fullest range of variability for the characters and to realize good recombinant can be realized by mating between the lines of these clusters in a definite fashion

An Approach towards Designing a Cryptographic Confidentiality Algorithm with high PSNR & Time Efficient

Steganography is the technique of hiding valuable information within other data. While cryptography makes sure that the data is unreadable to the third party.  To fulfill the concern of security, many approaches of steganography and cryptography are discussed and developed. In the paper we proposed a work with combined approach of steganography and cryptography and is applied to achieve the goal of security with better efficiency as compared to previous methodologies. The information hiding system is mainly designed with the attributes of characters i.e. RGB values. The proposed work presented in this paper implements the five processing steps of our methodology. These steps consists the generation of a pseudo random number with the help of a 128 bit key, generation of four keys to encrypt the message, encryption by symmetric key encryption technique,  cipher text hiding by replacing the least significant with the application of modified LSB algorithm, and generation of secured message at the end as output. The proposed algorithm is designed in such a way that before hiding a bit, the bit is optimized first that it increases the PSNR value as compared with previous algorithms without affecting the other parameters.