Inseparabilidades entre ética e ciudadanía no contexto da Educaçao educação escolar

A educação está inserida no seio de uma crise social, moral, econômica, ambiental, decorrente da chamada crise da razão moderna. Ela está condicionada pela luta ideológica entre o dinheiro e o poder, que a faz de serviçal para a reprodução da dominação. Para as sociedades desenvolvidas que controlam o capital a educação deve ser um instrumento para habilitar os trabalhadores para a produção capitalista. Conforme Frigotto (1995a, p. 26), “trata-se de subordinar a função social da educação de forma controlada para responder às demandas do capital.

Ontogeny of cone photoreceptor mosaics in zebrafish

Cone photoreceptors in fish are typically arranged into a precise, reiterated pattern known as a “cone mosaic.” Cone mosaic patterns can vary in different fish species and in response to changes in habitat, yet their function and the mechanisms of their development remain speculative. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) have four cone subtypes arranged into precise rows in the adult retina. Here we describe larval zebrafish cone patterns and investigate a previously unrecognized transition between larval and adult cone mosaic patterns. Cone positions were determined in transgenic zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in their UV-sensitive cones, by the use of multiplex in situ hybridization labelling of various cone opsins. We developed a “mosaic metric” statistical tool to measure local cone order. We found that ratios of the various cone subtypes in larval and adult zebrafish were statistically different. The cone photoreceptors in larvae form a regular heterotypic mosaic array; i.e., the position of any one cone spectral subtype relative to the other cone subtypes is statistically different from random. However, the cone spectral subtypes in larval zebrafish are not arranged in continuous rows as in the adult. We used cell birth dating to show that the larval cone mosaic pattern remains as a distinct region within the adult retina and does not reorganize into the adult row pattern. In addition, the abundance of cone subtypes relative to other subtypes is different in this larval remnant compared with that of larvae or canonical adult zebrafish retina. These observations provide baseline data for understanding the development of cone mosaics via comparative analysis of larval and adult cone development in a model species. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4182–4195, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77982/1/22447_ftp.pd

Retinal Specializations In The Eyes Of Deep-Sea Teleosts

Although living beyond the penetration limits of sunlight, many deep-sea teleosts possess large eyes, lenses capable of accommodation, and various adaptations for increasing sensitivity and extending their visual field. However, little is known of the extent of the visual field and whether the spatial resolving power of the eye is constant across the retina. In order to examine whether these fish are specialized for acute vision in particular regions of the visual field, retinal wholemounts were used to examine the regional differences in the density of retinal ganglion cells in 16 species from different depths, habitats and photic zones. It was found that the retinal ganglion cell topography changes markedly across the retina with a density range of 6.3-50.6 x 10/3 cells mm -2 in a pattern unique to each species. A number of mesopelagic species including the lanternfishes, Lampanyctus macdonaldi and Myctophum punctatum possess a concentric increase in cell density towards the retinal margins, putatively enhancing peripheral vision. Three tubular-eyed species including Scopelarchus michaelsarsi possess an area centralis in the centro-lateral region of the main retina supporting the premise that this specialization receives a focused image. Some benthic species such as the smoothhead Rouleina attrita and the searsid Searsia koefoedi also boast a structural specialization or fovea in temporal retina with centro-peripheral cell gradients exceeding 30:1. Benthic species such as the tripodfish Bathypterois dubius possess two regional increases in ganglion cell density or areae centrales, one nasal and the other temporal, thereby increasing spatial resolving power in the caudal and rostral visual fields, respectively. These quantitative analyses suggest that deep-sea fishes, like their shallow-water counterparts, also use a specific region of their visual field for acute vision. This may be an advantage for the detection and localization of bioluminescent light sources

Functional significance of the taper of vertebrate cone photoreceptors

© The Author(s), 2012. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of General Physiology 139 (2012): 159-187, doi:10.1085/jgp.201110692.Vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. The functional advantages of cone taper, a common occurrence in vertebrate retinas, remain elusive. In this study, we investigate this topic using theoretical analyses aimed at revealing structure–function relationships in photoreceptors. Geometrical optics combined with spectrophotometric and morphological data are used to support the analyses and to test predictions. Three functions are considered for correlations between taper and functionality. The first function proposes that outer segment taper serves to compensate for self-screening of the visual pigment contained within. The second function links outer segment taper to compensation for a signal-to-noise ratio decline along the longitudinal dimension. Both functions are supported by the data: real cones taper more than required for these compensatory roles. The third function relates outer segment taper to the optical properties of the inner compartment whereby the primary determinant is the inner segment’s ability to concentrate light via its ellipsoid. In support of this idea, the rod/cone ratios of primarily diurnal animals are predicted based on a principle of equal light flux gathering between photoreceptors. In addition, ellipsoid concentration factor, a measure of ellipsoid ability to concentrate light onto the outer segment, correlates positively with outer segment taper expressed as a ratio of characteristic lengths, where critical taper is the yardstick. Depending on a light-funneling property and the presence of focusing organelles such as oil droplets, cone outer segments can be reduced in size to various degrees. We conclude that outer segment taper is but one component of a miniaturization process that reduces metabolic costs while improving signal detection. Compromise solutions in the various retinas and retinal regions occur between ellipsoid size and acuity, on the one hand, and faster response time and reduced light sensitivity, on the other.This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant 238886 and a Grass-Marine Biological Laboratory Sabbatical Fellowship in Neurosciences to I. Novales Flamarique.2012-07-1

Method Evaluation of Global-Local Finite Element Analysis

When doing finite element analysis upon the structure of Saab’s aeroplanes a coarse global model of mainly shell elements is used to determine the load distribution for sizing the structure. At some parts of the aeroplane it is however desirable to implement a more detailed analysis. These areas are usually modelled with solid elements; the problem of connecting the fine local solid elements to the coarse global model will shell elements then arises.   This master thesis is preformed to investigate possible Global-Local methods to use for the structural analysis on Gripen. First a literature study of current methods on the market is made, thereafter a few methods are implemented on a generic test structure and later on also tested on a real detail of Gripen VU. The methods tested in this thesis are Mesh refinement in HyperWorks, RBE3 in HyperWorks, Glue in MSC Patran/Nastran and DMIG in MSC Nastran. The software is however not evaluated in this thesis, and a further investigation is recommended to find the most fitting software for this purpose. All analysis are performed with linear assumptions.   Mesh refinement is an integrated technique where the elements are gradually decreasing in size. Per definition, this technique cannot handle gaps, but it has almost identical results to the fine reference model.   RBE3 is a type of rigid body elements with zero stiffness, and is used as an interface element. RBE3 is possible to use to connect both Shell-To-Shell and Shell-To-Solid, and can handle offsets and gaps in the boundary between the global and local model.   Glue is a contact definition and is also available in other software under other names. The global respectively the local model is defined as contact bodies and a contact table is used to control the coupling. Glue works for both Shell-To-Shell and Shell-To-Solid couplings, but has problem dealing with offsets and gaps in the boundary between the global and local model.   DMIG is a superelement technique where the global model is divided into smaller sub-models which are mathematically connected. DMIG is only possible to use when the nodes on the boundary on the local model have the same position as the nodes at the boundary of the global model. Thus, it is not possible to only use DMIG as a Global-Local method, but can advantageously be combined with other methods.   The results indicate that the preferable method to use for Global-Local analysis is RBE3. To decrease the size of the files and demand of computational power, RBE3 can be combined with a superelement technique, for example DMIG.   Finally, it is important to consider the size of the local model. There will inevitably be boundary effect when performing a Global-Local analysis of the suggested type, and it is therefore important to make the local model big enough so that the boundary effects have faded before reaching the area of interest

UX & Usability assessment of a web-based administration console for Header Bidding through Prebid

I denna studie så undersöktes företaget LiveWrappeds webbaserade konsol för administration av inställningar som prebid använder och rapportering av vad som hänt i prebid. Syftet var att identifiera vilka brister konsolen innehöll gällande användbarhet och användarupplevelse för att sedan ta fram förbättringsförslag. Studiens litteraturöversikt bygger på beskrivningar gällande hur Header Bidding och prebid fungerar samt kritiska utvärderingar av Header Bidding-koncept och -system. På grund av begränsad mängd forskning kring liknande system som LiveWrappeds konsol, bygger litteraturöversikten även på centrala begrepp och teorier inom användbarhet, människocentrerad design och användarupplevelse. Studiens metod är av kvalitativ karaktär och innefattar moment som bakgrundsfrågor, användbarhetstester och semi-strukturerade posttestintervjuer. Fem personer med minst 2.5års erfarenhet av att arbeta med konsolen rekryterades. Testdeltagarna besvarade sex bakgrundsfrågor, arbetade sig igenom sex scenarier och besvarade antingen åtta eller nio posttestintervjufrågor. Resultatet från testet analyserades mot etablerade designprinciper av Benyon (2019) och dokumenterade användbarhetsattribut av Nielsen (1993) samt Rubin & Chisnell (2008). Resultatet visade bland annat att konsolen saknar en tydlig navigeringsstruktur, korrekta benämningar på kolumner och har bristande funktionalitet för att hantera systemfel. Det framkom exempelvis från analysen att konsolen brister mot designprinciper som navigering, kontroll, tydlighet och synlighet med flera. Konsolen bevisades även brista mot användbarhetsattribut som lärbarhet, minnesbarhet, ändamålsenlighet och fel med flera. I studiens slutsatser presenterades svar på studiens tre undersökningsfrågor, där undersökningsfråga ett och undersökningsfråga två analyserades för att besvara undersökningsfråga tre. Förbättringsåtgärder delades upp i två kategorier, designförslag och funktionalitetsförslag, med sju designförslag och nio funktionalitetsförslag för konsolen att implementera som förbättringsåtgärder. Några av dessa förslag var att förbättra navigationen, implementera ett system för notiser och gör användargränssnittet mer anpassningsbart efter användarens preferenser

I wasn't mysterious like I planned

Sigma males has become a popular term on social media and is meant to describe certain behaviors considered aspirational for men. This constructed identity is in great part mediated by internet memes. This study aims to understand, through a semiotic analysis of sigma male memes on Instagram, understand how sigma male memes construct and communicate masculine ideals and relationship to society. The extraction is then interpreted through Judith Butlers theory of gender performativity to root the findings to an expression of masculine gender identity. The result shows that sigma males express their masculinity by portraying confidence, discipline, mysteriousness, emotional control and the ability to look past the norms of society. At the same time, they hide their vulnerability and care about how their traits are perceived by others. In addition to these results, the study shows that sigma males' position among other masculinity types is unclear as they portray similarities and contrast to both hegemonic masculinity and incels.