Decision Boundaries and Classification Performance Of SVM And KNN Classifiers For 2-Dimensional Dataset

Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighborhood (k-NN) are two most popular classifiers in machine learning. In this paper, we intend to study the generalization performance of the two classifiers by visualizing the decision boundary of each classifier when subjected to a two-dimensional (2-D) dataset. Four different sets of database comprising of 2-D datasets namely the eigenpostures of human (EPHuman), the breast cancer (BCancer), the Swiss roll (SRoll) and Twinpeaks (Tpeaks) were used in this study. Results obtained confirmed SVM classifier superb generalization performance since it contributed the lower classification error rate when compared to the k-NN classifier during the training for binary classification of all 2-D datasets. This is evident and can be clearly visualized through the plots depicting the decision boundaries of the binary classification task

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING SPEAKING AT SMA ISLAM\ud KEPANJEN

The objectives of this study were 1) to know the objective of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 2) to know the topic covered in teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 3) to know the technique of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 4) to know the technique of evaluation used in teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen.\ud In this study, the writer used descriptive research because it described the implementation of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen. Moreover, the writer took the English\ud teacher in the secondary year students at SMA Islam Kepanjen as the research subject.\ud Meanwhile, the research instruments that were used by the writer to collect data are interview and observation. The writer used semistructured interview, because in addition\ud to the questions that had been prepared before, the researcher would also asked for the questions during the interview about the implementation of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen.\ud Based on the research finding, some conclusions can be drawn. First, the objectives of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen were: 1) to achieve how to speak English\ud commonly well by giving some texts, 2) to understand about the topics that they learn, 3) to develop the words of the texts by their own understanding, 4) to practice by their own language about the objects of the texts that they learn. The second was the topics of teaching speaking in SMA Islam Kepanjen. The topics were: “Greeting”, “Expressing”, “Telling a short story”. The teacher thought that “Telling a short story” is the most interesting, because the topic will be able to give knowledge about English widely. Then, the third was the techniques of teaching speaking. Those are: drilling, give some texts,\ud give an example, and practice. The teacher thought that the drilling is the most affective, because he said that language was habit and we had to make it as a habit. The last was the techniques of evaluation in teaching speaking. The English teacher in SMA Islam Kepanjen used the techniques of evaluation to evaluate the students’ ability objectively.\ud Then, to evaluate the students’ affective domain, the teacher used students’ attendance, and students’ attitudes. And in cognitive domain, the teacher used some tests to evaluate the students’ intellectual ability. The teacher did not use psychomotor domain to evaluate the students because he did not need this domain to evaluate their students in teaching speaking

THE USE OF WORKBOOK TO TEACH ENGLISH AT SLTPN 4 BATU

Instructional material is an important element in the teaching and learning process. There are many kinds of sources can be used by the teacher to convey material to the students. Besides using textbook, the teacher needs supplementary material from other sources, for example; the use of workbook. Workbook functions as supplementing the textbook program in skills, aiding in maintaining good language habits. Workbook provides many exercises for the students to help them study English. The purposes of this study are to know the relevance of workbook used by the teacher and the students at SLTPN 04 Batu with the curriculum, to know how the teacher used workbook, and the students used workbook and students’ perceptions about the use of workbook at SLTPN 04 Batu. This study is descriptive one. In this case, the writer used three research subjects, those are; workbook (prestasi), the teacher and the students of second grade of SLTPN 04 Batu. The instruments used in this research were structured questionnaire, observation checklist and document. In eliciting the data using questionnaire, the writer grouped the students’ answers based on the occurrence of the items in each question. Then the writer converted score into percentage. From the data above, the writer could conclude the result of the questionnaire. The observation checklist was analyzed to answer how the teacher and the students used the workbook. The research problem number one was answered by analyzing the workbook. Based on the research finding, the writer concluded that the workbook used by the teacher and the students was relevance to the Basic Course Outline, the teacher and the students used this workbook as supplementary material in learning English, and the students’ perceived positively toward the workbook used in the teaching and learning process because this workbook helped them to study English

CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURE SELECTION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Pattern recognition (PR) is the central in a variety of engineering applications. For this reason, it is indeed vital to develop efficient pattern recognition systems that facilitate decision making automatically and reliably. In this study, the implementation of PR system based on computational intelligence approach namely artificial neural network (ANN) is performed subsequent to selection of the best feature vectors. A framework to determine the best eigenvectors which we named as ‘eigenpostures’ of four main human postures specifically, standing, squatting/sitting, bending and lying based on the rules of thumb of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been developed. Accordingly, all three rules of PCA namely the KG-rule, Cumulative Variance and the Scree test suggest retaining only 35 main principal component or ‘eigenpostures’. Next, these ‘eigenpostures’ are statistically analyzed via Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) prior to classification. Thus, the most relevant component of the selected eigenpostures can be determined. Both categories of ‘eigenpostures’ prior to ANOVA as well as after ANOVA served as inputs to the ANN classifier to verify the effectiveness of feature selection based on statistical analysis. Results attained confirmed that the statistical analysis has enabled us to perform effectively the selection of eigenpostures for classification of four types of human postures

Adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming system in Malaysia

Malaysian government had encouraged the adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming system (ICOFS) since the year 1998. This is due to large areas of land suitable for ICOFS in Malaysia that can be well utilised. Rising up the participation in ICOFS is one of the effort in facing the increasing demand of meat nationwide and growing dependency on imported meat. Apart from that, Malaysia needs to increase the self�sufficiency level of national meat production to 32.7% by 2020 as stated in the National Agri-Food Policy 2011-2020. Despite this, only a small number of farmers have adopted ICOFS in Malaysia and less is known so far about the farmer's attitudes towards the ICOFS in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current practice as well as factors affecting and constraints to the adoption of ICOFS in Malaysia. Interviews of four selected experts in ICOFS were held to examine the current practice of ICOFS in Malaysia. Results from the interviews and literature review have been cross-compared to develop questionnaire instruments. Then, the survey questionnaire was carried out to 153 adopters and non-adopters of ICOFS in Johor, Malaysia to identify the key factors that influence the adoption of ICOFS. The study found that information and know-how and availability of skilled labour are the significant factors that encourage farmers to adopt ICOFS. On the other hand, government support and policy constraint and production and on-farm constraint are the significant constraints hindering the adoption of ICOFS. Based on the findings of this study, one of the measure to increase the rate of adoption of ICOFS are by helping the farmers to hire extra labour and to have skills needed. Furthermore, rate of ICOFS could also be increase by helping the farmers to have better control on weed, pest and diseases on farm as well as not interrupting their oil palm production. In addition, it is suggested to provide them with more opportunity towards incentives, training and technical support from the field officers. It is suggested for future research to explore the effect of factors affecting adoption and constraints to adoption on other attitudinal and psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, successfulness, involvement and degree of use

IMPELEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL TERHADAP PENGAWASAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PENGUASAAN HAK ATAS TANAH (Studi Kasus Pendaftaran Tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat)

Pendaftaran tanah adalah rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah secara terus-menerus, berkesinambungan dan teratur dengan tujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Hal ini berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 PP Nomor 24 Tahun 1997. Idealnya kegiatan pendaftaran tanah pada kantor BPN dapat menjamin tertib administrasi pertanahan. Pada kenyataannya hal tersebut masih belum dapat dicapai, ditunjukkan oleh sistem pemetaan tanah yang tidak akurat, ketiadaan pertanggungjawaban atas produk sertifikat hak atas tanah, SDM tidak memenuhi syarat, dan teknologi yang tidak mendukung sehingga belum mengakibatkan belum dapat terciptanya tertib administrasi pertanahan. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah mengapa kebijakan BPN terhadap pengawasan dan pengendalian penguasaan hak atas tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat belum mencapai tertib administrasi pertanahan dan bagaimana konsep BPN terhadap pengawasan dan pengendalian penguasaan hak atas tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan socio legal, yang melakukan penelitian terhadap dua aspek yaitu aspek legal research, yakni objek penelitian yang berupa hukum dalam arti norm (peraturan perundang-undangan) dan aspek socio research, yaitu digunakannya metode dan teori ilmu-ilmu sosial tentang hukum untuk membantu peneliti dalam melakukan analisis. Hasil penelitian adalah belum terciptanya administrasi pertanahan disebabkan pemetaan tanah yang tidak akurat, ketiadaan pertanggungjawaban atas produk sertifikat hak atas tanah, SDM tidak memenuhi syarat, teknologi yang kurang mendukung dan konsep kebijakan BPN adalah dengan meningkatkan sistem pengawasan terhadap pedoman kerja maupun prosedur kerja dalam kegiatan pendaftaran tanah dan melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap hak atas tanah terkait dengan penguasaan atas tanah, sehingga hak atas tanah akan terkendali sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan melakukan pengendalian penguasaan terhadap hak atas tanah. Saran yang penulis berikan adalah agar BPN lebih aktif dalam meningkatkan pengawasan dan pemantauan terhadap penguasaan hak atas tanah dalam kegiatan pendaftaran tanah secara konsisten

Are foreign multinationals more efficient? A stochastic production frontier analysis of Malaysia's automobile industry

This paper compares the sources of total factor productivity (TFP) growth of foreign (establishments with 51% and above foreign equity ownership) and local establishments in Malaysia’s automotive sector by applying a stochastic production frontier to a panel of 510 plants for the period 2000-2004. The results showed that TFP growth for local automobile plants was minimal at 0.63% and minimally negative at -0.27% for foreign plants. On average,over the study period, technical efficiency changes contributed positively toward TFP growth but scale efficiency changes were negative for both local and foreign establishments. Technical progress was minimally positive for local establishments and minimally negative for foreign establishments.The small size of plants and the lower share of white-collar workers were significant in explaining plant inefficiency in Malaysia’s automobile sector. A higher capital-labour ratio was positively related to plant inefficiency and this may be due to excess capacity in the automobile sector as a result of a small domestic market. Finally, foreign multinationals are significantly more efficient than locally owned plants

Empty nose syndrome : case report

Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS) is a term first introduced by Kern and Moore which is used to describe a rare spectrum of various symptoms suffered by patients who had had previous radical turbinate surgery with a CT scan appearance of the paranasal sinuses after gross tissue loss. The most common symptom is so- called ‘‘paradoxical’’ nasal obstruction, reported by the patient despite objectively permeable cavities on clinical examination with no obstacle found on imaging or rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry.1 In most cases, the inferior turbinate (IT) has been resected radically even though middle turbinate (MT) resection has also been implicated.2 Incidence is unknown, as there have been no specific studies published. The estimated rate of ENS following inferior turbinate resection is 20%, which induces simple dry nose.peer-reviewe

Using Support Vector Machine for Prediction Dynamic Voltage Collapse in an Actual Power System

Abstract—This paper presents dynamic voltage collapse prediction on an actual power system using support vector machines. Dynamic voltage collapse prediction is first determined based on the PTSI calculated from information in dynamic simulation output. Simulations were carried out on a practical 87 bus test system by considering load increase as the contingency. The data collected from the time domain simulation is then used as input to the SVM in which support vector regression is used as a predictor to determine the dynamic voltage collapse indices of the power system. To reduce training time and improve accuracy of the SVM, the Kernel function type and Kernel parameter are considered. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SVM method, its performance is compared with the multi layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). Studies show that the SVM gives faster and more accurate results for dynamic voltage collapse prediction compared with the MLPNN. Keywor ds —Dynamic voltage collapse, prediction, artificial neural network, support vector machines

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Siswa dan Guru Sekolah Dasar Akibat Cemaran Logam Berat (Zn dan Ni) dalam TSP (Studi Kasus : SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang)

ABSTRAK Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Siswa dan Guru Sekolah Dasar Akibat Cemaran Logam Berat (Zn dan Ni) dalam TSP (Studi Kasus : SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang) *)Noor Aini Sholihah, **)Pertiwi Andarani, **)Irawan Wisnu Wardhana Peningkatan kebutuhan transportasi menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa pencemaran udara. Logam berat (Zn dan Ni) merupakan salah satu unsur pencemar udara yang ikut bersama Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). Lokasi sekolah yang berdekatan dengan sumber pencemaran udara seperti jalan raya dapat menimbulkan risiko terhadap kesehatan siswa dan gurunya akibat cemaran tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui besarnya konsentrasi unsur pencemar TSP, Zn dan Ni; menghitung tingkat risiko cemaran; serta menganalisis tingkat risikonya terhadap kesehatan siswa dan guru SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengambilan TSP adalah High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS), sedangkan pengujian konsentrasi Zn dan Ni dilakukan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Konsentrasi TSP serta logam berat (Zn dan Ni) di udara ambien pada SDN Pandeanlamper 01 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SDN Srondol Wetan 03. Nilai hazard index logam Ni dan Zn untuk seluruh responden di kedua sekolah menunjukkan angka di bawah 1, yang berarti bahwa kemungkinan efek non karsinogenik akibat paparan logam Ni dan Zn tidak terjadi. Nilai Cancer Risk Inhalation logam Ni untuk responden guru baik SDN Pandeanlamper 01 maupun SDN Srondol Wetan 03 menunjukkan angka di bawah 10-6, yang berarti bahwa kemungkinan efek karsinogenik akibat paparan logam Ni tidak terjadi atau dapat dikatakan aman. Perbandingan tingkat risiko antara kedua sekolah untuk efek non karsinogen menunjukkan nilai hazard index logam Zn dan Ni untuk siswa kelas satu, siswa kelas enam dan guru yang berbeda signifikan, kecuali untuk logam Zn pada responden guru yang tidak berbeda signifikan. Sedangkan untuk efek karsinogen menunjukkan nilai cancer risk logam Ni pada responden guru tidak berbeda signifikan untuk kedua sekolah. Kata Kunci : Pencemaran Udara, TSP, Zn, Ni, Analisis Risiko ABSTRACT Health Risk Analysis of Primary School Students and Teachers Due to Heavy Metals Contamination (Zn and Ni) in TSP (Case Study: SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang) *)Noor Aini Sholihah, **)Pertiwi Andarani, **)Irawan Wisnu Wardhana The increasing need of transportation means causing negative impacts of air pollution. Heavy metals (Zn and Ni) are among the elements of air pollutants in Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). School locations close to air pollution sources such as roads can cause health risks to students and teachers due to the contamination. This study aims to be able to know the concentration of pollutant elements TSP, Zn and Ni; Calculate the level of risk of contamination; And analyzed the level of risk to the health of the students and teachers of SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03. The tools used in TSP are High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS), while the Zn and Ni concentration testing is done using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP -OES). The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals (Zn and Ni) in ambient air at SDN Pandeanlamper 01 were higher than that of SDN Srondol Wetan 03. The hazard index values for Ni and Zn metals for all respondents in both schools showed a number below 1, Non-carcinogenic effects due to exposure to Ni and Zn metals do not occur. The value of Cancer Risk Inhalation of Ni metal for teacher respondents both SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03 shows a number below 10-6, which means that the possible carcinogenic effects due to exposure to Ni metals do not occur or can be said to be safe. The comparison of risk levels between the two schools for non-carcinogenic effects indicates that the value of hazard index for Zn and Ni metals for first grade students, sixth grade students and teachers is significantly different, except for Zn metal in teacher respondents which is not significantly different. As for the carcinogen effect showed that the risk of Ni metal risk on teacher respondents did not differ significantly for both schools. Keywords: Air Pollution, TSP, Zn, Ni, Risk Analysi