Decision Boundaries and Classification Performance Of SVM And KNN Classifiers For 2-Dimensional Dataset

Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighborhood (k-NN) are two most popular classifiers in machine learning. In this paper, we intend to study the generalization performance of the two classifiers by visualizing the decision boundary of each classifier when subjected to a two-dimensional (2-D) dataset. Four different sets of database comprising of 2-D datasets namely the eigenpostures of human (EPHuman), the breast cancer (BCancer), the Swiss roll (SRoll) and Twinpeaks (Tpeaks) were used in this study. Results obtained confirmed SVM classifier superb generalization performance since it contributed the lower classification error rate when compared to the k-NN classifier during the training for binary classification of all 2-D datasets. This is evident and can be clearly visualized through the plots depicting the decision boundaries of the binary classification task

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING SPEAKING AT SMA ISLAM\ud KEPANJEN

The objectives of this study were 1) to know the objective of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 2) to know the topic covered in teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 3) to know the technique of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen, 4) to know the technique of evaluation used in teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen.\ud In this study, the writer used descriptive research because it described the implementation of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen. Moreover, the writer took the English\ud teacher in the secondary year students at SMA Islam Kepanjen as the research subject.\ud Meanwhile, the research instruments that were used by the writer to collect data are interview and observation. The writer used semistructured interview, because in addition\ud to the questions that had been prepared before, the researcher would also asked for the questions during the interview about the implementation of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen.\ud Based on the research finding, some conclusions can be drawn. First, the objectives of teaching speaking at SMA Islam Kepanjen were: 1) to achieve how to speak English\ud commonly well by giving some texts, 2) to understand about the topics that they learn, 3) to develop the words of the texts by their own understanding, 4) to practice by their own language about the objects of the texts that they learn. The second was the topics of teaching speaking in SMA Islam Kepanjen. The topics were: “Greeting”, “Expressing”, “Telling a short story”. The teacher thought that “Telling a short story” is the most interesting, because the topic will be able to give knowledge about English widely. Then, the third was the techniques of teaching speaking. Those are: drilling, give some texts,\ud give an example, and practice. The teacher thought that the drilling is the most affective, because he said that language was habit and we had to make it as a habit. The last was the techniques of evaluation in teaching speaking. The English teacher in SMA Islam Kepanjen used the techniques of evaluation to evaluate the students’ ability objectively.\ud Then, to evaluate the students’ affective domain, the teacher used students’ attendance, and students’ attitudes. And in cognitive domain, the teacher used some tests to evaluate the students’ intellectual ability. The teacher did not use psychomotor domain to evaluate the students because he did not need this domain to evaluate their students in teaching speaking

THE USE OF WORKBOOK TO TEACH ENGLISH AT SLTPN 4 BATU

Instructional material is an important element in the teaching and learning process. There are many kinds of sources can be used by the teacher to convey material to the students. Besides using textbook, the teacher needs supplementary material from other sources, for example; the use of workbook. Workbook functions as supplementing the textbook program in skills, aiding in maintaining good language habits. Workbook provides many exercises for the students to help them study English. The purposes of this study are to know the relevance of workbook used by the teacher and the students at SLTPN 04 Batu with the curriculum, to know how the teacher used workbook, and the students used workbook and students’ perceptions about the use of workbook at SLTPN 04 Batu. This study is descriptive one. In this case, the writer used three research subjects, those are; workbook (prestasi), the teacher and the students of second grade of SLTPN 04 Batu. The instruments used in this research were structured questionnaire, observation checklist and document. In eliciting the data using questionnaire, the writer grouped the students’ answers based on the occurrence of the items in each question. Then the writer converted score into percentage. From the data above, the writer could conclude the result of the questionnaire. The observation checklist was analyzed to answer how the teacher and the students used the workbook. The research problem number one was answered by analyzing the workbook. Based on the research finding, the writer concluded that the workbook used by the teacher and the students was relevance to the Basic Course Outline, the teacher and the students used this workbook as supplementary material in learning English, and the students’ perceived positively toward the workbook used in the teaching and learning process because this workbook helped them to study English

CLASSIFICATION OF FEATURE SELECTION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Pattern recognition (PR) is the central in a variety of engineering applications. For this reason, it is indeed vital to develop efficient pattern recognition systems that facilitate decision making automatically and reliably. In this study, the implementation of PR system based on computational intelligence approach namely artificial neural network (ANN) is performed subsequent to selection of the best feature vectors. A framework to determine the best eigenvectors which we named as ‘eigenpostures’ of four main human postures specifically, standing, squatting/sitting, bending and lying based on the rules of thumb of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been developed. Accordingly, all three rules of PCA namely the KG-rule, Cumulative Variance and the Scree test suggest retaining only 35 main principal component or ‘eigenpostures’. Next, these ‘eigenpostures’ are statistically analyzed via Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) prior to classification. Thus, the most relevant component of the selected eigenpostures can be determined. Both categories of ‘eigenpostures’ prior to ANOVA as well as after ANOVA served as inputs to the ANN classifier to verify the effectiveness of feature selection based on statistical analysis. Results attained confirmed that the statistical analysis has enabled us to perform effectively the selection of eigenpostures for classification of four types of human postures

IMPELEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL TERHADAP PENGAWASAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PENGUASAAN HAK ATAS TANAH (Studi Kasus Pendaftaran Tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat)

Pendaftaran tanah adalah rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah secara terus-menerus, berkesinambungan dan teratur dengan tujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Hal ini berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan Pasal 3 PP Nomor 24 Tahun 1997. Idealnya kegiatan pendaftaran tanah pada kantor BPN dapat menjamin tertib administrasi pertanahan. Pada kenyataannya hal tersebut masih belum dapat dicapai, ditunjukkan oleh sistem pemetaan tanah yang tidak akurat, ketiadaan pertanggungjawaban atas produk sertifikat hak atas tanah, SDM tidak memenuhi syarat, dan teknologi yang tidak mendukung sehingga belum mengakibatkan belum dapat terciptanya tertib administrasi pertanahan. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah mengapa kebijakan BPN terhadap pengawasan dan pengendalian penguasaan hak atas tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat belum mencapai tertib administrasi pertanahan dan bagaimana konsep BPN terhadap pengawasan dan pengendalian penguasaan hak atas tanah di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan socio legal, yang melakukan penelitian terhadap dua aspek yaitu aspek legal research, yakni objek penelitian yang berupa hukum dalam arti norm (peraturan perundang-undangan) dan aspek socio research, yaitu digunakannya metode dan teori ilmu-ilmu sosial tentang hukum untuk membantu peneliti dalam melakukan analisis. Hasil penelitian adalah belum terciptanya administrasi pertanahan disebabkan pemetaan tanah yang tidak akurat, ketiadaan pertanggungjawaban atas produk sertifikat hak atas tanah, SDM tidak memenuhi syarat, teknologi yang kurang mendukung dan konsep kebijakan BPN adalah dengan meningkatkan sistem pengawasan terhadap pedoman kerja maupun prosedur kerja dalam kegiatan pendaftaran tanah dan melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap hak atas tanah terkait dengan penguasaan atas tanah, sehingga hak atas tanah akan terkendali sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dengan melakukan pengendalian penguasaan terhadap hak atas tanah. Saran yang penulis berikan adalah agar BPN lebih aktif dalam meningkatkan pengawasan dan pemantauan terhadap penguasaan hak atas tanah dalam kegiatan pendaftaran tanah secara konsisten

Adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming system in Malaysia

Malaysian government had encouraged the adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming system (ICOFS) since the year 1998. This is due to large areas of land suitable for ICOFS in Malaysia that can be well utilised. Rising up the participation in ICOFS is one of the effort in facing the increasing demand of meat nationwide and growing dependency on imported meat. Apart from that, Malaysia needs to increase the self�sufficiency level of national meat production to 32.7% by 2020 as stated in the National Agri-Food Policy 2011-2020. Despite this, only a small number of farmers have adopted ICOFS in Malaysia and less is known so far about the farmer's attitudes towards the ICOFS in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current practice as well as factors affecting and constraints to the adoption of ICOFS in Malaysia. Interviews of four selected experts in ICOFS were held to examine the current practice of ICOFS in Malaysia. Results from the interviews and literature review have been cross-compared to develop questionnaire instruments. Then, the survey questionnaire was carried out to 153 adopters and non-adopters of ICOFS in Johor, Malaysia to identify the key factors that influence the adoption of ICOFS. The study found that information and know-how and availability of skilled labour are the significant factors that encourage farmers to adopt ICOFS. On the other hand, government support and policy constraint and production and on-farm constraint are the significant constraints hindering the adoption of ICOFS. Based on the findings of this study, one of the measure to increase the rate of adoption of ICOFS are by helping the farmers to hire extra labour and to have skills needed. Furthermore, rate of ICOFS could also be increase by helping the farmers to have better control on weed, pest and diseases on farm as well as not interrupting their oil palm production. In addition, it is suggested to provide them with more opportunity towards incentives, training and technical support from the field officers. It is suggested for future research to explore the effect of factors affecting adoption and constraints to adoption on other attitudinal and psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, successfulness, involvement and degree of use

Cytotoxicity of extract of Malaysian Mitragyna Speciosa Korth and its dominant Alkaloid Mitragynine

Mitragyna speciosa Korth (Kratom), a herb of the Rubiaceae family is indigenous in southeast Asia mainly in Malaysia and Thailand. It is used as an opium substitute and has been increasingly abused by drug addicts in Malaysia. Recently, the potent analgesic effect of plant extract and its dominant alkaloid mitragynine (MIT) were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. MIT acted primarily on μ- and δ-opioid receptors, suggesting that MIT or similar compounds could be promising alternatives for future pain management treatments. However the potential cytotoxicity of this plant is unknown. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of methanol-chloroform extract (MSE) and MIT on human cell lines (HepG2, HEK 293, MCL-5, cHol and SH-SY5Y cells) has been examined. MSE appeared to exhibit dose-dependant inhibition of cell proliferation in all cell lines examined, at concentration > 100 μg/ml with substantial cell death at 1000 μg/ml. SH-SY5Y was the most sensitive cell line examined. MIT showed a similar response. Clonogenicity assay was performed to assess the longer- term effects of MSE and MIT. The colony forming ability of HEK 293 and SH-SY5Y cells was inhibited in a dose-dependant manner. Involvement of metabolism in cytotoxicity was further assessed by clonogenicity assay using rat liver S9 (induced by Arochlor 1254); toxicity increased 10-fold in both cell lines. To determine if cytotoxicity was accompanied by DNA damage, the Mouse lymphoma tk gene mutation assay was used. The results were negative for both MSE and MIT. Studies on the involvement of metabolism in cytotoxicity of MSE and MIT were performed using MCL-5 and it appeared that CYP 2E1 is involved in activation of cytotoxicity. Studies with opioid antagonists were performed using SH-SY5Y cells treated with MSE and MIT. Naloxone (μ and δ receptor antagonists), naltrindole (δ receptor antagonist) and cyprodime hydrobromide (μ receptor antagonist) confirmed that MSE cytotoxicity was associated with μ and δ receptor while MIT mainly acted on μ receptor. Studies on mechanism of MSE and MIT cytotoxicity showed that cell death observed at high dose was preceded by cell cycle arrest, however MSE cell arrest was independent of p53 and p21 while MIT showed opposite result. Studies have been undertaken to examine the nature of this cell death. Morphological examinations showed that cell death induced by MSE was cell type dependant, in which SH-SY5Y cells appeared to die via apoptosis-like cell death while HEK 293 and MCL-5 cells predominantly via necrosis. Biochemical assessments confirmed that MSE induced cell death independent of p53 or caspases pathway while MIT cell death appeared to be associated with p53 and caspases pathway. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MSE and MIT mediating cell death was performed using SH-SY5Y cells. The results appeared negative for both MSE and MIT treated cells. Collectively, the findings of these studies suggest that MSE and its dominant alkaloid MIT produced cytotoxicity effects at high dose. Thus, the consumption of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves may pose harmful effects to users if taken at high dose and the evidence for involvement of CYP 2E1 in increasing the MSE cytotoxicity suggests that caution may be required if the leaves are to be taken with CYP 2E1 inducers

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Siswa dan Guru Sekolah Dasar Akibat Cemaran Logam Berat (Zn dan Ni) dalam TSP (Studi Kasus : SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang)

ABSTRAK Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Siswa dan Guru Sekolah Dasar Akibat Cemaran Logam Berat (Zn dan Ni) dalam TSP (Studi Kasus : SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang) *)Noor Aini Sholihah, **)Pertiwi Andarani, **)Irawan Wisnu Wardhana Peningkatan kebutuhan transportasi menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa pencemaran udara. Logam berat (Zn dan Ni) merupakan salah satu unsur pencemar udara yang ikut bersama Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). Lokasi sekolah yang berdekatan dengan sumber pencemaran udara seperti jalan raya dapat menimbulkan risiko terhadap kesehatan siswa dan gurunya akibat cemaran tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui besarnya konsentrasi unsur pencemar TSP, Zn dan Ni; menghitung tingkat risiko cemaran; serta menganalisis tingkat risikonya terhadap kesehatan siswa dan guru SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengambilan TSP adalah High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS), sedangkan pengujian konsentrasi Zn dan Ni dilakukan menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Konsentrasi TSP serta logam berat (Zn dan Ni) di udara ambien pada SDN Pandeanlamper 01 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan SDN Srondol Wetan 03. Nilai hazard index logam Ni dan Zn untuk seluruh responden di kedua sekolah menunjukkan angka di bawah 1, yang berarti bahwa kemungkinan efek non karsinogenik akibat paparan logam Ni dan Zn tidak terjadi. Nilai Cancer Risk Inhalation logam Ni untuk responden guru baik SDN Pandeanlamper 01 maupun SDN Srondol Wetan 03 menunjukkan angka di bawah 10-6, yang berarti bahwa kemungkinan efek karsinogenik akibat paparan logam Ni tidak terjadi atau dapat dikatakan aman. Perbandingan tingkat risiko antara kedua sekolah untuk efek non karsinogen menunjukkan nilai hazard index logam Zn dan Ni untuk siswa kelas satu, siswa kelas enam dan guru yang berbeda signifikan, kecuali untuk logam Zn pada responden guru yang tidak berbeda signifikan. Sedangkan untuk efek karsinogen menunjukkan nilai cancer risk logam Ni pada responden guru tidak berbeda signifikan untuk kedua sekolah. Kata Kunci : Pencemaran Udara, TSP, Zn, Ni, Analisis Risiko ABSTRACT Health Risk Analysis of Primary School Students and Teachers Due to Heavy Metals Contamination (Zn and Ni) in TSP (Case Study: SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang) *)Noor Aini Sholihah, **)Pertiwi Andarani, **)Irawan Wisnu Wardhana The increasing need of transportation means causing negative impacts of air pollution. Heavy metals (Zn and Ni) are among the elements of air pollutants in Total Suspended Particulate (TSP). School locations close to air pollution sources such as roads can cause health risks to students and teachers due to the contamination. This study aims to be able to know the concentration of pollutant elements TSP, Zn and Ni; Calculate the level of risk of contamination; And analyzed the level of risk to the health of the students and teachers of SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03. The tools used in TSP are High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS), while the Zn and Ni concentration testing is done using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP -OES). The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals (Zn and Ni) in ambient air at SDN Pandeanlamper 01 were higher than that of SDN Srondol Wetan 03. The hazard index values for Ni and Zn metals for all respondents in both schools showed a number below 1, Non-carcinogenic effects due to exposure to Ni and Zn metals do not occur. The value of Cancer Risk Inhalation of Ni metal for teacher respondents both SDN Pandeanlamper 01 and SDN Srondol Wetan 03 shows a number below 10-6, which means that the possible carcinogenic effects due to exposure to Ni metals do not occur or can be said to be safe. The comparison of risk levels between the two schools for non-carcinogenic effects indicates that the value of hazard index for Zn and Ni metals for first grade students, sixth grade students and teachers is significantly different, except for Zn metal in teacher respondents which is not significantly different. As for the carcinogen effect showed that the risk of Ni metal risk on teacher respondents did not differ significantly for both schools. Keywords: Air Pollution, TSP, Zn, Ni, Risk Analysi

PENGARUH E-SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DENGAN KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI (Studi Kasus di Marketplace Shopee pada Online Shop “Grosir Asemka”)

This research was conducted on Grosir Asemka consumers who made purchases through the Shopee marketplace, with the aim of the study to determine: the effect of e-service quality on purchasing decisions, es-service quality on consumer trust, consumer trust in purchasing decisions and e-service quality on purchasing decisions through consumer trust. This research uses the SPSS 25 for Windows Program tool, and uses 125 respondents. This research uses the method of scale range analysis and path analysis. The results of this study are as follows: e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on consumer trust, consumer trust has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and consumer trust has a mediating role in the relationship between e-service quality and purchasing decisions

Pemikiran Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali tentang alat musik dan hukum jual belinya

Skripsi yang berjudul “Pemikiran Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali Tentang Alat Musik dan Hukum Jual Belinya” merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana hukum alat musik dan jual belinya menurut Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali? dan bagaimana analisis pemikiran Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali terhadap alat musik dan jual belinya?. Data penelitian ini dihimpun melalui studi dokumen dan literatur yang ada berdasarkan masalah yang diteliti. Data-data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis dengan pola pikir induktif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: pertama, Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali membolehkan pemakaian dan jual beli alat musik, karena tidak ada ayat Alquran dan hadis yang secara tegas melarangnya, kecuali pemakaian dan penjualbelian seruling dan gitar yang digunakan dalam kemaksiatan. Hal ini berarti pelarangan tersebut bukan didasarkan pada keindahan suara yang timbul dari kedua alat musik tersebut; kedua, Pemikiran Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali tentang alat musik dan hukum jual belinya tersebut sesuai dengan syari’ah karena berdasarkan ayat Alquran dan hadis yang kuat. Begitu juga mengenai keharaman pemakaian serta jual beli seruling dan gitar yang bergantung pada illatnya (digunakan untuk kemaksiatan) juga sejalan dengan syari’ah karena sesungguhnya semua suara tidak diharamkan termasuk suara yang indah. Sejalan kesimpulan di atas, maka sebaiknya dalam kitab karangan Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali itu lebih memfokuskan ke pendapatnya sendiri bukan bercampur aduk dengan pendapat para ulama’ lain serta memberikan perbedaan antara pendapatnya dengan yang lain agar lebih mudah dipahami oleh pembaca