Inclusive Leadership Questionnaire: The Design and Validation of a Theory-based Instrument

The increasing diversity, globalization and aging of the U.S. workforce have put pressure on organizations to better understand and manage diversity (Perry & Li, 2019). While there are various ways in which companies can “manage” this diversity, increasing attention is being paid to the role that leaders play (Avery & McKay, 2010). More specifically, a number of authors have begun to discuss the potential benefits of inclusive leadership in managing increasingly diverse employees (Randel et al., 2018). Despite discussions about the potential benefits of inclusive leadership, there is relatively little consensus about what inclusive leadership is and how best to measure it (Randel, Dean, Ehrhart, Chung, & Shore, 2016). The purpose of current research is to highlight the limitations of previous measures and to begin to develop a more theoretically grounded and empirically valid measure of inclusive leadership. Based on a review of inclusion and inclusive leadership literature, a measure of inclusive leadership was designed, evaluated by six subject matter experts, and administered to a large MTurk sample (N = 529). The current research found that inclusive leadership is a multi-dimensional construct that includes leadership behaviors of treating all work unit members with fairness, equality, and respect; encouraging integration of and synergy among all work unit members; and translating (i.e., compliance and implementation) organizational diversity and inclusion related policies and programs that support inclusion and prevent exclusion into explicit diversity and inclusion practices in the work unit. The current research established a content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and criterion valid and reliable measure of inclusive leadership, the Inclusive Leadership Questionnaire (ILQ), that can be used to help academics better understand what inclusive leadership is, how best to measure it, and assess its impact on work-related processes and outcomes. Additionally, practitioners can use this measure to assess the strengths and development opportunities of leaders; develop inclusive leadership capabilities; facilitate the incorporation of behavior based inclusive leadership criteria into the talent management system; and continuously make progress toward the goal of creating an inclusive workplace and gaining long-term organization health and growth

中国草地管理の政策決定過程に関する研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 坂本 麻衣子, 東京大学教授 堀田 昌英, 東京大学教授 本田 利器, 東京大学特任准教授 鎗目 雅, 東京大学准教授 田原 史起University of Tokyo(東京大学

Case Report: A rare case of primary hepatic paraganglioma: a mimicker of hepatocellular carcinoma

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are pheochromocytomas outside the adrenal glands, most commonly found in the retroperitoneal space, head and neck, bladder, and mediastinum. However, PGL occurring in the liver are extremely rare. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with right upper abdominal pain, persisting for 2 years. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a 3.8 x 2.7 cm hypervascular nodule in the caudate lobe of the liver, demonstrating arterial phase hyperenhancement and portal/delayed phase washout. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further demonstrated diffusion restriction and low signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of the nodule. Based on these imaging features, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was initially diagnosed radiologically. Surgical resection was performed, and immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin (Syn), and S - 100 protein, confirming the diagnosis of primary hepatic PGL (HPGL). This case highlights that hypervascular lesions with washout and HBP hypointensity may mimic HCC. Pathological verification is crucial, especially in patients without typical HCC risk factors. Although exceedingly rare, HPGL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular hepatic nodules demonstrating typical arterial phase hyperenhancement and portal/delayed washout on CT/MRI, particularly in female patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms and lacking typical HCC risk factors such as hepatitis, alcohol abuse, or elevated tumor markers

Comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted role of ITGAV in digestive system cancer progression and immune infiltration

BackgroundDigestive system cancers are among the most common malignancies, exhibiting consistently high incidence and mortality rates, yet effective detection and treatment targets remain limited. Integrin αv (ITGAV, CD51) is a significant member of the integrin family, widely recognized for its role in mediating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as intracellular signaling. In recent years, ITGAV has been found to have significantly elevated expression in multiple tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma, and was considered to be a key component in various stages of tumor progression. However, no systematic digestive system cancer analysis has been conducted to explore its function in prognosis, diagnosis, and immunology.MethodsTranscriptome sequencing and clinical data of samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), cBioPortal, TIMER and TISIDB databases. Bioinformatics methods were employed to investigate the potential oncogenicity of ITGAV, focusing specifically on the analysis of its prognosis, diagnostic value, and immune infiltration level of ITGAV in digestive system cancers. In addition, GO, KEGG, and PPI network analysis revealed the biological functions and related signaling pathways related to ITGAV. Finally, the role of ITGAV in regulating cancer progression was experimentally verified using hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer as examples.ResultsWe found that ITGAV was highly expressed in multiple digestive system cancers. In addition, high expression of ITGAV was closely associated with poor prognosis and showed potential for early diagnosis. Enrichment of pathways related to extracellular matrix organizing processes and tumor migratory movements was identified. In vitro, results showed that the knockdown of ITGAV significantly inhibited the migratory movement ability of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells, while its overexpression significantly promoted the migration of the above cells. Finally, immunoassays showed a significant correlation between ITGAV expression and the infiltration level of various immune cells, further clarifying the critical role of ITGAV in the tumor immune microenvironment.ConclusionOur results elucidated the importance of ITGAV in the prognostic assessment, early diagnosis, and targeted immunotherapy of digestive system cancers, and revealed its multifaceted role in regulating cancer progression

Facilitating International Cooperation on Air Pollution in East Asia: Fragmentation of the Epistemic Communities

To tackle transboundary air pollution in East Asia, international schemes for environmental cooperation have been introduced, including the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), Long-Range Transboundary Pollution of China, Japan and Korea (LTP), and the North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC). These programs, however, have not been successful in establishing robust regimes for effectively reducing transboundary air pollution in the region. This paper aims to examine the process of forming epistemic communities through these programs in East Asia. A bibliometric data on the scientific articles and reports produced were analyzed to examine the network structure of the scientific activities through EANET. The fragmentation of expert groups within EANET and among the major international schemes on air pollution in East Asia contributed to discouraging solid formation of an epistemic community covering air pollution comprehensively in the region. That makes it difficult to reach a consensus based on the current state of scientific knowledge on air pollution for providing effective advice and recommendations for the development of policies and regulations

Polarization and clustering in scientific debates and problem framing: network analysis of the science-policy interface for grassland management in China

Environmental problems are usually framed by a repertoire of arguments articulated by a network of individuals (scientists and policymakers) and their affiliated institutions. Given the complexity of this network, it is important to conduct network analyses on both individual and organizational levels to achieve a better understanding of the underlying political structure that influences science-policy communication. Through an empirical study of a policy network related to grassland management in China, our study examines the underlying political structure of the network as well as its political impact on the problem-framing processes. The analysis reveals that political polarization and power imbalances in the network, the product of existing institutional arrangements, have confined the framing of environmental problems to specific areas and impeded the development of comprehensive policies

Polarization and clustering in scientific debates and problem framing: network analysis of the science-policy interface for grassland management in China

Environmental problems are usually framed by a repertoire of arguments articulated by a network of individuals (scientists and policymakers) and their affiliated institutions. Given the complexity of this network, it is important to conduct network analyses on both individual and organizational levels to achieve a better understanding of the underlying political structure that influences science-policy communication. Through an empirical study of a policy network related to grassland management in China, our study examines the underlying political structure of the network as well as its political impact on the problem-framing processes. The analysis reveals that political polarization and power imbalances in the network, the product of existing institutional arrangements, have confined the framing of environmental problems to specific areas and impeded the development of comprehensive policies