Correlation between Microbial Community Composition and Characteristic Flavor Substances in Stinky Mandarin Fish during Low-Temperature Fermentation

We undertook this work in order to study the correlation between the microbial community composition and the characteristic flavor substances in stinky mandarin fish during the low-temperature fermentation process. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the microbial community composition. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the volatile flavor substances, and the characteristic flavor substances were identified by multivariate statistical analysis combined with odor activity value (OAV). The correlation between the microbial flora and the characteristic flavor substances was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that Lactobacillus sakei, Hafnia alvei and Serratia plymuthica were the dominant microorganisms during the low-temperature fermentation process. A total of 81 volatile flavor substances were detected, and the characteristic flavor substances identified included 1-octen-3-ol, eucalyptol, linalool, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, trimethylamine, D-limonene, and o-cymene. L. sakei showed a significant positive correlation with linalool and o-cymene (P < 0.05). H. alvei and S. plymuthica were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the aroma substances D-limonene and linalool as well as the odorous substance trimethylamine (P < 0.05). The results provide a theoretical basis for developing functional starters and regulating the flavor quality of stinky mandarin fish

Mitochondria and neuroplasticity

The production of neurons from neural progenitor cells, the growth of axons and dendrites and the formation and reorganization of synapses are examples of neuroplasticity. These processes are regulated by cell-autonomous and intercellular (paracrine and endocrine) programs that mediate responses of neural cells to environmental input. Mitochondria are highly mobile and move within and between subcellular compartments involved in neuroplasticity (synaptic terminals, dendrites, cell body and the axon). By generating energy (ATP and NAD+), and regulating subcellular Ca2+ and redox homoeostasis, mitochondria may play important roles in controlling fundamental processes in neuroplasticity, including neural differentiation, neurite outgrowth, neurotransmitter release and dendritic remodelling. Particularly intriguing is emerging data suggesting that mitochondria emit molecular signals (e.g. reactive oxygen species, proteins and lipid mediators) that can act locally or travel to distant targets including the nucleus. Disturbances in mitochondrial functions and signalling may play roles in impaired neuroplasticity and neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, psychiatric disorders and stroke

The Empirical Research of Factors Influencing Share of Wallet in the B2B Market

Share of wallet is a key factor in Customer relationship management system (CRM) which is an important application of E-business. Research has found that share of wallet is an important indicator to measure customer loyalty and customer potential value. On the basis of the existent marketing literatures, this study analyzes the variables influencing share of wallet according the traits of the B2B market. This paper brings forward interrelated hypotheses and conceptual model, then test the hypotheses with enterprises survey in the B2B market. Finally we use path analysis to find the principal factors influencing share of wallet and the relationships in them. The results of this research provide theoretical foundation to upgrade CRM management level of the B2B enterprises, and there is a certain reference value to predict share of wallet in customer lifetime value’s (CLV) measurement