Performance Evaluation of Potassium Dichromate and Potassium Chromate Inhibitors on Concrete Steel Rebar Corrosion

This study investigated the performance of potassium dichromate and potassium chromate inhibitors on the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete partially immersed in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride medium. The open circuit potential corrosion monitoring technique was employed for the acidic and marine simulating environments, and potential readings were taken in accordance with ASTM C 876. Inhibiting quality and uniformity of the inhibitors were then analyzed using an extreme value statistical modeling approach of the Weibull probability density distribution for determining the most efficient inhibitor. In the inhibitor concentrations used, the statistically analyzed experimental results identified 0.145M potassium chromate as exhibiting the best inhibiting quality in sulfuric acid whereas the synergetic admixture of 0.032 M potassium dichromate and 0.097 M potassium chromate was predicted as showing the lowest probability of corrosion risk in sodium chloride solution. However, the overall probabilistic results rated potassium chromate as the best inhibitor compared to potassium dichromate in most of the other concentrations investigated in the study, especially in concrete structures exposed to saline environments

Resurgence of Ethnic Crises and Instability in Nigeria

The three major ethno-political structures (the Hausa - Fulani of the North, the Ibo of the East and the Yoruba of the West) into which Nigeria was carved by the colonialist have been one of the most debilitating problem at the root of ethnic crises witnessed since the Nigeria independence in 1960.The communities conquered by the British military power were different in race and language and in social and political organization. The emirates of Northern Nigeria were largely under the influence of Islamic culture for over six centuries and had little in common with the Yoruba and Ibo ethnic groups from the south. For the colonialist the situation created the problem of how to unite the inharmonious elements into a coherent whole while preserving each group’s sufficient autonomy to satisfy cultural aspirations The significant issue most especially in Nigerian Constitutional development from the colonization of Lagos territory in 1857 has been the unification and development of a common nationality. Though the struggle for independence in Nigeria was fought largely on one united front, disagreements among the several disparate nationalists groups were submerged. Despite several attempts that were made by the colonialist and Nigerian political leaders after independence to foster Nigeria unity, there exists persistent cavernous ethnic tension and crises engendered by mistrust and fear of domination, resulting to exaggerated political competition. The focus of this paper is therefore, to examine the effect of ethnic crises in the context of national integration process in Nigeria

Covid-19 mõju avalike alade kasutamisele elamurajoonides Iikeja, Lagose Osariigis, Nigeerias näitel

Master’s Thesis Curriculum in Landscape ArchitectureOpen space refers to both natural and human-made areas that are used for outdoor recreation, However, there are only a few studies on the usage of open spaces in Nigeria. The embracement of the use of open spaces has been a questionable act in Nigeria as a result of people's perception, urbanization rate, inadequate planning, and adherence to cultural practices. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there has been a decrease in the use of open spaces to curb the spread of the virus. The research is aimed at the impact of Covid-19 on open spaces usage in the neighborhood of Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria, during the pandemic. A research study was conducted among 80 respondents residing in Ikeja LGA. A convenience sampling technique was used to select respondents, with a semi-structured questionnaire to support the research objectives. Conversely, data was collected through Google Forms and oral interviews, and then data analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0. The findings revealed that the use of the public spaces by the younger population in the study area has reduced since the outbreak of Covid-19, while the older population indicated that they avoided using the open spaces due to the panic of Covid-19 effect on their health. Furthermore, this research brings out that the older population felt disengaged from their normal daily life even before the emergence of Covid-19. Secondly, it was revealed that since the pandemic, the use and value of public spaces in the study area had reduced drastically.Avalik ala viitab nii looduslikele kui ka inimtekkelistele aladele, mida kasutatakse õues puhkamiseks, kuid Nigeerias on läbi viidud vähe uuringuid nende kasutamise kohta. Selliste ruumide omaksvõtt on Nigeerias olnud keeruline inimeste arvamuste, urbaniseerumise määra, ebapiisava planeerimise ning kultuuritavade järgimise tõttu. Alates SARS-CoV-2 tekkimisest on vähenenud alade kasutamine viiruse leviku piiramiseks. See lõputöö mille eesmärk on vaadelda Covid-19 mõju avalike alade kasutamisele Ikeja kohaliku omavalitsuse piirkonnas, Lagos, Nigeerias. Uurimus viidi läbi 80 Ikeja LGA-s elava vastaja seas. Vastajate valimiseks kasutati mugandatud valimit koos poolstruktureeritud küsimustikuga, et toetada uurimuse eesmärke. Samal ajal koguti andmeid Google Formsi kaudu, suulisi intervjuusid ning andmeid analüüsiti IBM SPSS 20,0 abil. Järeldustest selgus, et uuringupiirkonna noorema elanikkonna alade kasutamine on vähenenud alates Covid-19 puhkemisest ning vanem elanikkond märkis, et nad vältisid avalike ruumide kasutamist murest, et Covid-19 võib mõjutada nende tervist. Lisaks tõid tulemused välja, et vanem elanikkond tundis end juba enne 19. Covid ilmumist oma tavalisest igapäevaelust eraldatuna. Uurimistööst selgus ka, et alates pandeemia algusest 2019. aastal on valimis olnud aladel avalike ruumide kasutus ja ruumi väärtus drastiliselt vähenenud

The effects of potassium on ammonium nutrition in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, mill., Heinz 1350).

Thesis (M.S.

WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR POWER GENERATION OF A LOCAL SITE IN GUSAU, NIGERIA

This study was used to evaluate the wind energy potential of a meteorological site in Gusau, the capital city of Zamfara state, in Nigeria. Twenty-one years (1987−2007) of three-hourly monthly mean wind data from the Nigeria Meteorological Department were assessed and subjected to two-parameter Weibull and other statistical analyses to determine the resource potential of the site for periods of months, seasons, and years. Attempts were made to compare the mean measured data with estimated data, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics were employed to show the site's wind profile's consistence with Weibull two-parameter distribution. The results showed that the monthly values of k and c ranged between 3.9 ≤ 7.9 and 4.0 ≤ 8.3, respectively, with over 80% of all the data having values ranging between 5 and 10 m/s or more. Most probable and maximum energy-carrying wind speeds also were found to be between 3.7 and 7.7 m/s and 4.5 and 9.3 m/s, respectively, across the period. Estimated wind power densities also ranged from 69.0 (in October) to 626.2 W/m2 (in January) at 10 m height. Seasonally, the dry season experiences higher wind speeds and the period of highest wind energy harvest could be from January to June every year

Aesthetic Attitude and Studio Ethics among Student of Ife Art School in Nigeria

Attitude is everything, and attitude in all societies is cultivated by responding positively or otherwise to ethics- sets of moral standards and principles guiding human operations and interactions. This paper discusses aesthetic attitude, art studio ethics, and responsiveness of art students to ethics and use/maintenance of studio facilities. Using the Fine and Applied Arts Department of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife as a template, the paper draws heavily on pedagogical art criticism and participant observation technique of art historical inquiry to establish the connectedness of aesthetic attitude, aesthetic experience and aesthetic standard, in relation to art training and artistic creativity. The study shows that an appreciable percentage of the students exhibited poor aesthetic attitude, which is traceable to a faulty (or imbalanced) visual aesthetic education provided within the context of Nigerian education curriculum. The study also reveals inadequate studio space, which constrains creativity and creative processes. The paper posits the grounding of visual art students in positive aesthetic attitude, maintenance culture and ethical behaviour to guarantee students’ holistic development as art professionals. It concludes that students’ attitude, with respect to art facilities and studio ethics, is a consequence of individual aesthetic education and experience; hence, it is behavioural. Keywords: Visual Art, Aesthetics, Art Studio, Aesthetic Attitude, Ethics DOI: 10.7176/ADS/101-04 Publication date:August 30th 202

STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AFFORDABILITY IN NIGERIA

Population in urban areas are growing at a rapid rate, thus recycling of land becomes necessary despite that fact that land is a finite resource. The gap between supply and demand for housing is an issue for the government to address in order to provide housing at a cheaper rate which is the basic need of man. The purpose of this study is to assess the strategies for affordable housing in Nigeria. Research design was used and the population of the study was Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Engineers, Contractors and project managers. Random sampling technique was adopted for this study. A total of 70 questionnaires were distributed and 51 were returned. This represents a response rate of 73%. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis via descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that problem of land inaccessibility, stunted financial and mortgage system were the factors affecting housing delivery. Challenges of housing delivery were high cost of acquiring land, social miscreants (“Omo Onile”) and affordability. Anti-corruption measures and a responsive judiciary, Cost – saving house design, Land reforms/reviews of land use act and review of fiscal and monetary  policies to reduce inflation and interest rate were the strategies to be used to ensure affordable housing. In conclusion, the Government should create an enabling environment for private sector by reducing the interest rate, taxes collected and creation of a viable housing mortgage sector to cater for the need of interested mortgage loan applicants. The use of the land should be constrained to affordable housing

Environmental Pollution in Urban Market: The Case of Bodija Market Ibadan, Nigeria.

Ibadan is one of the largest cities in Nigeria, whose rapid growth is yet to be followed with adequate planning aimed at preventing environmental pollution. Consequently, the challenges of living in a constantly polluted environment, associated with stench and discomfort resulting from this inadequacy remains a constant experience in Bodija Market (a leading food stuff market in Ibadan). The recurrence of these challenges and the examination of the methods of waste disposal adopted by sellers in Bodija, form the focus of this paper using the Health Belief Model and Social Action Theory as bases for explanation. The study also revealed illiteracy, ignorance, negligence and laziness as major predisposing factors that aided sellers dumping of refuse in the environment. Personal hygiene and attempts to keep their immediate surrounding clean were reported as strategies adopted for prevention of environmental pollution which was observed to be inadequate. As a result, most sellers were willing to pay reasonable fee to prevent dirty environment in order to avoid dire consequences. The study recommends improved government effort, education, sanctions, sensitization and campaign against environment pollution to rescue the situation. Key words: Environment, Pollution, Urban market, Education, Overpopulation, Refus

VALUES CLARIFICATIONS IN MARITAL RAPE: A NIGERIAN SITUATION

This paper focuses on the volatile and ignored issue of rape within the context of marriage in Nigeria. It is a topic that is not discussed as a form of domestic and sexual violence against women because of some sociocultural factors like religion, unbalanced gender, norms, early marriage, particularly and power relations. There is a need to look at the issues of marital rape from the lens of Morals and values because of the parlance in which sociologists operate and the need to provide an adequate understanding of human beings within the society. An attempt will be made in this paper to describe marital rape, the cultural contextualization and the basis of the evaluation of human behavior as determined by values

Antibacterial Potential Of Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Peels Against Selected Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Futa Botanical Garden Soil

Emerging antibacterial resistance is a great challenge to modern medicine and is an increasing problem in different regions, limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, this study aimed to use the Citrus aurantium extract and assess its effect on bacterial agents. The antibacterial potentials of orange (Citrus aurantium) peel were evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Three solvents, Ethanol, Methanol and Hot water, were used for extraction. The resultant extracts were used on three Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria isolated from FUTA Botanical Garden. These phytochemicals include alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial activity, reflected by the diameter of growth inhibition zones. Results showed that among the solvents used, the extracts exhibited better performance in the order of Ethanol > Methanol > Hot water, which reflects the suitability of solvents for Citrus aurantium peel extraction. It was found that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts at 200 mg/ml. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity against extracts from (15.00±1.00 mm to 21.00±1.00 mm). Among the Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp was susceptible to the 200 mg/ml extracts ranging from (13.00±1.00 mm to 15.00±1.00 mm). This may be attributed to a high concentration of flavonoids and total phenolic content in the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Citrus aurantium peel