Characteristics, origin and quantitative evaluation of overpressure in strike-slip and compression-shear booster zone of Tan-Lu Fault:

Abstract In the JZ27-A well block of the strike-slip and compression-shear booster zone in the JZ27 section of the Liaodong Bay in the Bohai Sea area of the Tan-Lu Fault, overpressure developed in the third member of the Shahejie Formation, and the pressure coefficient reached an average of 1.5. Thick mudstones sealed the overpressure on the top. Particle fragmentation was obvious in the overpressure zone. The area and thickness of the overpressure were controlled by the range of the pressure booster zone and the intense development of strike-slip and compression-shear zone, mainly restricted to the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the JZ27-A well block. The origin for overpressure was interpreted to be as follows. From the end of the third member of the Dongying Formation to the early stage of the second member of the Dongying Formation, influenced by the intense dextral strike-slip of the Tan-Lu Fault, stress concentrated in the JZ27-A well block of the strike-slip and compression-shear booster zone. Thereby, horizontal structural compression stress formed. At the same time, because of overlying thick-bedded mudstones, stress could not be released effectively. As a result, overpressure occurred. According to the balance of reservoir pressure, the contribution of strike-slip stress to overpressure was quantitatively evaluated. The contribution of strike - slip stress to overpressure was 30% - 35% and occurred earlier than the period with large amounts of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. The overpressure impeded the charging of oil tremendously.</jats:p

Sinistral strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the northeast of Shaleitian Bulge, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The structural style, fault activity, strike-slip displacement, and the formation mechanism and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the center tectonic zone in the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone were studied by seismic attribute analysis, structural geometric analysis, fault activity analysis, structure evolution history and simulation of hydrocarbon migration, based on 3-D seismic and drilling data. The main results are as follows: (1) The study area is a superimposed tectonic zone, which experienced early (Paleocene and Eocene) extension and late (Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary) strike-slip and pull-apart. (2) The sinistral strike slip of the northeast Shaleitian Bulge of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone went through two periods, Oligocene and Pliocene-Quaternary, and the Bohai section was active earlier than the inland section. (3) The sinistral strike slip displacement of Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault is 4 km since Cenozoic, including 1 km in the Oligocene, and 3 km in the Pliocene-Quaternary. (4) The strike-slip movements have resulted in the increase of fault activity and basin-mountain restructure in the fault zone, also contributed to the formation of the central tectonic belt and the conjugate evolution in north-east structural belt. (5) The conjugate strike slip of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault Zone dominated the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in shallow formations by controlling the injection points and segments of hydrocarbon from the deep layers to shallow layers. Key words: Bohai Bay Basin, Zhangjiakou-Penglai Fault, Tan-Lu Fault, sinistral strike slip, fault throw, hydrocarbon injectio

Uncovering the Mechanism of Shenlian Capsules in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by System Pharmacology

Abstract Background: Shenlian Capsule is a Chinese medicine compound approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). However, due to its complex constituents, cause its effective active compounds and main action mechanisms for treating diseases are still not fully clear. The purpose of this work is to explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of Shenlian Capsule treatment NSCLC through a system pharmacological approach. Methods: First, a database of Shenlian Capsule chemical composition was constructed by retrieving Chinese herbal medicine data. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) methods were used to screen potential active compounds. Predict active compound targets with a large-scale molecular network target prediction technology. Clustering of active compounds obtained through cluster analysis by MECODE plug-in, each cluster obtains the main pathways through enrichment analysis method. To get all targets related to survival in NSCLC, the survival related targets were intersected with the compounds target (C-T) network to get the survival related targets for Shenlian Capsule. Finally, a batch molecular docking technique was used to verify the effect of active compounds of Shenlian Capsule on survival-related targets.Results: The Shenlian Capsule C-T network was constructed with 117 potential compounds and 47 targets. Treatment of NSCLC with Shenlian Capsule through enrichment analysis may involve multiple pathways such as anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, antiviral, cell hypoxia, angiogenesis and so on. Shenlian Capsule has eight survival-related genes in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and two survival-related genes in non-small cell squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC). It is known through molecular docking that the active compound has lower energy after conformation with survival-related genes, and has lower binding energy and stable binding.Conclusion: In this study, the potential compounds of active compounds in Shenlian Capsule were first predicted using network pharmacology technology. Through the enrichment analysis, the main pathways of the role of Shenlian Capsule were outcropped. Secondly, by combining bioinformatics and network pharmacology, Shenlian Capsule can be regulated to target survival-related targets. Finally, the molecular docking technique shows the relationship between active compounds and survival-related targets after docking. This work provided a scientific basis for the clinical role of Shenlian Capsule in the treatment of NSCLC, provided a research basis for further clarifying the active ingredients and mechanism of Shenlian Capsule in the treatment of NSCLC.</jats:p

Hydrocarbon accumulation and formation of composite reservoirs in KL16-1 of Laizhou Bay Sag, Bohai Sea, China

The Laizhou Bay Sag, one of the oil-bearing sags with large exploration potential in the South Bohai Sea of China, contains two sets of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, i.e. Member 3 and Member 4 of Shahejie Fm (E2s3 and E2s4). As an important hydrocarbon accumulation zone in the sag, the KL16-1 low bulge is found to have oil reservoirs in the Neogene Guantao Fm (N1g), the Paleogene Dongying Fm (E3d), the Paleogene Shahejie Fm (E2s), and the Mesozoic buried hill formation. It is characterized by distinct features of composite reservoirs. Nonetheless, its hydrocarbon accumulation process and mechanism are unknown yet. In this paper, the hydrocarbon generation modelling of source rocks, combined with the characteristics of oil-source rock biomarker compounds and fluid inclusions, is used to restore the hydrocarbon accumulation process in the KL16-1 low bulge. Crude oil in all three KL16-1 plays is characterized by low Pr/Ph, low gammacerane, high 4-methyl sterane and high dinosterane. In other words, it is oil of low maturity to maturity. As the biomarker index of the oil is very similar to that of the E2s3 source rocks, it is thought that E2s3 is the primary source rock layer, while E2s4 is the secondary source rock layer. In addition, episodic oil and gas charging happened in two phases under high pressure in the late period (from 5.0 Ma till now). </jats:p