Bir Post- Truth (Hakikat Ötesi) Açmazı Örneği: ‘The Hater’ Filminin Göstergebilimsel Analizi

Post-truth (hakikat ötesi) kavramının literatürde kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Kavram, en temelde gerçekliğin bireysel kanaatlerce yönlendirilmesi sonucunda kamuoyunun oluşturulma biçimini ifade etmektedir. Günümüzde sosyal medyanın da etkisiyle birlikte hakikat ötesi dinamiklerin akışkan bir yapıya ulaştığı gözlemlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla günlük yaşamda karşılaşılan tüm gerçekliklerin değiştirilebilir olması dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmanın amacında hakikat ötesi dönemde sosyal medya araçlarıyla dezenformasyonun yayılarak kamuoyunun yanlış yönlendirildiği önermesiyle hareket edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın evreninde dijital platformlara odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örnekleminde ise Türkiye’de ilk uluslararası dijital platform olarak yayın hayatına başlayan Netflix orijinal içeriklerde yayınlanan sosyal medya temalı filmler içerisinde “The Hater” yapımı öne çıkmıştır. Seçilen filme Roland Barthes’ın görüşleri doğrultusunda göstergebilimsel analiz uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın derinlemesine yorumlanabilmesi için Levi Strauss’un ikili karşıtlıklarından ve nitel içerik analizinden de yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda film anlatısı içerisinde hakikat ötesi dönemde sosyal medya aracılığıyla üretilen dezenformasyonlarla kamuoyunun yanlış yönlendirildiği önermesi desteklenmiştir

Issues with Voluntary Reporting by Train Drivers and Their Impact on the Railway

For organisations to take preventive measures and eliminate potential accidents, the information gained through voluntary reporting is essential. Employees do not, however, report voluntarily for a number of reasons. In this study, we examine why train drivers, who are vital to maintaining rail safety, fail to report hazardous occurrences, leading to employee silence. The measurement tool, which has already been developed specifically for aviation employees, has been applied to 346 train drivers working on Turkish Railways. The scale used for research purposes has proven to be valid and reliable for organisations involved in railways. As a result, it was determined that the drivers did not participate in voluntary reporting due to relational and prosocial, disengaged, quiescence and acquiescence and fear and defensive factors. The highest score for the reasons for non-reporting was observed in the dimension of quiescence and acquiescence. The results of the correlation analysis between dimensions, which are assumed to be the reasons for non-reporting, point to strong positive relationships between each dimension

Visual and Statistical Methods for Analysing Irregularity Data in Rolling Stocks – An Application on Turkey’s Freight Wagons Fleet

Maintaining freight wagons is an essential operational process and a significant cost factor for rail transport companies. Analysing detected irregularities in the freight wagons offers distinctive and valuable insights for planned maintenance. The primary purpose of this study is to provide various techniques to shed light on the characteristics of these irregularities and identify any interrelations between them. This study also reveals the general characteristics of Turkey’s freight wagon fleets and maintenance depots in relation to the detected irregularities. New-generation visualisation tools, such as heat maps and chord diagrams, were utilised in this study. To determine the relationships between pairs of irregularities based on wagon type, irregularities with a high co-occurrence rate were identified and tetrachoric correlation analyses were conducted. In the final stage, Stepwise Poisson Regression Models were tested to explain the irregularities for each wagon type. The analysis techniques exemplified in this study were proven to reveal many interrelations between irregularities. The methods proposed in this study have the potential to provide crucial information for maintenance planning, parts supply and wagon repair processes. However, their practical application requires careful interpretation and detailed consideration by expert railway managers and engineers

Thrombospondin-1 and VEGF in inflammatory bowel disease

Background and aim: Angiogenesis is an important process in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. We aimed to study the angiogeneic balance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by evaluating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) on colonic epithelial cells, together with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Methods: Twenty-one ulcerative colitis (UC), 14 Crohn’s disease (CD), 11 colorectal cancer patients, and 11 healthy controls colonic biopsy samples were evaluated immunohistochemically. Results: The expressions of TSP-1, VEGF, and iNOS in UC and CD groups were higher than expression in healthy control group, all with statistical significance. However, in colorectal cancer group, VEGF and iNOS expressions were increased importantly, but TSP-1 expression was not statistically different from healthy control group’s expression. Both TSP-1 and VEGF expressions were correlated with iNOS expression distinctly but did not correlate with each other. Conclusions: Both pro-angiogeneic VEGF and antiangiogeneic TSP-1 expressions were found increased in our IBD groups, but in colorectal cancer group, only VEGF expression was increased. TSP-1 increases in IBD patients as a response to inflammatory condition, but this increase was not enough to suppress pathologic angiogenesis and inflammation in IBD.Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease; thrombospondin-1; VEGF; iNOS; colon cance

Uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor with adenosarcoma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus is extremely rare. They occur as either pure primitive neuroectodermal tumors or admixed with neoplasms of mullerian origin.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A case of uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor with adenosarcoma in a 50-year-old Asian Indian woman is presented. Histologically, the neoplasm displayed perivascular pseudorosettes and occasional Homer-Wright rosettes. A strong positivity for neuronspecific enolase and synaptophysin was noted, while chromogranin and CD99 were negative. Merging imperceptibly with the neuroectodermal components were the areas of adenosarcoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the second case of a uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor with an admixed adenosarcoma.</p

Clinical and prognostic value of pre-operative systemic inflammatory markers in clinical course and prognosis of ovarian cancer

Objectives: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. The prognostic value of systemic inflammatory markers is gaining importance in cancer patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and prognostic value of several inflammation markers to include neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), examined pre-operatively in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Subjects: A total of 97 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent primary staging surgery or debulking surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The influence of NLR, PLR values on overall survey (OS) was tested with Kaplan-Meier method and clinical-pathological parameters were tested with chi-square test. Proportional influence of clinical-pathological data on overall survival was tested with hazard ratio uni-variate and multi-variate analyses. Results: Median values of NLR, PLR and CRP were accepted as cut-off value. While elevated NLR (> 2.94) was associated with elevated CA-125 values (p = 0.002), excess amount of ascites (p = 0.023) and presence of residual tumor (p = 0.036); elevated PLR was associated with elevated CA-125 values (p 500 cc ascites, NLR and PLR values were associated with OS; in multi-variate analysis, only stage (p = 0.019) and presence of post-operative residual tumor (p = 0.016) were found to be independent risk factors for OS. Conclusion: Novel prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for better prediction of survival and definition of novel therapeutic targets

Clinical presentation of abdominal tuberculosis in HIV seronegative adults

BACKGROUND: The accurate diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis usually takes a long time and requires a high index of suspicion in clinic practice. Eighty-eight immune-competent patients with abdominal tuberculosis were grouped according to symptoms at presentation and followed prospectively in order to investigate the effect of symptomatic presentation on clinical diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS: Based upon the clinical presentation, the patients were divided into groups such as non-specific abdominal pain & less prominent in bowel habit, ascites, alteration in bowel habit, acute abdomen and others. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features, coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnostic procedures, definitive diagnostic tests, need for surgical therapy, and response to treatment were assessed in each group. RESULTS: According to clinical presentation, five groups were constituted as non-specific abdominal pain (n = 24), ascites (n = 24), bowel habit alteration (n = 22), acute abdomen (n = 9) and others (n = 9). Patients presenting with acute abdomen had significantly higher white blood cell counts (p = 0.002) and abnormalities in abdominal plain radiographs (p = 0.014). Patients presenting with alteration in bowel habit were younger (p = 0.048). The frequency of colonoscopic abnormalities (7.5%), and need for therapeutic surgery (12.5%) were lower in patients with ascites, (p = 0.04) and (p = 0.001), respectively. There was no difference in gender, disease duration, diagnostic modalities, response to treatment, period to initial response, and mortality between groups (p > 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract alone was the most frequently involved part (38.5%), and this was associated with acid-fast bacteria in the sputum (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal tract involvement is frequent in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Although different clinical presentations of patients with abdominal tuberculosis determine diagnostic work up and need for therapeutic surgery, evidence based diagnosis and consequences of the disease does not change