How successful are women\u27s groups in health promotion and disease prevention? A synthesis of the literature and recommendations for developing countries.

There is a general scarcitly of resources for delivery of services to the population in all social welfare and development sectors, with the health sector being no exception. In developing countries, lack of trained manpower, illiteracy and compliance issues make health care interventions even more complex. Various community-based projects have used women as a specific group for delivery of health care interventions. The objective of this paper was to review published studies that evaluated women\u27s groups for the promotion of health and prevention of disease. A total of 8 studies were reviewed. Women\u27s groups have proved to be a convenient and workable option for delivering health care interventions in several developing countries

An Approach of Automated Electronic Voting Management System for Bangladesh Using Biometric Fingerprint

The existing system of election is running manually and the piloted electronic voting using electronic voting machine (EVM) has many limitations in its mechanism. In this paper we have proposed an automated biometric electronic voting system, where a four layered network system has been used for sending the votes from client to the main database, and there exist three application servers and a client. That means, the proposed systems starts with automated registration system that would provide the secured database of the votersrsquo; information, and voter details will be stored against their finger prints in the main database. Finally, at the end of the day, casted votes will be counted automatically which would take lesser time than the manual system and the result would be accurate, faster and reliable, and thus minimize the corruption

Antimicrobial Compliance with CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: sleeping times with and without apparatus: A pilot study

Background: It has long been understood that Continuous Positive Airway Presssure CPAP adherence is not perfect in most patients, which may impact the long-term therapeutic benefits of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the sleep patterns and compliance with treatment of adults with obstructive sleep apnoea who are using CPAP and how these may affect the disease-modifying effects of CPAP.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of CPAP compliance in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. The data of patients visiting regional general practice were collected by a survey.Results: More than half (66%) of the participants recorded partial compliance with CPAP, removing the apparatus and returning to sleep without CPAP once per week or more. Most (83%) participants claimed that they were receiving four or more hours of CPAP therapy per night. For the sub-group with reduced CPAP compliance, the most significant factors which influenced use are mask discomfort (50%) and relief of daytime symptoms (63%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CPAP users who met the criteria for adequate adherence to treatment may still have periods of sleep when they were exposed to disease triggering apnoeic episodes. The research in future should compare the long-term benefits of CPAP on morbidity and mortality between groups with perfect and partial compliance with treatment.Keywords: CPAP; Sleep apnoea; Compliance

The Two Carnegie Reports: From the Balkan Expedition of 1913 to the Albanian Trip of 1921

Among the significant features of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) was not only the study of the causes but also of the impacts of the wars on civilian populations. In 1913, the CEIP sent an international commission to the Balkans. The result was the well-known report of 1914, the first widely circulated description on civilians in warfare. Seven years later, d’Estournelles de Constant, president of the CEIP Balkan Commission, sent a representative, Justin Godart to study the borders issues of Albania and to report on the crisis with Greece and Yugoslavia. Godart’s report emphasized the continuity with the one of 1913 and pointed out how Albania was a key element in the stabilization of the Balkans.Drawing from the Carnegie archives, the paper offers an innovative reading of CEIP’s initiatives in the Balkans before and after World War I within the context of the last chapter of the Eastern Question.Although both reports fell short of their objectives as the one of 1914 coincided with the onset of the war and the fragile conditions of the new states post 1918 prevented the success of the second one; the principles of stabilization, integration and economic prosperity were visionary as they are still “on the table” in the Balkans today

A Review: Management of Alternaria and its Mycotoxins in Crops

The Deuteromycetes fungal genus Alternaria comprises of different saprophytic as well as endophytic species which are very common and worldwide in their occurance. Importance host plants include several crops. Alternaria spp. generally attacks the aerial ptarts of its host and early blight diseases caused by these fungi inflict serious damage to these crops. There is a growing concern of Alternaria spp. due to their ability to produce mycotoxins with different toxicological properties, which are harmful for human and animal health. Accurate identification of Alternaria spp. and their metabolites is a crucial phase in the implementation of preventive measures and controls in the system from farm to fork. Considering the importance of Alternaria spp. occurance on crops and Alternaria toxins risk assesment, additional studies in this area are indispensable

Nationalisme et terrorisme en Macédoine vers 1900

Vers 1900, la Macédoine était l’un des derniers territoires de la péninsule balkanique qui n’avait pas encore réussi à obtenir l’autonomie ou l’indépendance de la part des Ottomans. Accompagnant le déclin de l’empire ottoman, l’idée de combattre le “joug” du sultan pour construire un État-nation libre et indépendant selon l’un des principes de la révolution de 1848, le droit des peuples à disposer d’eux-mêmes, avait déjà fait son chemin parmi les mentalités balkaniques. Dès cette époque, la M..

Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning to combat COVID-19 and existing opportunities for LMIC: A scoping review

Background: In the face of the current time-sensitive COVID-19 pandemic, the limited capacity of healthcare systems resulted in an emerging need to develop newer methods to control the spread of the pandemic. Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) have a vast potential to exponentially optimize health care research. The use of AI-driven tools in LMIC can help in eradicating health inequalities and decrease the burden on health systems.Methods: The literature search for this Scoping review was conducted through the PubMed database using keywords: COVID-19, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). Forty-three articles were identified and screened for eligibility and 13 were included in the final review. All the items of this Scoping review are reported using guidelines for PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR).Results: Results were synthesized and reported under 4 themes. (a) The need of AI during this pandemic: AI can assist to increase the speed and accuracy of identification of cases and through data mining to deal with the health crisis efficiently, (b) Utility of AI in COVID-19 screening, contact tracing, and diagnosis: Efficacy for virus detection can a be increased by deploying the smart city data network using terminal tracking system along-with prediction of future outbreaks, (c) Use of AI in COVID-19 patient monitoring and drug development: A Deep learning system provides valuable information regarding protein structures associated with COVID-19 which could be utilized for vaccine formulation, and (d) AI beyond COVID-19 and opportunities for Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC): There is a lack of financial, material, and human resources in LMIC, AI can minimize the workload on human labor and help in analyzing vast medical data, potentiating predictive and preventive healthcare.Conclusion: AI-based tools can be a game-changer for diagnosis, treatment, and management of COVID-19 patients with the potential to reshape the future of healthcare in LMIC

Is COVID-19 pushing us to the fifth industrial revolution (Society 5.0)?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may further promote the development of Industry 4.0 leading to the fifth industrial revolution (Society 5.0). Industry 4.0 technology such as Big Data (BD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) may lead to a personalized system of healthcare in Pakistan. The final bridge between humans and machines is Society 5.0, also known as the super-smart society that employs AI in healthcare manufacturing and logistics. In this communication, we review various Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 technologies including robotics and AI being inspected to control the rate of transmission of COVID-19 globally. We demonstrate the applicability of advanced information technologies including AI, BD, and Information of Technology (IoT) to healthcare. Lastly, we discuss the evolution of Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in accordance with the technological strategies being considered and employed