Bond-graph Input-State-Output Port-Hamiltonian formulation of memristive networks for emulation of Josephson junction circuits

A bond graph Input-State-Output Port-Hamiltonian formulation of memristive networks for Josephson junction circuits in state space is presented. The methodology has applications to the modeling of SQUIDs and other non-linear transducers and enables the formulation of input-output models of complex components embedded in non-linear networks

Sequencing, Analysis, and Annotation of Expressed Sequence Tags for Camelus dromedarius

Despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for Camelus dromedarius. With the goal of sequencing complete DNA of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel EST libraries, generating 70,272 reads. Following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequences, out of which over 4,500 potentially novel or fast evolving gene sequences do not carry any homology to other available genomes. Functional annotation of sequences with similarities in nucleotide and protein databases has been obtained using Gene Ontology classification. Comparison to available full length cDNA sequences and Open Reading Frame (ORF) analysis of camel sequences that exhibit homology to known genes show more than 80% of the contigs with an ORF>300 bp and ~40% hits extending to the start codons of full length cDNAs suggesting successful characterization of camel genes. Similarity analyses are done separately for different organisms including human, mouse, bovine, and rat. Accompanying web portal, CAGBASE (http://camel.kacst.edu.sa/), hosts a relational database containing annotated EST sequences and analysis tools with possibility to add sequences from public domain. We anticipate our results to provide a home base for genomic studies of camel and other comparative studies enabling a starting point for whole genome sequencing of the organism

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trimipramine in Tablet Dosage Form via Charge Transfer Complex Formation

Purpose: To develop and validate simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedures for determination of trimipramine in tablet dosage form.Methods: The methods were based on the interaction of trimipramine as n-electron donor with the ο-acceptor, iodine and various π-acceptors, namely: chloranil (CH), chloranilic acid (ChA), 2,3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and 7, 7,8, 8 tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to form charge transfer complexes. The complexes obtained were measured spectrophotometrically at 292, 220, 520, 302, and 824 nm for I2, CH, ChA, DDQ, and TCNQ, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized.Results: Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges 1 - 5, 5 - 50, 15 - 100, 5- 50, and 10 -75 ppm for I2, CH, ChA, DDQ, and TCNQ respectively, with apparent molar absorptivities of 7.1 x 104, 0.3 x 104, 1.6 x 104, 0.26 x 104, and 0.1 x 104 l mol-1cm-1 respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of trimipramine with good accuracy and precision.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the developed methods are as accurate, precise and reproducible as the pharmacopeial method. The methods would be valuable for routine application in quality control.Keywords: Charge-transfer complex, Trimipramine, Spectrophotometry (T and S

Recognition of off-line printed Arabic text using Hidden Markov Models.

yesThis paper describes a technique for automatic recognition of off-line printed Arabic text using Hidden Markov Models. In this work different sizes of overlapping and non-overlapping hierarchical windows are used to generate 16 features from each vertical sliding strip. Eight different Arabic fonts were used for testing (viz. Arial, Tahoma, Akhbar, Thuluth, Naskh, Simplified Arabic, Andalus, and Traditional Arabic). It was experimentally proven that different fonts have their highest recognition rates at different numbers of states (5 or 7) and codebook sizes (128 or 256). Arabic text is cursive, and each character may have up to four different shapes based on its location in a word. This research work considered each shape as a different class, resulting in a total of 126 classes (compared to 28 Arabic letters). The achieved average recognition rates were between 98.08% and 99.89% for the eight experimental fonts. The main contributions of this work are the novel hierarchical sliding window technique using only 16 features for each sliding window, considering each shape of Arabic characters as a separate class, bypassing the need for segmenting Arabic text, and its applicability to other languages

Hydrogeochemical Modelling of Groundwater at Al-Nile Area, Center of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

تمثل منطقة الدراسة منطقة النيل في قضاء المحاويل التابعة الى محافظة بابل والتي تبتعد بحوالة (90 كم) جنوب محافظة بغداد وبحوالي (20 كم) شرق مدينة الحلة. غطت هذه الدراسة مساحة قدرها (300 كم2) واقعة مابين خطي طول (44° 30ʹ & 44° 36ʹ) وما بين دائرتي عرض (32° 32ʹ & 32° 36ʹ). الوضع الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة يتميز بالترسبات الحديثة للعصر الرباعي خلال فترتي البليستوسين والهولوسين متضمنة في الغالب ترسبات السهل الفيضي. طبوغرافياً، تتميز محافظة بابل بقلة الانحدار مع تدرجات خفيفة بحوالي (22 سم/كم) تنحدر من المناطق الشمالية والشمالية الغربية باتجاه المناطق الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية. ان الهدف الأساسي للدراسة الحالية هو انشاء موديلات هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة لغرض تحديد نسب الذوبان والترسيب للأطوار المعدنية على طول مسارات التدفق المختارة وكذلك لغرض توضيح مدى تأثير المياه السطحية (جدول بابل) على المياه الجوفية من خلال استخدام تقنية الخلط الهايدروجيوكيميائية. أظهرت المعاملات الكيميائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية تغيرات مكانية وزمانية هامة من خلال تراكيز العناصر الرئيسية والثانوية خلال فترتي الدراسة. يدل التفاعل الجيوكيميائي الرئيسي في منطقة الدراسة على وجود طور الذوبان في معادن الدولومايت، الجبسوم، الهالايت والسلفايت، أما طور الترسيب فهو يشمل معادن الكالسايت والهيماتايت على طول المسارات المختارة. كما أوضحت عملية الخلط بان هناك تأثير عالي لجدول بابل على الابار (1،7،13 و21)، ويكون اقل تأثيراً على الابار (3،5،14،19 و20) وبنسب مختلفةThe study area represented Al-Nile area at Al-Mahaweel district affiliated to Babylon governorate and just (90 km) south of Baghdad governorate and about (20 km) east of Al-Hillah city. This study covered an area about (300 km2) which located between (44°30\u27 & 44°36\u27) E and (32°32\u27 & 32°36\u27) N. The geological setting of the study area characterized by recent sediments of the quaternary period during the Pleistocene and Holocene involves the floodplain deposits. Topographically, the Babylon governorate characterized by a lack of slope with gentle gradient about (22 cm/km) descended from northern and northwestern sides towards the eastern parts and southeastern. The mainly target of this present study is to originate a hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater in the study area to determine the dissolution and precipitation ratios of the mineral phases along the selected flow paths and also explained the effected ratio of the surface water (Babylon stream) on the groundwater by using the hydrogeochemical mixing technique. Ground and surface water parameters show significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor element concentrations during the two periods of the study. The mixing process shows us a highly effect of the Babylon stream in the wells (1,7,13 and 21), while show low effected on the wells (3,5,14,19 and 20) with a different contributio

Adaptive gender-based thermal control system

A closed loop adaptive gender-based thermal control system (AG-TCS) is designed, modelled, analysed and tested. The system has the unique feature of adapting to the surrounding environment as a function of the number of humans present and the gender ratio. The operation of the system depends on a unique interface between a radio frequency identification (RFID) device and an imaging device, both of which are correlated and interfaced to a controller. Testing of the system resulted in smooth transition and shape conversion of the response curve, which proved its adaptability. Three mathematical equations describing the internal mechanisms of the AG-TCS are presented and have been proven to optimally reflect the original statistical data covering both genders

Hydrogeochemical Modelling of Groundwater at Al-Nile Area, Center of Babylon Governorate, Iraq

تمثل منطقة الدراسة منطقة النيل في قضاء المحاويل التابعة الى محافظة بابل والتي تبتعد بحوالة (90 كم) جنوب محافظة بغداد وبحوالي (20 كم) شرق مدينة الحلة. غطت هذه الدراسة مساحة قدرها (300 كم2) واقعة مابين خطي طول (44° 30ʹ & 44° 36ʹ) وما بين دائرتي عرض (32° 32ʹ & 32° 36ʹ). الوضع الجيولوجي لمنطقة الدراسة يتميز بالترسبات الحديثة للعصر الرباعي خلال فترتي البليستوسين والهولوسين متضمنة في الغالب ترسبات السهل الفيضي. طبوغرافياً، تتميز محافظة بابل بقلة الانحدار مع تدرجات خفيفة بحوالي (22 سم/كم) تنحدر من المناطق الشمالية والشمالية الغربية باتجاه المناطق الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية. ان الهدف الأساسي للدراسة الحالية هو انشاء موديلات هيدروجيوكيميائية للمياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة لغرض تحديد نسب الذوبان والترسيب للأطوار المعدنية على طول مسارات التدفق المختارة وكذلك لغرض توضيح مدى تأثير المياه السطحية (جدول بابل) على المياه الجوفية من خلال استخدام تقنية الخلط الهايدروجيوكيميائية. أظهرت المعاملات الكيميائية للمياه السطحية والجوفية تغيرات مكانية وزمانية هامة من خلال تراكيز العناصر الرئيسية والثانوية خلال فترتي الدراسة. يدل التفاعل الجيوكيميائي الرئيسي في منطقة الدراسة على وجود طور الذوبان في معادن الدولومايت، الجبسوم، الهالايت والسلفايت، أما طور الترسيب فهو يشمل معادن الكالسايت والهيماتايت على طول المسارات المختارة. كما أوضحت عملية الخلط بان هناك تأثير عالي لجدول بابل على الابار (1،7،13 و21)، ويكون اقل تأثيراً على الابار (3،5،14،19 و20) وبنسب مختلفة.The study area represented Al-Nile area at Al-Mahaweel district affiliated to Babylon governorate and just (90 km) south of Baghdad governorate and about (20 km) east of Al-Hillah city. This study covered an area about (300 km2) which located between (44°30\u27 & 44°36\u27) E and (32°32\u27 & 32°36\u27) N. The geological setting of the study area characterized by recent sediments of the quaternary period during the Pleistocene and Holocene involves the floodplain deposits. Topographically, the Babylon governorate characterized by a lack of slope with gentle gradient about (22 cm/km) descended from northern and northwestern sides towards the eastern parts and southeastern. The mainly target of this present study is to originate a hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater in the study area to determine the dissolution and precipitation ratios of the mineral phases along the selected flow paths and also explained the effected ratio of the surface water (Babylon stream) on the groundwater by using the hydrogeochemical mixing technique. Ground and surface water parameters show significant spatial and temporal variations in major and minor element concentrations during the two periods of the study. The mixing process shows us a highly effect of the Babylon stream in the wells (1,7,13 and 21), while show low effected on the wells (3,5,14,19 and 20) with a different contributio