Lexical Discourse Analysis in Translation

Lexical Discourse very often depend on lexis. Lexical Discourse analysis, however, has not yet been given enough consideration of the phenomenon of translation. This paper investigates lexical discourse analysis in translation from one language to another. This qualitative study comprises 15 text translated by M.A students at the Department of English Language and Literature at Mu'tah university in Jordan. The sample of the study was selected randomly. The researcher used two research instruments including lexical and textual analysis and semi- structured interview. The findings of this research indicates that lexical knowledge and meaning  insufficiency have a significant effect on translating texts from the source language (Arabic) to the target language (English) or vice versa in the field of applied linguistics. This study recommends that further future research be conducted to investigate the effect of the translator's lexical knowledge on translating texts from SL to TL. Keywords: Abstract, Textual Analysis, Lexical Knowledge, Lexical Gap, Sources Language and Target Language.

Using GIS to Visualize the Distribution of Blue Light Emergency Phone Towers around Colleges Campuses

Blue light emergency phone towers are essential for universities campuses. They have been providing security on campuses for at least three decades. These towers prevent, to some degree, crimes and also help in emergencies by providing direct access to police stations/campus security. Therefore, it is important to locate these towers where appropriate and to also know how many of these towers are sufficient for a certain area based on area size. The main tools used in this project are Euclidean Distance, Average Nearest Neighbor, Raster Calculator, Raster to Polygon, Intersect tool, and Viewshed Analysis. This research is intended for use by any college or university authorities charged with campus safety. It is expected to help them identify the locations that need more, or less, blue light emergency towers. This will assure the safety of their students and help them be confident that all areas are covered with these towers

An Analysis of the Linguistic Aspects in the Qur’anic Verses’ Translation: A Case of Al Fatihah Surah

This study analyzed the linguistic features in Qur’anic translation in the Al Fatihah Surah. It compares five different translations, namely, Asad Quran Translation, Malik Quran Translation, Yusuf Ali Quran Translation, and Piktal Quran Translation. The analysis uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The theoretical framework of the study is based on Newmark's (1988) multidisciplinary method of translation.  Results of the study showed that varied translation versions of Qur’an verses should be analyzed to transfer and reduce original meaning to non-native speakers of the Arabic language since Qur’an includes stylish features in both form and content. In addition, findings revealed that translation of linguistic features postures challenges translators while interpreting meaning. This study concludes that most of the linguistic features under scrutiny have been rendered into English that is often erroneous. However, the conceptualization of linguistic features in Qur’anic translation is often lost. Keywords: Linguistic features. phonic,  Qur’an translation, Al Fatihah DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/87-05 Publication date: April 30th 202

A Study of Environmental Factors Affecting Coral Species Growth in Western Region of Abu Dhabi – UAE and the Arabian Gulf

This study aims to investigate possible effects of certain environmental factors particularly, high summer water temperature and increase of water salinity on the growth rate of endemic dominant coral species at the west coasts of the United Arab Emirates. The study investigated the dissolved trace elements concentrations and its relation to coral diseases. The methodological investigations have been conducted in a defined two sites at Baraka and Al Saadiyat area. In Barakah, three quadrates of 1.0 m3 have monitored the growth of Porites harrisoni by both photographically as well as by direct measurements of the targeted coral colonies in each frame. That include colonies sizes, coral health, surrounding water temperature and water salinity, and in Saadiyat area, it investigates the coral growth rate of Acropora downingi from winter to summer. The obtained results had shown that, there was different growth in the selected colonies branches between winter and spring-summer seasons. In general, the growth rates in Saadiyat Acropora colonies was small in winter season, compared to the spring-summer season growth. The most notable growth seen in colony #1 with an 18 mm growth in spring-summer season compared to only 2 mm during the winter season of the same branch. The results have also shown that possible stressors, such as the measured high sulfur concentrations as well as other anthropogenic activities, especially in Barakah area could be responsible about the existing documented coral diseases as well as the loss of Acropora colonies in that site. This study has suggested certain recommendations to investigate impact of Sulphur dissolution and its concentration increase effect on the different living coral species. The specific and/or combined factors that lead to each of the reported coral diseases, and to investigate frequent and more intensive studies of growth rates of different corals species and finding the way for mitigation of destroyed areas as well as possible restoration of impacted habitats. These recommendations can be also adopted by other governmental and /or non-governmental agencies responsible about sustainability of marine life in Gulf countries

The Sources and Types of Reading Miscues Produced by 6th Grade Students at Public Schools in Jordan

This study was conducted to explore the types and sources of reading errors produced by 6th grade  students at Jawza governmental secondary school at Al-Karak directorate of education. The sample of the study consists of  20 students. The result of the study showed that students produced different types of reading miscues. This included reading omission, repetition, mispronunciation, pausing and word by word reading categories. In light of these results, the study provides several pedagogical implications that could hopefully used by teachers to improve their student reading. The study recommends that further future researches study be conducted in this field to investigate this area. Keywords: Reading Miscues, Omission, Repetition, Pausing and Mispronunciation

A comprehensive framework for the management of hereditary breast cancers: guiding light in precision medicine

BackgroundThe landscape of oncology varies across countries and regions, and in consanguineous populations such as Saudi Arabia, the clinical management of hereditary cancers poses a distinct challenge. Hereditary breast cancer (HBC), which is a significant public health concern, accounts for approximately 5%–10% of all breast cancer cases. High-risk genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53 and PTEN, with germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs), substantially increase the risk of breast cancer and other malignancies.MethodIn this review, we explore the guidelines and the literature to present a comprehensive investigation of the genetic landscape of hereditary cancer syndromes, provide pivotal insights into disease mechanisms and inform precise clinical intervention. Given their marked therapeutic heterogeneity, a tailored precision medicine approach, rather than a uniform strategy of a one-size-fits-all model, is necessary. For high-risk breast cancer patients in Saudi Arabia, the detection rates of PVs/LPVs have reached 24%, underscoring the relevance of targeted interventions.ResultsA comprehensive framework for the management of HBCs is outlined, which focuses on consanguineous populations and adapts global guidelines. We highlight the critical roles of genetic testing in guiding personalised surveillance strategies, especially for regions where data remain limited.ConclusionRevealing the genetic variation associated with HBCs mitigates the burden on healthcare providers and the long-term effects of HBCs on affected individuals and their families. Moreover, it is a step ahead towards personalised prevention, treatment and intervention. This knowledge will empower research and innovation in biotechnology

Access and utilisation of primary health care services comparing urban and rural areas of Riyadh Providence, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has seen an increase in chronic diseases. International evidence suggests that early intervention is the best approach to reduce the burden of chronic disease. However, the limited research available suggests that health care access remains unequal, with rural populations having the poorest access to and utilisation of primary health care centres and, consequently, the poorest health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the access to and utilisation of primary health care centres in urban and rural areas of Riyadh province of the KSA

Brucella and Osteoarticular Cell Activation: Partners in Crime

Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of human active disease although its prevalence varies widely. The three most common forms of osteoarticular involvement are sacroiliitis, spondylitis, and peripheral arthritis. The molecular mechanisms implicated in bone damage have been recently elucidated. B. abortus induces bone damage through diverse mechanisms in which TNF-α and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-the natural modulator of bone homeostasis are involved. These processes are driven by inflammatory cells, like monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, Th17 CD4+ T, and B cells. In addition, Brucella abortus has a direct effect on osteoarticular cells and tilts homeostatic bone remodeling. These bacteria inhibit bone matrix deposition by osteoblasts (the only bone cells involved in bone deposition), and modify the phenotype of these cells to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cytokine secretion, contributing to bone matrix degradation. B. abortus also affects osteoclasts (cells naturally involved in bone resorption) by inducing an increase in osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation; thus, increasing mineral and organic bone matrix resorption, contributing to bone damage. Given that the pathology induced by Brucella species involved joint tissue, experiments conducted on synoviocytes revealed that besides inducing the activation of these cells to secrete chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines and MMPS, the infection also inhibits synoviocyte apoptosis. Brucella is an intracellular bacterium that replicates preferentially in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages. The analysis of B. abortus-infected synoviocytes indicated that bacteria also replicate in their reticulum suggesting that they could use this cell type for intracellular replication during the osteoarticular localization of the disease. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of osteoarticular brucellosis discovered recently shed light on how the interaction between B. abortus and immune and osteoarticular cells may play an important role in producing damage in joint and bone.Fil: Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Arriola Benitez, Paula Constanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Delpino, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentin

Critical Discourse Analysis of Rabih Alameddine's Novel "An Unnecessary Woman (2014)"

This paper aims at analyzing the issue of feminism about women's bodies, self-identification, and self-conscious through the resistance of the female protagonist against patriarchal, religious, and political constraints in light of Rabih Alameddine's Novel "An Unnecessary Woman" (2014)  in which the fallacious practices towards women and their sexuality in the patriarchal society are presented. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Fairclough (1989) CDA Model. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher divided the paper into three parts. The first part discussed the concept of feminism and the status of Arab women in the postmodern or 21st century, particularly during the Civil war of Lebanon (1975). The second part illustrated Alameddine’s concept of feminism and the social milieu, which influences his writings; and the third part reflected the sarcastic tone employed by Alameddine to address the patriarchal practices and social concerns of males and females of the 21st century. In Alameddine's society, females are almost treated as submissive sexual objects, and inferior voices are disjointed and fragmented in entirely a patriarchal society

Child Maltreatment Prevention Readiness Assessment in Oman

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate Oman’s readiness for implementing large-scale child maltreatment prevention (CMP) programmes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and August 2016 in Oman. Participants, referred to as key informants, were individuals with influence and decision-making powers over CMP. The multidimensional Readiness Assessment for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment tool, developed by the World Health Organization with the help of collaborators from middle- and low-income countries, was used to assess 10 dimensions of readiness, each with a maximum score of 10. Results: A total of 49 participants were included in this study (response rate = 98%). The mean total score for the 10 dimensions was 50.17 out of 100 possible points. The participants showed high mean readiness scores on legislation, mandates and policies (9.08) followed by knowledge of CMP (7.55), institutional resources and links (6.12), willingness to address the problem (5.35), informal social resources (5.15) and current programme implementation and evaluation (5.10). Participants had low scores in readiness in association with human and technical resources (2.44), attitudes towards CMP (2.90), scientific data on CMP (3.06) and material resources (3.46). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Oman has a moderate level of readiness to implement largescale evidence-based prevention programmes against child maltreatment; however, several dimensions still need to be strengthened. It is important to develop a national strategy that outlines a framework for organising and prioritising efforts towards CMP.Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Program Development; Attitude; World Health Organization; Oman