The dissolution and solid-state behaviours of coground ibuprofen–glucosamine HCl

The cogrinding technique is one of most effective methods for improving the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs and it is superior to other approaches from an economical as well as an environmental standpoint, as the technique does not require any toxic organic solvents. Present work explores the role of d-glucosamine HCl (GL) as a potential excipient to improve dissolution of a low melting point drug, ibuprofen (Ibu), using physical mixtures and coground formulations. The dissolution of the poorly soluble drug has been improved by changing the ratio of Ibu:GL and also grinding time. The results also showed that although GL can enhance the solubility of Ibu, it also reduces pH around the Ibu particles which led to poor dissolution performance when the concentration of GL is high. The effect of GL on the solubility of Ibu could be misleading if the pH of the final solution was not measured. Grinding reduced the particle size of GL significantly but in case of Ibu it was less effective. Solid state analysis (XRPD, DSC, and FT-IR) showed that ibuprofen is stable under grinding conditions, but the presence of high concentration of GL in samples subjected to high grinding times caused changes in FT-IR spectrum of Ibu which could be due to intermolecular hydrogen bond or esterification between the carboxylic acid group in the ibuprofen and hydroxyl group in the GL

Solid-state, triboelectrostatic and dissolution characteristics of spray-dried piroxicam-glucosamine solid dispersions

This work explores the use of both spray drying and D-glucosamine HCl (GLU) as a hydrophilic carrier to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam (PXM) whilst investigating the electrostatic charges associated with the spray drying process. Spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions were prepared and characterised (XRPD, DSC, SEM). Dissolution and triboelectric charging was also conducted. The results showed that the spray dried PXM alone, without GLU produced some PXM form II (DSC results) with no enhancement in solubility relative to that of the parent PXM. XRPD results also showed the spray drying process to decrease the crystallinity of GLU and solid dispersions produced. The presence of GLU improved the dissolution rate of PXM. Spray dried PXM: GLU at a ratio of 2:1 had the most improved dissolution. The spray drying process generally yielded PXM-GLU spherical particles of around 2.5 µm which may have contributed to the improved dissolution. PXM showed a higher tendency for charging in comparison to the carrier GLU (- 3.8 versus 0.5 nC/g for untreated material and -7.5 versus 3.1 nC/g for spray dried materials). Spray dried PXM and spray dried GLU demonstrated higher charge densities than untreated PXM and untreated GLU, respectively. Regardless of PXM:GLU ratio, all spray dried PXM:GLU solid dispersions showed a negligible charge density (net-CMR: 0.1 – 0.3 3nC/g). Spray drying of PXM:GLU solid dispersions can be used to produce formulation powders with practically no charge and thereby improving handling as well as dissolution behaviour of PXM

Investigation of cultural, social, and religious aspects of Saudi Arabia and neighboring states and implications for best practice in health education and promotion

Session presented on Monday, November 9, 2015 and Tuesday, November 10, 2015: Gulf culture has been examined in a variety of mediums but a thorough survey of its structure for use by health care practitioners and nurses in particular has not been made. Since the majority of health care in that location is provided by non-Saudis, this work should be a major assistance to health care professionals in that locale. It should further be of assistance as a guide for inquiry to professionals who are working in cultures which they are seeking to understand. By examining the cultural, social, and religious features of the target population some perspective has been gained into the variety of lives of its people. There are common threads which run through the fabric of the Gulf which gives a starting point for considering the health care needs of the people living there. It can also assist those who practice there to understand these needs. The central themes which emerged from critical care nurses caring for Saudi clients were family and kinship, cultural and religious influences, and the nurse-patient relationship (Halligan, 2006). When clients ranked aspects of care assurance, information, cultural, and spiritual needs were the dominant needs. Nurse support and proximity were least important to them. After viewing the patterns of the culture, the healthcare professional will understand the lack of priority attached to support and proximity since it is a common practice for clients to have a family companion to meet these needs. Within the theme of cultural and spiritual needs family members of clients in intensive care units mentioned looking for information, maintaining reassurance, spiritual healing, maintaining close proximity, and most importantly respect and care of the body of an expired family member. However, care of the body was ranked in fifth priority by health providers (Al-Mutair, Plummer, Clerehan, & O\u27Brien, 2013). Specific values are contained in the ANA Code of Ethics (ANA, op cit.) which have resulted in the concept of cultural competency. The inherent dignity of the individual, autonomy and the right to self-determination are important concepts when caring for any clientele. Taken from social work values, confidentiality, self-awareness, client individualization, and non-judgmental attitude are part of the values which nurses who wish to be effective in caring must work toward (Galanti, 1991). Evidence-based research needs to be coupled with values and ethics to form a powerful formula which can be used in any culture to provide culturally competent caring and best practice. When these elements are combined with specific language and lifeways training during pre-service and ongoing orientation a comprehensive orientation for caring for culturally diverse clients emerges

The level of excessive emotional style among children with autism from the point of view of their teachers

The current research aims to identify the level of  and excessive emotional style in children with autism from the point of view of their teachers, sample consisted of the search of  (105) parameter of all the centers of autism in the province of Dhi Qar and the center of the province of Babylon , chosen by way of random , considered the nature of the Research adopted by a Researcher of the descriptive approach , and to achieve the objectives of the research prepared by T researcher of the scale of the abuse of a component (3 0) paragraph , distributed on (6) areas are: (flexibility, expectations, self - awareness, social intuition, sensitivity to context, attention) was Verification of the validity and reliability of the scale , and the statistical analysis package has been approved  (spssTo extract the results, the results showed:  The results of the research showed that the excessive emotional style was greater than the theoretical mean and statistically significant, and the researcher attributes that to the fact that disabled children in general and the autistic child in particular enjoy excessive emotion as a result of rejection and neglect that this group of children are exposed to, so the child clings to the one who provides him with care and excessive attention. The variable method of emotional over the first variable covered in the study the current - limit science researcher. The recommended researcher including comes: The necessity of holding conferences and seminars for teachers of autistic children to introduce them to theemotional style. Awareness ofschools, including teachers and all community children's rights and the right to live a dignified life free of violence. Theintroduction of teachers of autistic and mobile children in autism care centers with rehabilitation and development courses to provide them with the necessary skills and scientific experiences that help them in dealing with autistic children

Trends in Ecotourism Research in Indonesia: Basic Analysis of the Development of Ecotourism-Based Teaching Materials

Currently and in the future, tourism is expected to make the biggest contribution to increasing the country's foreign exchange in the government's efforts to realize people's welfare and prosperity. One form of tourism product as a derivative of the concept of sustainable tourism development is the concept of ecotourism development. This study aims to map the research that has been carried out related to ecotourism in Indonesia. Data were obtained from scientific papers published on Google Scholar from 2010-2022 and there were 985 published scientific papers consisting of 968 from journals, 16 from proceedings, and 11 from books. Bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Vos Viewer application. The results of the study show that Indonesia has many tourist areas that can be developed into ecotourism areas, and these can be used as objects of research on ecotourism, but during the last 10 years research has only been conducted in a few areas. In addition, research on the same thing is often carried out in different research locations. This is the weakness of research on ecotourism in Indonesia. Thus, it is concluded that there are still many areas and keywords that are different and related to the concept of ecotourism which can be used as research subjects in Indonesia. research on the same thing is often done with different research locations. This is the weakness of research on ecotourism in Indonesia. Thus, it is concluded that there are still many areas and keywords that are different and related to the concept of ecotourism which can be used as research subjects in Indonesia. research on the same thing is often done with different research locations. This is the weakness of research on ecotourism in Indonesia. Thus, it is concluded that there are still many areas and keywords that are different and related to the concept of ecotourism which can be used as research subjects in Indonesi

Nikah Mut’ah dalam Sorotan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

In Islam, marriage lasts until death does the couple apart. Nonetheless, if one or both parties cannot fulfill the rights and perform the duties of marriage, a marriage can end up in divorce. Likewise, if a marriage ends with the death of one of the two parties, the surviving spouse is allowed to remarry. The above description about the essence of marriage cannot be found in temporary marriages. In temporary marriages, a marriage is set to last for a certain time without obligation of providing support and all kinds necessary for normal marriages such as housing, medicines, clothes, and so on. Pregnancy is also part of the contract. Likewise, no inheritance is resulted from such marriages. There is also no divorce as well as right for just treatment in case of the husband is polygamous. The only right for wife is dowry. Thus, there is no responsibility in contemporary marriages. Those marriages are only a means for fulfillment of biological needs whenever a man and a woman have to be in a place away from family for certain period of time

pengaruh DPK, total pembiayaan dan NPF terhadap tingkat profitabilitas (ROA) Bank NTB Syariah periode 2018-2024

Bank syariah adalah institusi keuangan yang beroperasi berdasarkan ajaran syariah Islam, yang mengutamakan prinsip keadilan, keterbukaan, serta larangan terhadap praktik riba. Selain menjalankan prinsip-prinsip tersebut, bank syariah juga harus mampu mempertahankan kinerja keuangan yang kuat dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu ukuran penting untuk menilai profitabilitas bank adalah Return on Assets (ROA), yang menunjukkan seberapa efisien bank menggunakan asetnya untuk menghasilkan keuntungan. Faktor-faktor yang sering dianggap memengaruhi ROA meliputi Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Total Pembiayaan, serta tingkat Non-Performing Finance (NPF). Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji dampak Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Total Pembiayaan, dan Non-Performing Finance (NPF) terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada bank syariah. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode regresi linier berganda, yang didasarkan pada kerangka teori stakeholder. Data yang dianalisis merupakan data sekunder triwulanan dari tahun 2018 hingga 2024, yang berasal dari Bank NTB Syariah. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, DPK tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,269 dan t hitung sebesar 1,133 ( 0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa baik secara individu maupun bersama-sama, DPK, Total Pembiayaan, dan NPF belum mampu menjelaskan variasi kinerja keuangan bank syariah dalam hal ROA. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya evaluasi dan penguatan dalam strategi penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana, serta manajemen risiko pembiayaan agar profitabilitas dapat ditingkatkan secara optimal sesuai prinsip-prinsip syariah

MAPPING APPLIED BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN FINTECH START-UP COMPANIES (INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, SINGAPORE, PHILIPPINES AND VIETNAM)

This study analyzes the potential and benefit for blockchain technology to be used in start-up companies by mapping the application of blockchain technology in start-up companies in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam). The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The results of this study finds the mapping of blockchain technology applied to fintech start-up companies in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Vietnam). These findings show fintech start-up companies that applied blockchain technology as service or goods like token or digital asset and the potential of applying blockchain technology