Choosing an NLP library for analyzing software documentation: a systematic literature review and a series of experiments

To uncover interesting and actionable information from natural language documents authored by software developers, many researchers rely on "out-of-the-box" NLP libraries. However, software artifacts written in natural language are different from other textual documents due to the technical language used. In this paper, we first analyze the state of the art through a systematic literature review in which we find that only a small minority of papers justify their choice of an NLP library. We then report on a series of experiments in which we applied four state-of-the-art NLP libraries to publicly available software artifacts from three different sources. Our results show low agreement between different libraries (only between 60% and 71% of tokens were assigned the same part-of-speech tag by all four libraries) as well as differences in accuracy depending on source: For example, spaCy achieved the best accuracy on Stack Overflow data with nearly 90% of tokens tagged correctly, while it was clearly outperformed by Google's SyntaxNet when parsing GitHub ReadMe files. Our work implies that researchers should make an informed decision about the particular NLP library they choose and that customizations to libraries might be necessary to achieve good results when analyzing software artifacts written in natural language.Fouad Nasser A Al Omran, Christoph Treud

Employing control surface model in preliminary aircraft design software.

Numerical modeling of viscous gas flow in compressor blade cascades using k-ω and SST turbulence models is performed. Analysis of obtained results is taken, conclusion about usability of employed turbulence models, aimed to obtain reliable flow numerical results, is drawn.Проведене чисельне моделювання течії в’язкого газу в решітках компресорних лопаток з використанням моделей турбулентності k-ω и SST. Проведено аналіз отриманих результатів, зроблено висновок про можливість використання моделей турбулентності для отримання вірогідних результатів чисельного моделювання течії

Experimental study of formwork tightness as a function of rheological properties of SCC

Several studies relating formwork pressure to rheology exist, however the relationship between rheology and leakage through formwork joints remains to be investigated. In practice, standard documents are used to define formwork tightness requirements, typically using a qualitative approach. To try bridge this gap in knowledge, we developed a test set-up to study tightness of formwork joints under pressure as a function of varying rheological properties. Coupled with standard rheology tests, this new test set-up provides means of linking flow rate, formwork pressure, flow area, and the rheological properties. The study seeks to provide insight on measurable governing parameters and thus inform formwork tightness requirements in a more quantifiable manner. This paper presents a test set-up designed to study the flow of fresh paste through small openings. It highlights a preliminary study on the pressure-driven flow of limestone paste through a bottom orifice in a cylindrical container. While this new device may not be directly representative of the actual conditions in formwork, it provides a good base for a fundamental study that can then be extrapolated to a more representative test operation. Preliminary results show a linear relationship between the flow rate and the applied pressure. The results also show that increasing the flow area by a factor of 2.33 had a higher impact than an increase in yield stress and viscosity by a factor of 2.54 and 3.80 respectively. However, more tests need to be carried out to obtain clear trends

Recent developments in chemical reactivity of N,N-dimethylenamino ketones as synthons for various heterocycles

The current review presents recent progress in the utility of N,N-dimethyl enaminones as building blocks for a diverse range of acyclic, carbocyclic, five- and six-membered heterocyclic a broad range of heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic derivatives. Most importantly, these N,N-dimethyl analogues have proven to be of biological interest and provide an access to new class of biologically active heterocyclic compounds for biomedical applications. All of these topics are drawn from the recent literature till 2016

The future of liquified natural gas (LNG) in the energy transition: options and implications for the LNG industry in a decarbonising world

A global energy transition is currently taking place, driven primarily by the need to combat climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions is not consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels, a threshold that could lead to severe economic damage and instability for the coming decades. Fossil fuel combustion, industry, transport, and electricity production contribute to approximately 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Energy systems must therefore decarbonise at dramatic rates to move towards a more sustainable environmental development path, but also to cater for population and economic growth in many parts of the world. Natural gas, a fuel with superior environmental credentials than other fossil fuels, has been touted as a “transition fuel” to support the low-carbon transition by promoting fuel-switching and supporting hard-to-abate sectors until largescale electrification with renewable resources and other solutions such as largescale batteries and hydrogen are developed and deployed. Utilising a bespoke meta-framework grounded in institutional theory, combining elements of techno-economic and socio-technical approaches, this study examines how institutional, political, and resource characteristics affect the use of liquified natural gas (LNG), the fastest growing sector within natural gas. Methodology includes the analysis of three country cases (UK, Japan, China). In addition, an in-depth analysis of the LNG industry is conducted, with a focus on the decarbonisation options and implications for the industry, including the impact of development of the hydrogen economy on LNG. The synthesis presents conclusions and findings on LNG’s role in future potential pathways in energy systems in various stages of the energy transition