Telehealth in Yemen: An overview and a proposed model

Yemen’s Health sector has grown significantly gauged from the increasing number of hospitals, health units, health centers, beds and medical staff. Despite the country's direction towards the health sector development and improvement, Yemen ranked poorly in all central factors of health services and access.This paper aims to propose a high level telehealth model which is peculiar to Yemen in terms of its existing health services, culture, geography and ICT readiness.In achieving the aim, a series of interview and document study were conducted to access its ICT potential-infrastructure;rural communication; and available manpower and skill set. It is hoped that implementation of the framework will be able to address the issue

Systematic review of the safety of medication use in inpatient, outpatient and primary care settings in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Background Errors in medication use are a patient safety concern globally, with different regions reporting differing error rates, causes of errors and proposed solutions. The objectives of this review were to identify, summarise, review and evaluate published studies on medication errors, drug related problems and adverse drug events in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Methods A systematic review was carried out using six databases, searching for literature published between January 1990 and August 2016. Research articles focussing on medication errors, drug related problems or adverse drug events within different healthcare settings in the GCC were included. Results Of 2094 records screened, 54 studies met our inclusion criteria. Kuwait was the only GCC country with no studies included. Prescribing errors were reported to be as high as 91% of a sample of primary care prescriptions analysed in one study. Of drug-related admissions evaluated in the emergency department the most common reason was patient non-compliance. In the inpatient care setting, a study of review of patient charts and medication orders identified prescribing errors in 7% of medication orders, another reported prescribing errors present in 56% of medication orders. The majority of drug related problems identified in inpatient paediatric wards were judged to be preventable. Adverse drug events were reported to occur in 8.5–16.9 per 100 admissions with up to 30% judged preventable, with occurrence being highest in the intensive care unit. Dosing errors were common in inpatient, outpatient and primary care settings. Omission of the administered dose as well as omission of prescribed medication at medication reconciliation were common. Studies of pharmacists’ interventions in clinical practice reported a varying level of acceptance, ranging from 53% to 98% of pharmacists’ recommendations. Conclusions Studies of medication errors, drug related problems and adverse drug events are increasing in the GCC. However, variation in methods, definitions and denominators preclude calculation of an overall error rate. Research with more robust methodologies and longer follow up periods is now required.Peer reviewe

Some diophantine quadruples in the ring Z[√-2]

A complex diophantine quadruple with the property D,$(z)$, where $z in$ Z$[sqrt {-2}]$, is a subset of Z$[sqrt {-2}]$ of four elements such that the product of its any two distinct elements increased by $z$ is a perfect square in Z$[sqrt{-2}]$. In the present paper we prove that if $b$ is an odd integer, then there does not exist a diophantine quadruple with the property D$(a + bsqrt{-2})$. For $z=a+bsqrt{-2}$, where $b$ is even, we prove that there exist at least two distinct complex diophantine quadruples if $a$ and $b$ satisfy some congruence conditions

Improvement in the efficiency of hydrolysis of anaerobic digestion in sewage sludge by the use of enzymes

The effects of enzymatic pre-treatment on a mixture of sludge (primary, secondary, digested) collected from different municipal wastewater-treatment plants was investigated by Batch experiments in the laboratory to enhance the hydrolysis of sludge. The experiments were carried out at mesophilic (37 degrees C) temperature. Six commercially available enzymes, supplied by Novo Industries, were used which ware Alcalase, Caresyme, Celluclast, Lipolase, Termamyl and Viscosyme. The experiment showed that with 50% digested sludge and 0.1% enzyme dosage of Carezyme and the mixed enzymes there was 11.5% and 10.6% decrease in volatile solids (VS), whereas with 25% digested sludge and 0.1% Viscosyme enzyme was very much effective for VS reduction compared with the blank (it shows 16.3% higher than blank). In another set of experiments, which differed in sludge characteristics with 25% digested sludge and 0.5% enzyme dosage the culture containing the mixed enzymes presents the highest percentage of VS reduction among all the samples (13.6% higher than blank), where with 25% digested sludge and 0.5% enzyme dosage of Termamyl and mixed enzymes show 13.5% and 12.8% greater VS reduction respectively compared with the blank. The experimental work showed that enzymatic pre-treatment can be successfully used as a pre-treatment step for treating sludge mixture produced from municipal wastewater treatment plant and the performance of individual enzymes largely depends on the characteristics of sludge

Numerical estimation of thermal radiation effects on Marangoni Convection of dusty fluid

In this paper, numerical solutions to thermally radiating Marangoni convection of dusty fluid flow along a vertical wavy surface are established. The results are obtained with the understanding that the dust particles are of uniform size and dispersed in optically thick fluid. The numerical solutions of the dimensionless transformed equations are obtained through straightforward implicit finite difference scheme. In order to analyze the influence of various controlling parameters, results are displayed in the form of rate of heat transfer, skin friction coeffcient, velocity and temperature profiles, streamlines and isotherms. It is observed that the variation in thermal radiation parameter significantly alters the corresponding particle pattern and extensively promotes the heat transfer rate

Performance improvement of simplified synchronous generators using an active power filter

Active power filters (APF) are used to improve power quality and are commonly connected in parallel with the load at the point of common coupling (PCC). They are used to compensate for harmonics from nonlinear loads, for reactive power compensation and/or balancing mains currents. This paper will investigate the effect of using an APF to improve the output power quality of a simplified synchronous generator (SSG) with distorted back-EMF. The work will further investigate the use of an APF in parallel to improve the transient response of synchronous generator without damper bars, in order to control the dynamic response from a sudden change in the connected load. Using an APF, simulation results show significant improvements in both generator output current quality and transient response to load step changes without damper bars

Power quality improvement of synchronous generators using an active power filter

Active power filters (APF) are used to improve power quality and are commonly connected in parallel with the load at the point of common coupling (PCC). They are used to compensate for harmonics from nonlinear loads, for reactive power compensation and/or balancing mains currents. This paper will investigate the effect of using an APF to improve the output power quality of a simplified synchronous generator (SSG) with distorted back-EMF. A Matlab Simulink model for the SSG is built to simulate all the system, the APF and the proposed generator. Using an APF, simulation and experimental results show significant improvements in generator output current and reduced the THD in the system

Natural convection of gas along a vertical wavy surface with effect of variable thermophysical properties

The intent of this paper is to establish the detailed parametric study for laminar natural convection ow along a vertical wavy plate. Typical sinusoidal surface is used to elu- cidate the heat transport phenomena for the gas having variable thermophysical properties. From the present analysis, we will interrogate whether the presence of roughness element disturbs the gas ow and alter the physical characteristics associates with the wavy surface or not? The numerical solutions are obtained after converting the governing equations into a suitable coordinate system. The results are interpreted for the parameters which emerge from the temperature dependent physical properties of the gases and transverse curvature of the surface. In order to ensure the accuracy, the present numerical results are also compared with some special cases and are found in good agreement. The key observation from the present analysis is that the amplitude of wavy surface parameter, a contributes in reduction of heat transfer rate