Indoor environment propagation review

A survey of indoor propagation characteristics is presented, including different models for path loss, shadowing and fast fading mechanisms, different channel parameters including signal strength, power delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread and angle of arrival. The concepts of MIMO channels are also covered. The study also explores many types of deterministic channel modelling, such as Finite Difference Time Domain, Finite Integration Method, Ray tracing and the Dominant path model. Electromagnetic properties of building materials, including frequency dependence, are also investigated and several models for propagation through buildings are reviewed

Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hemodialysis patients are at risk for deficiency of essential trace elements and excess of toxic trace elements, both of which can affect health. We conducted a systematic review to summarize existing literature on trace element status in hemodialysis patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All studies which reported relevant data for chronic hemodialysis patients and a healthy control population were eligible, regardless of language or publication status. We included studies which measured at least one of the following elements in whole blood, serum, or plasma: antimony, arsenic, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, tellurium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. We calculated differences between hemodialysis patients and controls using the differences in mean trace element level, divided by the pooled standard deviation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 128 eligible studies. Available data suggested that levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and vanadium were higher and that levels of selenium, zinc and manganese were lower in hemodialysis patients, compared with controls. Pooled standard mean differences exceeded 0.8 standard deviation units (a large difference) higher than controls for cadmium, chromium, vanadium, and lower than controls for selenium, zinc, and manganese. No studies reported data on antimony, iodine, tellurium, and thallium concentrations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Average blood levels of biologically important trace elements were substantially different in hemodialysis patients, compared with healthy controls. Since both deficiency and excess of trace elements are potentially harmful yet amenable to therapy, the hypothesis that trace element status influences the risk of adverse clinical outcomes is worthy of investigation.</p

Uses of organometallic compounds in chemical processes

This review is proposed to address knowledge of organometallic compounds (OMC) in chemical applications and show these compounds' depth scope in different scientific studies. This review is based on outlining the gap between the traditional preparations and green chemistry synthesis of organometallic materials purposes in the experimental section of a researcher's papers. The most comparative research considers the drawbacks of organometallic compounds, including their applications in industrial, clinical, drug forms, and chemical reactions. However, many organometallic compounds are inherently poisonous. The most general challenge is producing alternative substances to creative green organometallic compounds, specifically in drug formulations systems. A wide range of chemical reactions have been investigated and formulated new organometallic properties this may be associated with an increased level of enhancement health systems. This study aims to determine the importance of organometallic compound in many path ways in various articles and confirmed how papers trying to characterize new organometallic substances in various chemical processes. Particular interest is given to knowledge synthesis OMC in medicine and industrially.</jats:p

283 - Long-Term Outcomes of urethral bulking with Bulkamid Therapy for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: First Longitudinal Study in the region

Hypothesis / aims of study: The long-term effectiveness and patient-reported outcomes in the region remain underexplored. This study aims to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of the Bulkamid procedure within the specific population of women across the region. Study design, materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study complemented by a prospective telephone follow-up survey. We reviewed the records of 90 female patients who underwent Bulkamid injection for SUI or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The retrospective component involved analyzing medical records to collect data on demographics, obstetric history, type of incontinence, previous pelvic interventions, and procedural details including injection volume. A telephone follow-up survey was conducted at a minimum of six months post-procedure to assess long-term outcomes. A Validated questionnaire, developed by the research team was administered. This included domains addressing symptom recurrence, frequency and severity of leakage, impact on quality of life, retreatment, and patient satisfaction. the survey incorporate validated elements from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ)(1) to assess ongoing urinary leakage. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation testing using Chi-square and t-tests to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and treatment outcomes. Results: 90 female patients who underwent Bulkamid injection for stress or mixed urinary incontinence were analyzed. The mean age was 47.3 years (SD 10.15) and BMI 28.2 (SD 4.05). The sample population was comprised of 60% local women. MUI was the predominant type (60%), and 22.2% had previous pelvic surgeries. The mean injection volume was 1.76 ml. Complications were reported in 9 patients (12.7%), including postoperative UTI in 3 patients and acute urinary retention in 7 patients. On follow up phone calls 6+ months after surgery, leakage persisted in 86.8% of patients, with 62.5% reporting small amounts and 25% large amounts. The mean interference with QOL was 6.92 (SD 3.48). Bulkamid was repeated in 37% of cases, and 15% required alternative interventions. Notably, 66.7% would recommend the procedure. No statistically significant correlations were found between complications or outcomes and age, BMI, number of pregnancies, or injection volume. Interpretation of results: Bulkamid demonstrated a favourable safety profile with low complication rates, but a high percentage of patients continued to report urinary leakage after treatment. The lack of significant associations between baseline characteristics and outcomes suggests that patient selection criteria alone may not predict response to therapy. Despite symptom persistence, the majority of patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment, likely reflecting the minimally invasive nature, improvement in leakage, and safety of the procedure. These findings underscore the importance of individualized counselling and expectation management. Concluding message: Urethral bulking with Bulkamid offers a safe and minimally invasive option for managing stress urinary incontinence. Although a substantial proportion of patients reported persistent leakage, the majority expressed overall satisfaction with the treatment. These findings suggest that Bulkamid may be most appropriate for carefully selected patients who prioritize low procedural risk and are willing to accept the potential need for retreatmentFunding none Clinical Trial No Subjects Human Ethics Committee Research ethical committee Helsinki Yes Informed Consent Ye