Dual Nationality of the Ships and its Legal Impact

The international conventions for high seas had provided that each ship must have one flag only and must not change its flag during the voyage or for any reason. However, in the last years many ships have infringed this rule and had registered with other states that had allowed any foreign ships to register in their ports. These states are an open registry states, which are known as 'Flag of Convenience' states. This change of the flag during the voyage, which caused a lot of problems, was for a political and economic reasons either to make their own profit or to avoid their flag state fees. Notably, such phenomenon is considered as a maritime fraud, which will impact the maritime world and disseminate chaos on the high seas. For these reasons, this paper will highlight the duplication of the nationality for the ships issue and analyse the effects of this negative behaviour.Â

Letter of Credit Disputes from an Arbitration Perspective

In a recent study, it might not be possible to refer letter of credit fraud cases to arbitration instead of litigation. Alavi’s research suggested that there could be some obstacles, such as obtaining banks’ response and cooperation; the different and high standards of proof of fraud required; and the difficulty in obtaining an injunction. His study answered a question proposed by Blodgett and Mayer as to whether arbitration would ever take place in letter of credit disputes.  This short research paper will answer this question, but from a different angle: whether arbitration will provide more appropriate judgments (award) than litigation regarding letter of credit disputes. This question arises from the writer’s observation that, in the past twenty years, different judgments have been issued for similar disputes

Contribution of Entrepreneurship and SMEs in Sustainability Development in Jordan

The main focus of the study is to critically evaluate of contribution of entrepreneurship and SMEs in sustainability development in Jordan in terms of many aspects as  social and financial and labor . Recently in SMEs and entrepreneurship and microfinance literature the term of development discussed widely among SMEs practitioners, Academic, researcher, and policymaker as engine for development of society. In this context the present study is an attempt by researcher to examine the sustainable development and outreach performance and financial sustainability of microfinance institution in Jordan .the analysis of the study reveals that microfinance institution in Jordan has had an adequate level of development. and  still not reach the level of common accept by all stakeholders in the field, therefore the study come out with valuable recommendations to  be achieve respectively. Keywords: Entrepreneurship,   Sustainability Development, management, Small and medium enterprises, Microfinance,

Service quality during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study

From Crossref journal articles via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2022-03-31Raed Aladwan - ORCID: 0000-0001-7137-1034 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-1034https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/20.500.12289/12065/12065.pdfThis study aims to examine service quality in the hospitality industry in Jordan aiming to determine whether accommodators are satisfied with the services of hotels. The research also aimed to address if total quality management in the service industry is just as important as it is in the product-based industries. This research followed the quantitative method of closed-ended questions that was conducted online following the probability sampling of simple random sampling. Survey data were collected from 247 participants using the SERVQUAL model. A test of the model was conducted and the results showed that people are mostly satisfied with the quality of the services offered by hotels in Jordan, but were dissatisfied with the speed of the check-in process and that there is only a minimal number of people who are dissatisfied with the service quality. This is one of the first studies that represent a little-researched area of recent times and even less so in Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research paper has shown the significant importance of total quality management in the hospitality industry around the globe and in Jordan specifically, the study shows how service quality can affect the satisfaction of customers and their levels of loyalty, as it has been found that levels of loyalty increase as the levels of satisfaction within the quality of offered services increases6pubpub

Letter of Credit Disputes from an Arbitration Perspective

In a recent study, it might not be possible to refer letter of credit fraud cases to arbitration instead of litigation. Alavi’s research suggested that there could be some obstacles, such as obtaining banks’ response and cooperation; the different and high standards of proof of fraud required; and the difficulty in obtaining an injunction. His study answered a question proposed by Blodgett and Mayer as to whether arbitration would ever take place in letter of credit disputes.  This short research paper will answer this question, but from a different angle: whether arbitration will provide more appropriate judgments (award) than litigation regarding letter of credit disputes. This question arises from the writer’s observation that, in the past twenty years, different judgments have been issued for similar disputes

THE IMPACT OF BANK SIZE ON PROFITABILITY“AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON LISTED JORDANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS”

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of bank size on its profitability for Jordanian listed commercial banks within different size bank categories. Data for Jordanian commercial banks for the years from 2007 up to 2012 were used to classify banks for three categories according to their asset size, in respect to their Total Assets. Profitability was measured by Return on Equity (ROE) as dependent variables. The study is constructed to reveal if there is a statistical difference in profitability according to size. Simple regression was applied by using dummy variables for categories to proxy asset size. The results of the study revealed a significance difference in the profitability of these different sized banks

The effect of the spread of the new COVID-19 on students with learning disabilities according to some variables

The spread of the new Corona virus has led to the closure of direct educational activities and the transition to distance learning. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effectiveness of distance learning in the shadow of the Coronavirus pandemic in Saudi Arabia. This study explored the effect of developing reading comprehension among English language students with learning disabilities using the reading speed strategy, identifying the effect of both gender, and teaching method on developing reading comprehension. To achieve the aim of the study, a test was prepared to measure reading comprehension after ensuring its validity and reliability. The study population consisted of all (200) students studying English language in the schools of the Directorate of Education for the Second Irbid Region for the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The study was applied to a sample of (80) male and female students, who were selected in the simple method. The participants were distributed into two experimental groups, which received the training, and another two control groups, which studied the same educational material in the traditional method. The test was applied to the study groups before starting the implementation of the study to ensure the equality of groups. The results showed clear differences in the mean scores of the experimental group students and those of the control group students, and in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed that there were no differences between the mean scores of the students' scores attributed to gender (Khasawneh, 2021)

Empowerment and Participation of Woman in Arab Workforce Market

This article aims to highlight focus on the Arab  woman empowerment and participation in the workforce ,the study is descriptive study focusing on the case of woman which is consider as the half and more of Arab society. There are several methods for analyzing and reporting the situation of women in the Arab region. One method involves the Gender Inequality Index (GII), which is one of the Human Development Indicators that is use different indicators for a comparative measure as life expectancy, literacy, education, standards of living and quality of life. Moreover, it can be used to measure the impact of economic policies on the quality of life which reflects gender-based inequalities, is a composite measure that captures the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality, and uses three dimensions to do so namely reproductive health, empowerment and labor market participation. The study recommended many wealthy aspect to overcome and success of empowerment of woman in Arab countries as regulations and legal and social and management policies. Keyword: Empowerment   , inequality, labor market, gender, economic Development

The Impact of E-CRM on the Customer Loyalty of Airline Companies (Field Study in Jordan Market)

Customer relationship management (CRM) has been increasingly adopted because of its benefits of greater customer satisfaction and loyalty, which in turn, leads to enhanced financial and competitive performance. This paper reports on a study that examines the relationship between e- CRM and customer loyalty. This study contributes to the limited literature on e-CRM strategy since little is known about the impact of CRM on loyalty in the Airline industry in Jordan. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of Airline companies in Jordan. Hierarchical regression analyses on a sample of  (513 passengers) Airlines companies,  The study found that there is a strong relation indicates that the communication function through the company's website have an important and effective role in creating the customer's loyalty to the airline company. and  the interactive function is very important in creating the customer's loyalty to the airline company since it is necessary that the company's website be easy to navigate through, and indicates that security is also an important element for interaction and creating loyalty , there are no Differences in Impact of (E-CRM) on the customer's Loyalty due to sample Age. but  there are differences in Impact of (E-CRM) on the customer's Loyalty due to sample education level and customer Experience , Came to (Under Graduate and More than Ten times) favor Keywords: Customer relationship management, customer loyalty, Airlines company