Visible and infrared photocurrent enhancement in a graphene-silicon Schottky photodetector through surface-states and electric field engineering

The design of efficient graphene-silicon (GSi) Schottky junction photodetectors requires detailed understanding of the spatial origin of the photoresponse. Scanning-photocurrent-microscopy (SPM) studies have been carried out in the visible wavelengths regions only, in which the response due to silicon is dominant. Here we present comparative SPM studies in the visible ($\lambda$ = 633nm) and infrared ($\lambda$ = 1550nm) wavelength regions for a number of GSi Schottky junction photodetector architectures, revealing the photoresponse mechanisms for silicon and graphene dominated responses, respectively, and demonstrating the influence of electrostatics on the device performance. Local electric field enhancement at the graphene edges leads to a more than ten-fold increased photoresponse compared to the bulk of the graphene-silicon junction. Intentional design and patterning of such graphene edges is demonstrated as an efficient strategy to increase the overall photoresponse of the devices. Complementary simulations and modeling illuminate observed effects and highlight the importance of considering graphene's shape and pattern and device geometry in the device design

Criminal Justice and Suicide Outcomes with Indiana's Risk-Based Gun Seizure Law

This article examines the application and effectiveness of a 2006 Indiana law designed to prevent gun violence by authorizing police officers to separate firearms from persons who present imminent or future risk of injury to self or others, or display a propensity for violent or emotionally unstable conduct. A court hearing is held to determine ongoing risk in these cases; a judge decides whether to return the seized firearms or retain them for up to five years. The study examines the frequency of criminal arrest as well as suicide outcomes for 395 gun-removal actions in Indiana. Fourteen individuals (3.5%) died from suicide, seven (1.8%) using a firearm. The study population's annualized suicide rate was about 31 times higher than that of the general adult population in Indiana, demonstrating that the law is being applied to a population genuinely at high risk. By extrapolating information on the case fatality rate for different methods of suicide, we calculated that one life was saved for every 10 gun-removal actions, similar to results of a previous study in Connecticut. Perspectives from key stakeholders are also presented along with implications for gun policy reform and implementation

Numerical Simulation of the Deformation of Some MEMS

In this paper we present the numerical simulation of the deformation of two Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), a trampoline-type one i.e. a rectangular cantilever beam and an accelerometer that consists of a square plate with all edges simply supported. The deformation of these systems is modeled by fourth-order differential equations, ordinary and partial respectively. We find the approximate solutions by using the finite differences method programmed in Matlab, solving the system of linear equations associated with different methods to evaluate the efficiency of these. We obtained very good approximations with small errors compared to other articles that use other approaches

Enabling High Quality Oxygen Measurements during Robotic Based Studies of Ocean Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes

Dissolved oxygen is an essential parameter necessary for understanding marine ecological and biogeochemical processes. New robotic vehicles and autonomous platforms are being applied to an even wider range of ecological and biogeochemical studies. Thus, arises the opportunity for matching the best possible oxygen sensing techniques and methods to these new platforms. In so doing, we can enable both more targeted and higher resolution oxygen measurements than previously possible and potentially use oxygen measurements for a wider range of applications, including in situ incubation experiments and primary productivity measurements. This thesis tested three different oxygen sensors in a trade study for stability, accuracy, precision, drift and detection limits. This thesis also conducted an iron oxidation field application study in order to fully understand the obstacles and difficulties that occur when utilizing and deploying oxygen sensors. The iron oxidation field study determined an average dissolved iron half life of approximately 4.2 hrs. The kinetic rate of iron oxidation at Lo’ihi was then compared to other known sites. The comparison revealed Lo’ihi to have a slower oxidation rate than most other sites. This is likely due to the fact that Lo’ihi is located in the oxygen minimum zone

Verbena L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19374/thumbnail.jp

The Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in Physiological Processes and Hematological Disorders: Insights into Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in biomedicine, acting as essential molecules in cellular metabolism and signaling while posing a threat to cellular components through oxidative damage. This poster explores the significance of ROS in various physiological processes and hematological diseases associated with cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. Methods: We have thoroughly studied over 60 most recent or related literature to the topic and determine important roles of ROS in various biological systems, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Results: ROS are crucial in cell signaling, immune response, and gene expression, but excessive levels can lead to oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. Oxidative stress can disrupt intracellular processes, including programmed cell death, downstream signaling, and cellular proliferation. Consequently, the regular functioning of tissues subject to oxidative stress is altered, enabling the development of diseases. ROS play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, contributing to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis. ROS production leads to modification of LDL, causing atherosclerotic plaques. Increased ROS production in vascular smooth muscle cells and impaired endothelial function promote atherosclerosis development. Additionally, high glucose levels promote the formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates in diabetic patients, increasing risk of coronary artery disease. ROS also play a critical role in pathogenesis of cerebral vascular disease (CeVD). Oxidative stress markers have been correlated with severity of CeVD, including stroke and cognitive impairment. Potential therapeutic strategies, including polyphenols and ROS scavengers, are effective in mitigating oxidative stress-related damage and improving outcomes in CeVD patients. Conclusion: This understanding of ROS in biomedicine guides innovative therapies to restore redox balance and reduce oxidative stress\u27s detrimental effects