PARENTAL GUIDE TO BEHAVIOUR CHANGE IN THE HOME: A BEHAVIOURAL MODEL

Parental roles in the home are many and one essen-tial role performed by parents is behaviour change. As Genetic and environmental factors affect behaviour, parents need to be aware of areas in which they can enrich the home environment. There are many psychological methods to deal with maladaptive behaviours, in general, the behavioural model is an approach parents can easily utilize at home to deal with inappropriate behaviour. The behavioural model may involve the respondent (classical) approach or the operant approach. Research has supported the use and application of Behavioural model in behaviour change in the home. At home, the classical conditioning techniques that could be utilized include the use of noxious stimulation, relaxation and desensitization and implosive therapy. Parents, before utilizing operant conditioning tech niques need to be aware of the different reinforcers that could be used at home and knowledge of different s-:hedules of reinforcement would also be helpful. Parents and guardians have a significant role to play in the development of appropriate behaviour in the home and the behavioural model is one approach through which this could be achieved

APPRAISAL OF THE HEALTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL RECREATIONAL NEEDS OF WEST AFRICAN STUDENTS IN U.S.A .

The health and pnysical development and social recreational needs of West African students enrolled in American Univers ities have not received the kind of attention given to other problem areas these students face in American Institutions. The response of West African students to the Mooney Problem Checklist revealed that a substantial percentage of these students have some concern in the problem areas of health and physical development as well as social and recreation activities. These problem areas also appear significant to the students under study. More attention to these problem areas will enhance the academic success of the students which is the ultimate goal for going to the United States

Counselling the Athlete in a University Setting

The rudiments of sports skills by the athlete during the early years of schooling can be developed further and improved upon during the university education period. The university setting can offer the athlete opportunity to excel in sport participation and in academics. Apart from the cognitive development of the athlete during university education, there is the possibility of exposure of the athlete to better equipment, good training facilities and services that can enhance the athlete 's performance in sportsThe university athlete needs to sustain high performance in sports and maintain adequate academic performance as well. The athlete needs to know how to utilise the resources available, to make him or her a top athlete, a successful and adjusted student. Ability to manage time adequately can ensure not only his/her active and adequate participation in sports but also his/her effective academic planning, in order to ensure success in both areas. Through counselling, the university athlete can develop awareness of what job opportunities his/her participation in sports can offer. The athlete can be assisted to recognise those social-psychological factors than can enhance performance and how his/her needs and special interest can be met. The athlete can also be assisted to learn about sports inspite of competing academic and other university demands