Evaluation of Mandibular Third Molars Impaction Related to Inferior Alveolar Nerve by Using Panoramic Radiography in Zliten City, Libya: A retrospective study

Abstract Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between impacted third molars and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) by using panoramic x-ray. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Assalam Dental Center in Zliten, Libya. We selected panoramic radiographic images of 65 patients (31 Female and 34 Male) between ages (17and 84 years) with 73 impacted mandibular third molars from the database of Assalam Dental Center that requires surgical extraction of their wisdom teeth. Results: Thirty-eight lower third molars out of the 73 impacted teeth were at high risk of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve with 52%, 11 impacted teeth with low risk to the inferior alveolar nerve, and 24 impacted teeth with no risk. Conclusion:  This digital radiographic study shows the importance of the preoperative radiographic in planning before the extraction of the lower third molars to avoid the risk of nerve damage

Evaluation of Mandibular Third Molars Impaction Related to Inferior Alveolar Nerve by Using Panoramic Radiography in Zliten City, Libya: A retrospective study

Abstract Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between impacted third molars and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) by using panoramic x-ray. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Assalam Dental Center in Zliten, Libya. We selected panoramic radiographic images of 65 patients (31 Female and 34 Male) between ages (17and 84 years) with 73 impacted mandibular third molars from the database of Assalam Dental Center that requires surgical extraction of their wisdom teeth. Results: Thirty-eight lower third molars out of the 73 impacted teeth were at high risk of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve with 52%, 11 impacted teeth with low risk to the inferior alveolar nerve, and 24 impacted teeth with no risk. Conclusion:  This digital radiographic study shows the importance of the preoperative radiographic in planning before the extraction of the lower third molars to avoid the risk of nerve damage

Saudi Food Industry Value: Profile Disclosure, Profitability, and Sustainable Supply Chain Effects

The purpose of the current research is to examine the impact of industry profile, profitability, and sustainable supply chain on the value of the firm. The firms success is directly related to the efficiency of its supply chain. This research was conducted on firms that typically trade on the Saudi Stock Exchange as belonging to the food industry. Purposive sampling was used in this study to show the sample. In addition, the data collected in this study from the annual report for 20 firms, for three years (2019-2021). This study finds that the Profitability, and Reports of Sustainable supply chain of the firm affect the firm value, and these results are consistent with the perspective of Stakeholder and Agency Theories. However, the firms value is unaffected by the industry profile

Anthropometric analysis of maxillofacial foramina in skulls of four human populations using electronic calliper and 3D laser scanning methods

This study was undertaken to identify the landmarks that would provide the most reliable and predictable indicators of the position of the supraorbital, infraorbital, mental and mandibular foramina in human skulls of Hokien, Hylam, Indian and British populations of ranging ages, which would provide clinicians with suitable modifications in technique to accommodate these variations. Measurements were taken using both electronic digital callipers and 3D laser scanning. Electronic digital calliper measurements were made to estimate how far each foramen was from specific anatomical landmarks on the skulls. An apparatus was developed to position the skulls securely so that the measurement points could be accurately identified, then an electronic digital calliper was used to measure the distance between the defined points. In addition, the same skulls were also scanned using a FastSCAN™ Polhemus Scorpion™ handheld laser scanner, and imported into 3D modelling software (FreeForm Modelling Plus™). This 3D software integrates a PHANYOM™ desktop arm and a haptic force feedback device that provides the user with a sense of touch. Accordingly, with the “Ruler” tool, the measurements between various foramina and defined anatomical landmarks were measured. Measurements made by electronic digital calliper were compared statistically with those made using the 3D scanning method, and overall there was good correlation between the two, indicating that 3D scanning could be used as an alternative method. With regard to age changes in the skulls, the ages of the Hokien and Hylam groups were known, having been recorded from death records, but the Indian and British skulls were not of known age. In a preliminary study the known age skulls were used to validate the methods of Miles (1962) and Brothwell (1981) who aged skulls using tooth wear patterns. The decision was taken to use the Brothwell chart for the assessment of age in the Indian and British skulls in the main study. For each of the four population groups, intra-population comparisons of the measurements were made between right and left sides, and between skulls of young and old individuals, also inter-population comparisons between ipsilateral measurements were made. The correlation between the obtuseness of the mandibular angle and the ipsilateral measurement from the mental foramen to the posterior border of the mandible were made on both sides of the skulls of each population group. Non-significant differences were found between the measurements on right and left sides for the skulls of all populations. There were significant differences between some ipsilateral measurements but although there were statistically significant, they were not considered to be clinically significant. There were no significant differences between ipsilateral measurements with increasing age of the skulls. Also there were weak correlations between the obtuseness of the mandibular angle and the ipsilateral measurement from the mental foramen to the posterior border of the mandible on both sides of the skulls of each population group. There were good statistically agreements between the electronic digital calliper and 3D laser scanning measurements in all groups and the two methods may be used interchangeably. However 3D scanning is a digital process and therefore the scans could be accessed remotely, either across the internet or by CD

Adolescent well‐being: A concept analysis

Although there is a vast literature on the concept of well-being, there appears to be no consensus regarding its meaning. A clear conceptualization of adolescent well-being is necessary as the foundation for interventions and research addressing this phenomenon. Adolescence is a transitional period characterized by rapid growth, gaining independence, and learning social skills as well as behaviours that lay the foundations for future well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyse the concept of adolescent well-being and identify its attributes, antecedents, and empirical referents based on the literature. The Walker and Avant (2019) method was used. Ninety-four articles were included in the final review. The defining attributes of adolescent well-being were identified as autonomy, connectedness, optimism and competency. The antecedents were grouped under internal and external factors. Internal factors included the behavioural, physical, psychological, and spiritual domains. External factors included the environmental, economic, education, leisure, social, and safety as well as security domains. For the adolescent to reach well-being, all these domains must be present, albeit, the social domain was highly stressed. The consequences of adolescent well-being included eudaimonia, having high resilience as well as low risk-taking behaviours and delinquency. Empirical referents were discussed in terms of ways of measuring the defining attributes. Stemming from the eudaimonic perspective, to promote adolescent well-being, care providers need to integrate in education, practice, and research the importance of establishing positive relations and connectedness, to enhance adolescent autonomy and optimism and assist them to grow into competent and self-fulfilled beings

Strategies for technology-based economic development

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-112).by Amal Muhammad Musa Alayan.M.S

Rasch Analysis of Lebanese Nurses’ Responses to the EIS Questionnaire

This study examined the psychometric characteristics of a 32-item modified version of the Ethical Issues Scale (EIS). Data were collected from 59 registered nurses at the American University of Beirut Medical Centre (AUBMC). Data were analyzed using WINSTEPS Rasch analysis software. The four-category EIS rating scale needs modification for future studies in Lebanon. All EIS scale items need rewording prior to translation into Arabic to avoid confusion among Lebanese nurses. Principal component analysis (PCA) of residuals indicated the possible presence of additional dimensions. Additional EIS items are needed to improve targeting

Assessment of difference in the clinical and microbial spectrum of community-acquired pneumonia among Egyptian children

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Chest radiography and rapid viral testing may be helpful when the diagnosis is unclear.Objective: This study aimed to find pattern community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogen after introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) vaccine in Egypt and also to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of CAP in children.Patients and methods: A cross sectional study that was conducted on 54 patients with pneumonia infection. Participation to this study was offered to all consecutive children aged 2 months to 7 years old presenting with CAP according to the WHO criteria. All cases with CAP were subjected to full history, clinical examination, radiological plan chest X-ray and laboratory and microbiological investigations. Results: The mean age was 1.79 years and mean weight was 9.61 Kg, more than half of them were male (57.4%). About 94.4% of the studied group had respiratory distress (RD) Grade I followed 70.4% had Grade II, 46.3% had grade III. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 11.06 gm/dl, mean hematocrit was 32.44%, while mean neutrophil was 6.61%. Additionally, the mean platelets count was 345.81 × 103/mm3 mean CRP was 43.26 mg/dl, and the median of PCT was 1.13. All 64.8% of the studied group had disease less than 1 week ago. Regarding oxygen support 14.8% needed ventilator. Finally 22.2% were admitted to ICU.Conclusion: Bacteremia is an unusual complication of CAP in hospitalized children. Our study suggests that approximately 1% of admitted children with CAP are bacteremic

Why Zero Trust Framework Adoption has Emerged During and After Covid-19 Pandemic

The rise of COVID-19 brought an unprecedented change in the way people lived. It left several people in a work-from-home situation. This Paper aims to investigate the recent works which applied Zero Trust and the reason that this framework adoption has emerged during and after the Pandemic. In this regard, a questionnaire was prepared, and its results are reported. According to its results, with Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) gaining skyrocket popularity and trust, for around 60% corporates, ZT Access is planned for future, while for around 30% corporates, the project is in pipeline. None of the organizations surveyed have the ZTA in place. 14% of organizations are uninterested in adopting ZTA. Plus, in past 2 years, the percentage of north American organizations having a ZTA on the plans to establish one in the next 12–18 months has shot up