Bioactivity of toothpaste containing bioactive glass in remineralizing media: effect of fluoride release from the enzymatic cleavage of monofluorophosphate

Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1. Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However, the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed. The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed using the presented method

Certain Differential Subordinations using a Generalized Sălăgean Operator and Ruscheweyh Operator

MSC 2010: 30C45, 30A20, 34A40In the present paper we define a new operator using the generalized Sălăgean operator and the Ruscheweyh operator

Pengaruh Derau (Noise) Pada Pemampatan Intra-frame Urutan Citra Gerak Tari Hegong Menggunakan Alihragam Gelombang Singkat

Teknologi pemampatan data berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi informasi. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi pemampatan, maka penyebaran data menjadi lebih cepat hal ini disebabkan ukuran data yang lebih kecil dari ukuran aslinya sehingga mempermudah proses pengiriman data atau dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap kapasitas media penyimpanan. Jenis data yang dimampatkan pada penelitian ini adalah urutan data citra bergerak. Hegong merupakan salah satu jenis tari tradisional yang berasal dari Kabupaten Sikka, NTT. Tarian ini dimainkan pada acara penyambutan tamu, para penarinya terdiri dari pria dan wanita, gerakan tariannya pun beragam. Dalam hubunganya dengan citra, pengambilan objek pada tarian hegong ini dapat mengurutkan citranya. Kemudian dari urutan citra tersebut akan dimampatkan melalui pemampatan intra-frame menggunakan Alihragam gelombang-singkat (wavelet). Pada penelitian ini akan membandingkan fungsi gelombang-singkat dari keluarga Daubechies, Coiflet, Symlet, untuk mendapatkan persentase Rasio pemampatan dan nilai PSNR dengan memberikan Derau(noise) pada citranya. Dari hasil perbandingan tersebut maka akan diketahui fungsi gelombang-singkat dari keluarga Daubechies, Coiflet, Symlet, yang memiliki nilai Rasio pemampatan dan nilai PNSR yang terbesar dengan pengaruh Derau(noise). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan pada pemamptan intra-frame urutan citra gerak tari Hegong maka didapatkan bahwa keluarga keluarga coiflet 5 mempunyai nilai PSNR yang tertinggi namun rasio kompresinya rendah. Rasio Kompresi yang tertinggi adalah kelurga Haar , namun nilai PSNRnya rendah

g-Functions and gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling

We study gluon scattering amplitudes/Wilson loops in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling by calculating the area of the minimal surfaces in AdS_3 based on the associated thermodynamic Bethe ansatz system. The remainder function of the amplitudes is computed by evaluating the free energy, the T- and Y-functions of the homogeneous sine-Gordon model. Using conformal field theory (CFT) perturbation, we examine the mass corrections to the free energy around the CFT point corresponding to the regular polygonal Wilson loop. Based on the equivalence between the T-functions and the g-functions, which measure the boundary entropy, we calculate corrections to the T- and Y-functions as well as express them at the CFT point by the modular S-matrix. We evaluate the remainder function around the CFT point for 8 and 10-point amplitudes explicitly and compare these analytic expressions with the 2-loop formulas. The two rescaled remainder functions show very similar power series structures.Comment: 51 pages, 4 figures, v2: some comments and references added, based on the published version, v3: minor change

Caffeine content of conventional and non conventional foods on the Hungarian market

Caffeine content of 377 food samples obtained from the Hungarian market was measured by a validated HPLC technique. The highest caffeine levels were observed in different instant coffees (3954±2355 mg/100 g) and ground coffee beans (1634±389 mg/100 g). Significant amount of caffeine could be detected in energy drinks (119 mg in 100 ml at the highest end). The caffeine content of different coffee drinks varied between 40 and 203 mg/100 ml. Significant amount of caffeine could be measured in special instant coffees called 2in1 and 3in1 (120 mg per serving at the highest end), cacao powders (125 mg in 100 g), in chocolates (on average, 16.1 mg and 52.5 mg in 100 g milk and dark chocolate, respectively), breakfast cereals (between 5.7 and 15.8 mg per 100 g), and ice creams (1.7–24.8 mg in 100 g)

Analisa Penentuan Jumlah Cluster Terbaik Pada Metode K-means Clustering

Clustering is a technique used to analyze data either in machine learning, data mining, patternrecognition, image analysis and bioinformatics. So as to produce useful information need for ananalysis of data using clustering process because data has a lot of variety and quantity. In thiscase the researchers will use the K-Means method in which these methods into an efficient andeffective algorithms to process data with the variety and number of lots. K-means algorithm hasa problem in determining the best number of clusters. So in this paper the researchers willconduct research to search for the best number of clusters in K-means method. There are manyways to determine this, one of them with methods Elebow. The determination of these methodsseen from the graph SSE (Sum Square Error) of some number of clusters. Results from this studywill be the basis for determining the number clusters in the process clustering with K-Meansmethod in a case study, and this case study will be conducted at the institute STAHN (SekolahTinggi Agama Hindu Negeri) Tampung Penyang Palangkaraya