Experimental Investigation of Supercooled Water Droplet Breakup near the Leading Edge of an Airfoil

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on supercooled droplet deformation and breakup near the leading edge of an airfoil. The results are compared to prior room-temperature droplet deformation results to explore the effects of droplet supercooling. The experiments were conducted in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand at The Pennsylvania State University. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotor blades mounted onto the hub in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand chamber was moved at speeds ranging between 50 and 80 ms. The temperature of the chamber was 20C. A monotonic droplet generator was used to produce droplets that fell perpendicular to the airfoil path. High-speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. Cases with equal slip and initial velocity were selected for the two environmental conditions. The airfoil velocity was 60 ms, and the slip velocity for both sets of data was 40 ms. The deformation of the weakly supercooled and warm droplets did not present different trends. The similar behavior for both conditions indicates that water supercooling has no effect on particle deformation for the range of supercooling of the droplets tested and the selected impact velocity

Variability cognitive profile in children and adults with Down syndrome. A neuropsychological study

Introducción: El síndrome de Down (SD) es una alteración cromosómica que presenta un fenotipo cognitivo y conductual específico y de una gran complejidad. Objetivos: estudiar el grado de variabilidad del perfil cognitvo a través de pruebas de diagnóstico neuropsicológico en dos edades claramente diferenciadas del desarrollo: edad escolar y edad aulta. Participantes y métodos: Se estudiaron 105 sujetos de edad infantil y adulta, 43 con SD y 62 sin SD. Se valoraron variables neuropsicológicas. Se realizó estudio comparativo de las diferentes variables neuropsicológicas entre los grupos SD y comparación, y entre los grupos infantiles y adultos. Resultados: Los grupos SD infantil y adulto presentaron un rendimiento neuropsicológico significativamente (p<0.05) más bajo que los grupos control. El 84% de las variables neuropsicológicas estudiadas en el grupo SD infantil mostraron un significativo grado de variabilidad (p<0.05), en el grupo SD adulto apareció un 44% de las variables estudiadas con un significativo grado de variabilidad. Conclusiones: El rendimiento neuropsicológico es deficitario en todas las áreas cognitivas estudiadas con diferente grado de representación según la función cognitiva, y con un alto grado de variabilidad cognitiva, especialmente en la edad infantil.Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder that has a specific and highly complex cognitive and behavioral phenotype. Objectives: To study the degree of variability cognitvo profile through neuropsychological diagnostic tests into two distinct developmental ages : aulta school age and older. Participants and Methods: 105 subjects aged child and adult, 43 with and 62 without SD SD were studied. Neuropsychological variables were assessed. Comparative study of different neuropsychological variables between SD and comparison groups was performed, and between groups of children and adults. Results: Children and adult SD neuropsychological performance groups had significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control groups. 84% of the neuropsy- chological variables studied in child SD group showed a significant degree of variability (p < 0.05 ) in the SD group showed adult 44% of the studied variables with a significant degree of variability. Conclusions: The neuropsychological performance in all cognitive deficit in study areas with different levels of representation according to cognitive function, and with a high degree of cognitive variability, especially in childhood.peerReviewe

Mechanism of Supercooled Water Droplet Breakup near the Leading Edge of an Airfoil

This work presents the results of an experimental study on supercooled droplet deformation and breakup near the leading edge of an airfoil. The results are compared to prior room temperature droplet deformation results to explore the effects of droplet supercooling. The experiments were conducted in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand (AERTS) at The Pennsylvania State University. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotor blades mounted onto the hub in the AERTS chamber was moved at speeds ranging between 50 and 80 m/sec. The temperature of the chamber was set at -20C. A monotonic droplet generator was used to produce droplets that fell from above, perpendicular to the path of the airfoil. The supercooled state of the droplets was determined by measurement of the temperature of the drops at various locations below the droplet generator exit. A temperature prediction code was also used to estimate the temperature of the droplets based on vertical velocity and the distance traveled by droplets from the droplet generator to the airfoil stagnation line. High speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. The high speed imaging provided droplet deformation information as the droplet approached the airfoil near the stagnation line. A tracking software program was used to measure the horizontal and vertical displacement of the droplet against time. It was demonstrated that to compare the effects of water supercooling on droplet deformation, the ratio of the slip velocity and the initial droplet velocity must be equal. A case with equal slip velocity to initial velocity ratios was selected for room temperature and supercooled droplet conditions. The airfoil velocity was 60 m/s and the slip velocity for both sets of data was 40 m/s. In these cases, the deformation of the weakly supercooled and warm droplets did not present different trends. The similar behavior for both environmental conditions indicates that water supercooling has no effect on particle deformation for the limited range of the weak supercooling of the droplets tested and the selected impact velocity. The assumption of a constant surface tension value was further supported by the equal trend of the Bond number obtained for supercooled and room temperature droplets

Instituciones locales y proceso de urbanización en Tultepec

Proyecto Terminal (Licenciatura en Sociología) - Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Departamento de Sociología, Área de Sociología Urbana, 1992. 1 archivo PDF (109 páginas)Se desarrolla un análisis sobre el impacto que el proceso de urbanización del Área Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México ha tenido en las instituciones locales de Tultepec Estado de México. En el primer capítulo se hace una revisión histórica sobre el origen del poblado, desde los primeros grupos étnicos prehispánicos que se asentaron en él, la influencia que tuvo en Tultepec la llegada de los españoles y los procesos urbanos actuales, con el fin de entender más a fondo a la institución y a las prácticas tradicionales que surgieron en la época colonial y que en la actualidad se siguen conservando. En el capítulo se analizan las características principales de la institución local tradicional: La Mayordomía, su significado, su forma de organización, sus funciones y la forma como se articula con las prácticas económicas y artísticas: la pirotecnia y la música. Por otro lado, se analiza la moderna institución local que surge a partir del proceso de urbanización y los Consejos de Colaboración. En el capítulo tres se analizan las transformaciones y permanencias en el orden de las relaciones sociales de la institución tradicional y su relación actual con el orden de las relaciones sociales de la institución moderna para la urbanización, los grados de interpenetración y combinación mutua y la importancia de la urbanización en esta relación. UAMADCSHD

Unibertsitate Sistemak euskal gizartearen eraldaketari egindako ekarpena

125 p.Descargas previas 10 Lan honek aztertu du zein ekarpen egin dion gizarteari, azken hamarkadetan, Euskal Unibertsitate Sistemak maila ekonomikoan, politikoan, kulturalean, sozialean eta beste maila batzuetan. Horretarako, analisi kualitatiboaren aldeko apustua eginda, Euskal Unibertsitate Sistema ikusteko hiru modu identifikatu eta aztertu dira: alde batetik, ikuspegi akademiko-insituzionala, zeinak, neurri handi batean –baina ez soilik–, unibertsitatearen instituziotik ikusten baitu aztergaia; beste alde batetik, ikuspuntu tekniko-ekonomikoa, zeinak unibertsitateari begiratzen baitio produkzio sistematik; azkenik, ikuspuntu kritikoa, gizartearekiko jarrera eraldatzaile batetik unibertsitatearen egitekoak planteatzen dituena

The tumor suppressor ING1 contributes to epigenetic control of cellular senescence

Cellular senescence is an effective tumor-suppressive mechanism that causes a stable proliferative arrest in cells with potentially oncogenic alterations. Here, we have investigated the role of the p33ING1 tumor suppressor in the regulation of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts. We show that p33ING1 triggers a senescent phenotype in a p53-dependent fashion. Also, endogenous p33ING1 protein accumulates in chromatin in oncogene- senescent fibroblasts and its silencing by RNA interference impairs senescence triggered by oncogenes. Notably, the ability to induce senescence is lost in a mutant version of p33ING1 present in human tumors. Using specific point mutants, we further show that recognition of the chromatin mark H3K4me3 is essential for induction of senescence by p33ING1. Finally, we demonstrate that ING1-induced senescence is associated to a specific genetic signature with a strong representation of chemokine and cytokine signaling factors, which significantly overlaps with that of oncogene-induced senescence. In summary, our results identify ING1 as a critical epigenetic regulator of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts and highlight its role in control of gene expression in the context of this tumor-protective response. Key words: cellular senescence; chromatin; ING1; p53; histone marks.This work is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to IP (BFU2006-10882, SAF2009-09031) and FJB (CTQ2008-03115 ⁄ BQU)

Relevance of bacterial secretion systems Type III and Type VI in the Bradyrhizobium-Lupinus simbiosis

One of the most studied models in plant-microbe interaction is the symbiosis Rhizobium-legume. This symbiosis is highly specific and depends on several molecular signals produced by both partners. Some of these signals are bacterial proteins named effectors that are translocated into the plant cells by secretion systems similar to contractile nanomachines (injectisomes). The injectosomes puncture and deliver the effectors into the target cell. The two main injectiosomes are the secretion system type III (T3SS) and the secretion system type VI (T6SS). The genome of many rhizobia encodes T3SS and/or T6SS but their role in symbiosis is mostly unknown. The aim of this work is to study the symbiotic relevance of T3SS and T6SS of Bradyrhizobia that nodulate lupins that thrive in alkaline (Lupinus mariae-josephae) and acid soils (L. angustifolius) in the Iberian Peninsul

La aportación del sistema universitario a la transformación de la sociedad vasca

127 p.Este trabajo evalúa, de forma cualitativa, la aportación que ha hecho el Sistema Universitario Vasco durante las últimas décadas a las trascendentes transformaciones acaecidas en la sociedad vasca a nivel económico, político, cultural, social y otros. Para ello, ha identificado y analizado tres maneras de ver el Sistema Universitario Vasco: bajo el punto de vista académico-institucional, que mira el panorama principalmente –pero no exclusivamente– desde la propia universidad; a través del discurso técnico-económico, que observa la universidad desde la perspectiva del sistema productivo; y, finalmente mediante el discurso crítico, que plantea lo que las universidades deben aportar a la sociedad en términos de transformación social