Two Forms of Responsibility – Organizational and Societal

My aim in this article is twofold. First, I will illuminate the triangular conceptual connections between responsibility, authority, and power as they are exposed in the organizational realm; second, I will show how the three concepts are distinct. Relying on the work of Peter Strawson and his followers on responsibility for my point of departure, I will show that the connection between the inner corporational authority and its inner matching responsibility is different from the connection between the outer corporational forces and influences and the CSR that they develop in reaction to these. This will expose another important distinction between two kinds of responsibility: the organizational kind, as instantiated in organizations, and the social kind, which constitutes the outer aspect of the CSR. Though many thinkers address different kinds of responsibility, a comparative perspective of these different concepts is missing. I attempt to bring three of these separate discourses together to examine them alongside one another, evaluating them in the light of their differences and similarities. This will expose a new typology of ‘responsibility’ that penetrates and illuminates the relations between corporations and society and as such enhance our understanding of organizational responsibility

Fredholm realizations of elliptic symbols on manifolds with boundary II: fibered boundary

We consider two calculi of pseudodifferential operators on manifolds with fibered boundary: Mazzeo's edge calculus, which has as local model the operators associated to products of closed manifolds with asymptotically hyperbolic spaces, and the phi calculus of Mazzeo and the second author, which is similarly modeled on products of closed manifolds with asymptotically Euclidean spaces. We construct an adiabatic calculus of operators interpolating between them, and use this to compute the `smooth' K-theory groups of the edge calculus, determine the existence of Fredholm quantizations of elliptic symbols, and establish a families index theorem in K-theory

A technique for measuring vertically and horizontally polarized microwave brightness temperatures using electronic polarization-basis rotation

This technique for electronically rotating the polarization basis of an orthogonal-linear polarization radiometer is based on the measurement of the first three feedhorn Stokes parameters, along with the subsequent transformation of this measured Stokes vector into a rotated coordinate frame. The technique requires an accurate measurement of the cross-correlation between the two orthogonal feedhorn modes, for which an innovative polarized calibration load was developed. The experimental portion of this investigation consisted of a proof of concept demonstration of the technique of electronic polarization basis rotation (EPBR) using a ground based 90-GHz dual orthogonal-linear polarization radiometer. Practical calibration algorithms for ground-, aircraft-, and space-based instruments were identified and tested. The theoretical effort consisted of radiative transfer modeling using the planar-stratified numerical model described in Gasiewski and Staelin (1990)

The scenario-based generalization of radiation therapy margins

We give a scenario-based treatment plan optimization formulation that is equivalent to planning with geometric margins if the scenario doses are calculated using the static dose cloud approximation. If the scenario doses are instead calculated more accurately, then our formulation provides a novel robust planning method that overcomes many of the difficulties associated with previous scenario-based robust planning methods. In particular, our method protects only against uncertainties that can occur in practice, it gives a sharp dose fall-off outside high dose regions, and it avoids underdosage of the target in ``easy'' scenarios. The method shares the benefits of the previous scenario-based robust planning methods over geometric margins for applications where the static dose cloud approximation is inaccurate, such as irradiation with few fields and irradiation with ion beams. These properties are demonstrated on a suite of phantom cases planned for treatment with scanned proton beams subject to systematic setup uncertainty

Oppression as a Statutory Ground for Corporate Dissolution

  In the case of a severe accident in a nuclear power plant the reactor may heat up, melt and mix with fuel material to form a substance called corium. In today's nuclear power plants the primary strategy to cool the corium in the event of a severe accident is to flood the ex-vessel cavity with water. The reactions which occur when the liquid metal comes in contact with the water, known as fuel coolant interaction (FCI), can be violent and in the worst case scenario lead to containment failure. In the MISTEE laboratory at KTH, small scale FCI experiments are conducted. This thesis explores how dierent temperatures of liquid tin and water aects the presence of steam explosion. Higher melt superheat and lower water temperature was found to increase the likelihood of steam explosions. Furthermore, a phenomenon was observed, hereby referred to as immediate steam explosion, where the melt exploded immediately upon contact with water. All previous research found states that steam explosion only occurs in the later stages of FCI, thus the results are contradictory. The thesis also includes research on jet breakup in the initial phase of FCI and how it is affected by melt velocity, diameter and temperature as well as water temperature. The experiments performed did not yield data which could be analyzed so no conclusions could be drawn.Om en allvarlig olycka inträffar på ett kärnkraftverk kan reaktorn värmas upp, smälta och bilda en smälta som innehåller bränsleämnen. I dagens kärnkraftverk är den primära strategin för att kyla reaktormaterialet vid en eventuell allvarlig olycka att fylla utrymmet utanför reaktorn med vatten. De reaktioner som uppstår när den smälta metallen kommer i kontakt med vattnet (FCI) kan vara mycket våldsamma och i värsta fall leda till skador på skyddsväggarna. Vid MISTEE på KTH forskar man på reaktionerna i liten skala för att få en ökad förståelse för processerna i FCI. Denna avhandling undersöker sambandet mellan temperaturen på smältan och vattnet och förekomsten av steam explosion. Högre smält temperatur och lägre vattentemperatur visade sig öka sannolikheten för steam explosions. Vidare, ett fenomen observerades, som kommer att refereras till som omedelbar steam explosion, där smältan exploderade direkt vid kontakt med vattnet. All tidigare forskning som hittades pekar på att steam explosions endast sker i senare skeden av FCI. Avhandlingen inkluderar även forskning på uppbrytning av en metall stråle i den initiala fasen av FCI och hur den påverkas av strålens hastighet, diameter och temperatur samt vattnets temperatur. De utförda experimenten resulterade inte i data som kunde analyseras och inga slutsatser kunde dras