Bash Cookbook

The key to mastering any Unix system, especially Linux and Mac OS X, is a thorough knowledge of shell scripting. Scripting is a way to harness and customize the power of any Unix system, and it's an essential skill for any Unix users, including system administrators and professional OS X developers. But beneath this simple promise lies a treacherous ocean of variations in Unix commands and standards.bash Cookbook teaches shell scripting the way Unix masters practice the craft. It presents a variety of recipes and tricks for all levels of shell programmers so that anyone can become a proficien

Klassiska och sannolikhetsbaserade metoder för släntstabilitetsanalys

Validerat; 20101217 (root

Musiklärares syn på elevinflytande : en komparativ studie mellan Sverige och Nya Zeeland

Åsikter om elevers inflytande inom den svenska skolan har sedan 1920-talet förändrats och formulerats olika i skolutredningar och läroplaner. I dagens rådande läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lpo 94) har jag funnit flera mål och riktlinjer där elevinflytande innefattas. Under min praktik som lärarstuderande i ämnet musik har jag tyckt mig kunna se ett ökande engagemang hos elever som själv fått välja låtar till ensemblespel. Denna iakttagelse formade ett syfte till att undersöka och få större förståelse för musiklärares syn på elevinflytande och hur de menar inflytandet påverkar deras undervisningspraktik. Ett annat syfte till detta arbete blev att i en jämförande studie försöka se eventuella skillnader mellan Sverige och Nya Zeeland. Mina frågeställningar är; vad anser lärarna om elevinflytande i sin planering?, Hur menar de att det påverkar deras undervisningspraktik?, Hur har de tolkat sitt lands läroplan när det gäller elevinflytande? Jag har studerat vad tidigare forskning, undersökningar och projekt säger om synen på elevinflytande. Jag har också intervjuat fyra musiklärare, två från Sverige och två från Nya Zeeland och då använt mig av en kvalitativ intervjuform. Jag har även gjort observationer på min praktikskola på Nya Zeeland. Resultaten från min undersökning visade enligt min tolkning att elevinflytande har en större plats i den svenska undervisningen i jämförelse med Nya Zeelands. Detta konstaterade jag utifrån intervjuer, observationer och innehållet i ländernas läroplaner. Elevinflytandet visade sig mest i elevernas möjlighet att välja ensemblelåtar. En slutsats blev därför vikten för lärare att se andra möjliga områden för elevers inflytande

Process capability analysis with focus on indices for one-sided specification limits

In this thesis some aspects of process capability analysis are considered. Process capability analysis deals with how to assess the capability of manufacturing processes. Based on the process capability analysis one can determine how the process performs relative to its product requirements or specifications. An important part within process capability analysis is the use of process capability indices. This thesis focuses on process capability indices in the situation when the specification limits are one- sided. The thesis consists of a summary and three papers, of which one is already published in an international journal. The summary gives a background to the research area, a short overview of the three papers, and some suggestions for future research. In Paper I, the frequency and use of process capability analysis together with statistical process control and design of experiments, within Swedish companies hiring alumni students are investigated. We also investigate what motivates organisations to implement or not implement these statistical methods, if there are differences in use that can be related to organisational types and what will be needed to increase the use. One conclusion drawn from the results is that the students employed in the Swedish industrial sector witness a modest use of these statistical methods and use in other sectors hiring the alumni is uncommon. In Paper II we present a graphical method useful when doing capability analysis having one-sided specification limits. This is an extension of the process capability plots previously developed for two-sided specification intervals. Under the assumption of normality we suggest estimated process capability plots to be used to assess process capability at a given significance level. The presented graphical approach is helpful to determine if it is the variability, the deviation from target, or both that need to be reduced to improve the capability. In Paper III the situation with non-negative process data having a skew distribution with a long tail towards large values are considered, when an upper specification limit only exists and the target value is 0. No proper indices exist for this specific situation, which is common in practice. We contribute to this area by proposing a new class of indices designed for skew, zero-bound distributions when an upper specification only exists and the target value is 0. This new class of indices is simple and possesses properties desirable for process capability indices. Two estimators of the proposed index are studied and the asymptotic distributions of these estimators are derived. Furthermore, we consider decision procedures, based on the estimated indices, suitable for deeming the process capability or not.Godkänd; 2006; 20061201 (haneit)</p

Från olja till halm

Fallet som beskrivs i studien handlar om en privatperson, tillika lantbrukare, som använder restprodukten halm och utnyttjar den som bränsle. Han anslöt några av sina grannar för att finansiera sitt system och skapar därför ett närvärmeverk. Avsikten med halmpanna var inte i förstahand att skapa ett närvärmeverk, utan att själv utnyttja sin halm som bränsle. Lantbrukaren anslöt externa användare på grund av faktorn att han annars inte fått pannan att bli lönsam. För mig, som miljövetare, var att undersöka vilka drivkrafter som fanns då ett värmesystem ska skapas hos den privata personen, en intressant studie. Eftersom människor handlar olika i olika situationer och har olika kunskap i bakgrunden, kunde ett verkligt fall ge mig information om vad som förekommer i praktiken. Undersökningar blir ofta inte i teorin som de blir i praktiken, därför var det viktigt för mig att titta på ett fullbordat fall. Genom intervjuer med lantbrukaren och med boende i byn där pannan finns, fick jag mycket information om känslor, val och misstag. Studien presenterar dessutom alternativa vägar till ett upprättande av ett liknande gemensamt värmesystem i andra byar. Uppsatsen kommer att baseras på en kvalitativ intervjumetod, en intervju med initiativtagaren till byggnationen av pannan och värmesystemet. För att få en bredare bild av känslorna kring halmpannan, intervjuades även några av de närboende hushållen. Studien baseras också på ständiga kontakter med miljöförvaltningen och statsbyggnadskontoret i den aktuella kommunen.The case that is described is about a private farmer that has the rest product, straw, and uses it as fuel. He connected some of his neighbours to the system to finance his system and therefore created a close by heating plant. The intention with the straw pan was not in the first place to create a heating plant, but to be able to use his straw as fuel. The farmer connected external users because of the fact that the pan would not be profitable otherwise. For me, as an environmental student, to investigate which motives there are when a heating plant is about to be created by a private person is an interesting study. Because people act different in different situations and have different background knowledge, a study from the reality could give me information about what happens practically. The investigations are often not in theory as they are in practice. Therefore it was important for me to study a complete case. Through interviews with the farmer and with people living in the village, where the pan is, I got a lot of information about feelings, choices and mistakes. The study also presents alternative ways for the establishment of a similar common heating plant in other villages. This paper will be based on a qualitative interview method, an interview with the initiator to the building of the pan and the heating system. To get a broader picture about the emotions towards the straw pan, some of the locals were interviewed. The study is also based on continuous contacts with the authorities in the current community

Contributions to process capability indices and plots

This thesis presents contributions within the field of process capability analysis. Process capability analysis deals with how to assess the capability of processes. Based on process capability analysis one can determine how the process performs relative to its product requirements or specifications. An important part within process capability analysis is the use of process capability indices. This thesis focuses on process capability indices and process capability plots. The thesis consists of six papers and a summary. The summary gives a background to the research area, a short overview of the six papers, and some suggestions for future research. The thesis summary also consists of some new results, not presented in any of the appended papers. In paper I, the frequency and use of process capability analysis, together with statistical process control and design of experiments, within Swedish companies hiring alumni students are investigated. We also investigate what motivates organisations to implement or not implement these statistical methods, and what is needed to increase the use. In papers II-III we generalize the ideas with process capability plots and propose two graphical methods, for deeming a process capable at a given significance level, when the studied quality characteristic is assumed to be normally distributed. In paper II we derive estimated process capability plots for the case when the specification interval is one-sided. In paper III we derive elliptical safety region plots for the process capability index Cpk and its one-sided correspondences. The proposed graphical methods are helpful to determine if it is the variability, the deviation from target, or both that need to be reduced to improve the capability. In papers IV-VI we propose a new class of process capability indices designed for the situation with an upper specification limit, a target value zero, and where the studied quality characteristic has a skewed, zero- bound distribution with a long tail towards large values. The proposed class of indices is simple and possesses properties desirable for process capability indices. The results in papers IV-VI are also valid for the situation with a target value, not equal to zero but equal to a natural lower limit of the quality characteristic. Three estimators of the proposed class of indices are studied and the asymptotic distributions of these estimators are derived. We also consider decision procedures, based on the estimated indices, suitable for deeming the process capability at a given significance level. The new results in the summary combines the ideas from paper II with the results in papers IV-VI and a graphical method for the class of indices proposed in IV-VI are derived.Godkänd; 2008; 20081117 (ysko)</p

Process capability analysis with focus on indices for one-sided specification limits [Elektronisk resurs]

In this thesis some aspects of process capability analysis are considered. Process capability analysis deals with how to assess the capability of manufacturing processes. Based on the process capability analysis one can determine how the process performs relative to its product requirements or specifications. An important part within process capability analysis is the use of process capability indices. This thesis focuses on process capability indices in the situation when the specification limits are one- sided. The thesis consists of a summary and three papers, of which one is already published in an international journal. The summary gives a background to the research area, a short overview of the three papers, and some suggestions for future research. In Paper I, the frequency and use of process capability analysis together with statistical process control and design of experiments, within Swedish companies hiring alumni students are investigated. We also investigate what motivates organisations to implement or not implement these statistical methods, if there are differences in use that can be related to organisational types and what will be needed to increase the use. One conclusion drawn from the results is that the students employed in the Swedish industrial sector witness a modest use of these statistical methods and use in other sectors hiring the alumni is uncommon. In Paper II we present a graphical method useful when doing capability analysis having one-sided specification limits. This is an extension of the process capability plots previously developed for two-sided specification intervals. Under the assumption of normality we suggest estimated process capability plots to be used to assess process capability at a given significance level. The presented graphical approach is helpful to determine if it is the variability, the deviation from target, or both that need to be reduced to improve the capability. In Paper III the situation with non-negative process data having a skew distribution with a long tail towards large values are considered, when an upper specification limit only exists and the target value is 0. No proper indices exist for this specific situation, which is common in practice. We contribute to this area by proposing a new class of indices designed for skew, zero-bound distributions when an upper specification only exists and the target value is 0. This new class of indices is simple and possesses properties desirable for process capability indices. Two estimators of the proposed index are studied and the asymptotic distributions of these estimators are derived. Furthermore, we consider decision procedures, based on the estimated indices, suitable for deeming the process capability or not.</p