Vocational teacher education: a systems approach

The recruitment and retention of vocational teachers is a serious problem which can be alleviated by using a systems approach to vocational teacher education

Finished sequence and assembly of the DUF1220-rich 1q21 region using a haploid human genome

BackgroundAlthough the reference human genome sequence was declared finished in 2003, some regions of the genome remain incomplete due to their complex architecture. One such region, 1q21.1-q21.2, is of increasing interest due to its relevance to human disease and evolution. Elucidation of the exact variants behind these associations has been hampered by the repetitive nature of the region and its incomplete assembly. This region also contains 238 of the 270 human DUF1220 protein domains, which are implicated in human brain evolution and neurodevelopment. Additionally, examinations of this protein domain have been challenging due to the incomplete 1q21 build. To address these problems, a single-haplotype hydatidiform mole BAC library (CHORI-17) was used to produce the first complete sequence of the 1q21.1-q21.2 region.ResultsWe found and addressed several inaccuracies in the GRCh37sequence of the 1q21 region on large and small scales, including genomic rearrangements and inversions, and incorrect gene copy number estimates and assemblies. The DUF1220-encoding NBPF genes required the most corrections, with 3 genes removed, 2 genes reassigned to the 1p11.2 region, 8 genes requiring assembly corrections for DUF1220 domains (~91 DUF1220 domains were misassigned), and multiple instances of nucleotide changes that reassigned the domain to a different DUF1220 subtype. These corrections resulted in an overall increase in DUF1220 copy number, yielding a haploid total of 289 copies. Approximately 20 of these new DUF1220 copies were the result of a segmental duplication from 1q21.2 to 1p11.2 that included two NBPF genes. Interestingly, this duplication may have been the catalyst for the evolutionarily important human lineage-specific chromosome 1 pericentric inversion.ConclusionsThrough the hydatidiform mole genome sequencing effort, the 1q21.1-q21.2 region is complete and misassemblies involving inter- and intra-region duplications have been resolved. The availability of this single haploid sequence path will aid in the investigation of many genetic diseases linked to 1q21, including several associated with DUF1220 copy number variations. Finally, the corrected sequence identified a recent segmental duplication that added 20 additional DUF1220 copies to the human genome, and may have facilitated the chromosome 1 pericentric inversion that is among the most notable human-specific genomic landmarks

REFLEX RESPONSES TO LOCAL SOLEUS MUSCLE VIBRATION

The aims of the present work was i. to investigate the acute effects of prolonged vibratory stimulation on short-latency stretch reflexes (SLR) of soleus muscle, ii. to assess effects of vibration on parameters of the H-reflex and M-wave stimulus-response curves. There were no changes in the EMG of SLR. During vibration H-reflex amplitudes decreased but H-reflex threshold current increased. None of the H-reflex parameters showed timedependent changes. In contrast, maximum M-wave magnitude (MMAX) decreased after 30min of sustained vibration. The analysis suggests differential effects of presynaptic inhibition on ��-motoneurons. The vibration parameters have no effect on excitability of afferent and efferent fibers. The depression of the MMAX after vibratory stimulation may be related to neuromuscular transmission failure and/or reduced sarcolemmal excitability

Beyond Authorization: Toward Abolitionist Transliteracies Ecologies and an Anti-Racist Translingual Pedagogy

This project explores the recent paradigm shift within Writing Studies toward a translingual pedagogical approach, situating many of the critiques of this approach as limitations produced by dominant liberal models of Writing Studies pedagogy. Taking up Vershawn Ashanti Young and Frankie Condon’s call to move toward a more anti-racist translingual approach, I argue for why dominant anti-racist Writing Studies pedagogies, which commonly revolve around reforming individual behaviors, attitudes, dispositions, or practices, will inadequately address institutionally-produced structures of racialized linguistic marginalization. Drawing inspiration from a variety of Lefist abolitionist movements—particularly the movement toward Prison Industrial Complex (PIC) abolition, the movement toward the abolition of involvement with the carceral state within the field of K-12 education, and student-led activism leading to the passage of the City University of New York’s Open Admissions policy—I argue for how an anti-racist translingual approach may attend to the wider language ecologies that shape language reception practices and that challenge the dominant order of racial capitalism beyond the first-year writing classroom and program

EVALUATION OF PASSIVELY INDUCED SHOULDER STRETCH REFLEX USING AN ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETER IN MEN

The purpose of the current study was to determine shoulder internal rotator muscles\u27 reflex latencies (SLR) under variable conditions in 20 healthy, specifically trained male participants. Sets of different external shoulder rotation stretches were applied via an isokinetic dynamometer. SLR latencies were determined from sEMG readings as the time from external shoulder rotation stretches application to onset of muscle activity. The amount of muscular response to the perturbation was evaluated via a peak-to-peak analysis. SLR latencies and amplitudes of the pectoral muscle and the anterior deltoid were affected by the investigated muscle and the level of pre-innervation torque. Our results indicated faster muscular stretch response than reported in previous studies which can be attributed to training induced adaptions of the shoulder muscles and capsule

Mythos und Zeit in Thomas Manns "Joseph in Ägypten"

"Es ist wohl eine Regel, daß in gewissen Jahren der Geschmack an allem bloß Individuellen und Besonderen, dem Einzelfall, dem 'Bürgerlichen' im weitesten Sinne des Wortes allmählich abhanden kommt. In den Vordergrund tritt: Das Typische, Immer-Menschliche, Immer- Wiederkehrende, Zeitlose, kurz: das Mythische." Mit diesen Worten umreißt Thomas Mann im Jahre 1942 in seinem Vortrag Joseph und seine Brüder einige Beweggründe für seine fast sechzehnjährige Arbeit an dem "abseitigen, fernliegenden Stoff [...] der biblischen Legende", die er zu einem vierbändigen Romanwerk ausarbeitete. Ein wenig seltsam mutet es hier an, wenn man Thomas Mann, den bürgerlichen Romanautor, der stets darauf bedacht war, eben gerade das ganz Besondere, den nicht alltäglichen Menschen, den Einzelgänger und Außenseiter seinen Lesern vor Augen zu führen, vom "bloß" Individuellen reden hört; ganz so, als seien seine früheren Werke – cum grano salis – lediglich Geburtswehen eines weit größeren Unterfangens gewesen, welches nun endlich im Stande sei, zum Kern vorzudringen, um die nötigen aber überständigen Randerscheinungen hinter sich zu lassen. Thomas Mann führt den Leser sicherlich etwas in die Irre, wenn er hier behauptet, das Interesse am Individuum sei ihm in gewissen – und dies meint späteren – Jahren abhanden gekommen. Der Protagonist seiner Tetralogie, Joseph, scheint doch gerade ein ganz außergewöhnlicher Mensch zu sein, der, mit einigen, später zu erörternden Besonderheiten, eben genau das Individuum par excellence darstellt. Oder verhält es sich in Josephs ganz spezifischem Fall noch etwas komplizierter und seine Besonderheit und das Typische schließen sich gar nicht gänzlich aus