Prognostic Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Patients with Melanoma Treated with Pembrolizumab

Introduction: Elevated LDH levels have been extensively reported as a biomarker of poorer outcome in patients with melanoma during the chemotherapeutic era. The role of LDH level as a prognostic factor for treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immunooncological therapy has also been reported but requires further analysis. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among patients with metastatic and unresectable melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in terms of pro- gression-free survival (PFS). Methods: The study included 59 patients with unresectable and met- astatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. A comparison was performed between patients with normal and elevated levels of LDH in terms of PFS, with subgroup analysis. Results: There was a significant reduction in PFS among patients with elevated levels of LDH compared with patients with normal levels of LDH (NR vs. 5 months; P=0.02). Patients with elevated LDH levels were older (P=0.01), with liver metastasis (P=0.004), and with less frequent CNS deposits (P=0.028). Conclusion: Although novel agents improved outcomes in patients with melanoma, high levels of LDH persist as an independent prog- nostic biomarker of poor prognosis

Potrošnja energije u objektima zaštićenog prostora različite konstrukcije

In this paper different greenhouse structures were analyzed regarding energy consumption and energy productivity in winter lettuce production. Greenhouse production is still among most energy consuming branches in agriculture with very high investments and annually costs. This is the reason why plastic covering are introduced as mean of making this kind of plant production more efficient. Also, as a mean of lowering energy consumption, tunnel structures are proposed. Three different double plastic covered greenhouses were used for energy analysis. Two tunnel types, 9x 58m and 8 x 25m covered with double 180μm PE UV IR folia, and one gutter connected plastic covered greenhouse 7 x 39m. Inner folia was 50μm and outside folia was 180μm. Results show lowest energy consumption for gutter connected greenhouse. Energy out/in ration was also higher in gutter connected greenhouse. Highest energy consumptions was obtained in tunnel 8 x 25m.Obzirom da je proizvodnja u zaštićenom prostoru grana poljoprivrede sa najvećom potrošnjom energije i najvišim godišnjim troškovima, proizvođačima se na tržištu nude različiti oblici konstrukcije, pre svega konstrukcije tunel tipa u varijantama sa jednostrukom i dvostrukom folijom, kao ekonomski i energetski najefikasniji. U radu su analizirani, sa aspekta potrošnje energije, najčešće korišćeni oblici konstrukcije objekata zaštićenog prostora na teritoriji Srbije. Dva objekta tunel tipa, 9 x 58 m i 8 x 25 m pokriveni dvostrukom 180μm PE UV IR folijom, i blok objekat sa dva broda 14 x 39 m pokriven dvostrukom folijom (unutrašnja 50μm, spoljašnja 180μm). Rezultati pokazuju da je najniža specifična potrošnja energije ostvarena u blok objektu. Stepen iskorišćenja energije je takođe bio viši kod blok objekta. Najviša specifična potrošnja energije ostvarena je u objektu tunel tipa 8 x 25 m

Metode integralne zaštite bilja u objektima zaštićenog prostora

Highly intensive greenhouse production can't be imagined without peramnent control and surveliance of production conditions and plant health. Concerning regulations limitating the presence of pesticide and minimizing the impact of overall program on the environment, most producers are accepting integrated pest management (IPM) as a concept of plant protection. Main parts of this concept are prevention, surveillance and control. Covering materials and insect screens, UV lamps and sticky traps are proposed as a method for insect exclusion from greenhouses. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities and effects of using UV absorbing materials. Criteria for insect screen selection are also presented together with possibilities of UV lamp usage in eliminating insects from greenhouses. The influence of applying IPM concept on energy consumption and chemicals savings in production processes is given.Visoko intenzivna biljna proizvodnja u zaštićenom prostoru podrazumeva stalnu kontrolu i praćenje proizvodnih uslova i zdravstvenog stanja useva. Obzirom na sve strožije regulative o primeni hemijskih zaštitnih sredstava, zatim na otpornost insekata na određene pesticide, na sve strožije kriterijume potrošača u smislu zdravstveno bezbedne hrane, poljoprivredni proizvođači se, sve češće, opredeljuju za koncept integralne zaštite bilja. U osnovi ovog koncepta, u objektima zaštićenog prostora, su prevencija, praćenje i kontrola. Kao mogući načini prevencije primenljivi su pokrivni materijali i mreže protiv insekata, i, kao metode mehaničkog odstranjenja insekata iz objekata, lepljive trake različitih boja i UV lampe. Cilj ovog rada je da prikaže mogućnosti i efekte korišćenja UV apsorbujućih pokrivnih materijala, zatim da analizira kriterijume izbora mreža protiv insekata i mogućnost primene specijalnih UV apsorbujućih lampi u smanjenju broja insekata u objektu a samim tim i uticaj navedenih tehnologija na potrošnju hemijskih zaštitnih sredstava i energetski bilnas biljne proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru

Energetska efikasnost proizvodnje paradajza na otvorenom i u objektima zaštićenog prostora različite konstrukcije

The aim of this paper is to analyze energy patterns in open and greenhouse tomato production, since tomato is very important vegetable in human nutrition with tendency to be used whole year. The greenhouses used were one tunnel structure, covered with double PE folia, 5 x 20 m and one gutter-connected double PE covered structure 21m wide and 250m long. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that lower specific energy per production surface can be expected in conditions of the open filed and that, regarding the greenhouses lower value for energy consumption can be expected in case of multi-span greenhouses.Obzirom na intenzivnost korišćenja paradajza u ljutskoj ishrani, za proizvođače je od izuzetnog značaja energetska, ekonomska i ekološka efikasnost proizvodnje. Obzirom da se paradajz gaji kako na otvorenom tako i u objektima zaštićenog prostora cilj istraživanja je bio analiza proizvodnje na otvorenom polju i u objektima zaštićenog prostora tunel i blok tipa sa aspekta potrošnje energije i energetske efikasnosti. Objekat tunel tipa dimenzija je 5 x 20 m i pokriven je dvostrukom 180μm PE UV IR folijom. Blok objekat je sa dva broda, dimenzija 21 x 250 m pokriven dvostrukom PE UV IR folijom. Rezultati ukazuju da se niža potrošnja energije po jedinici površine može očekivati na otvorenom, a da se, kada su objekti zaštićenog prostora u pitanju niža potrošnja energije može očekivati kod objekata veće specifične zapremine tj. objekata blok tipa

Uticaj pokrivnog materijala na potrošnju energije u objektima zaštićenog prostora tunel tipa

Greenhouse production in Serbia region is, in most cases, carried out in tunnel structures covered with single or double PE folia. Reason for this is greenhouse coverings and structures market which is pretty much uniform with tunnel structures offers to the growers. Growers enter this sophisticated plant production system with lack of information about energy efficiency as well as economical aspect of purchasing specific structure. Main problem with greenhouse production comes with winter production, when heating is needed. In this period coverings and structures show their quality. Aim of this paper is analysis of lettuce winter greenhouse production in tunnel structures using direct/indirect energy input analysis. Result show that tunnel structures covered with single PE folia and with smaller specific volume per meter of length.Proizvodnja u zaštićenom prostoru se, u Srbiji, dominantno odvija u objektima tunel tipa pokrivenim jednostrukom ili dvostrukom folijom. Razlog tome je samo tržište pokrivnih materijala i konstrukcije koje nudi gotova tehnička rešenja poluvisokih i visokih tunela, sada već ustaljenih dimenzija. Proizvođači ulaze u ovaj sistem sofisticirane biljne proizvodnje sa nedovoljno informacija o energetskoj efikasnosti a samim tim i ekonomskoj opravdanosti ulaganja u određeni tip objekta. Najveći problem kod proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru je proizvodnja izvan sezone tj. u zimskom periodu. Tada karakteristike materijala i konstrukcije pokazuju sve svoje prednosti i nedostatke. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje energetske efikasnosti proizvodnje zelene salate u zaštićenom prostoru preko energetskih inputa varijanti tehnološko–tehničkih proizvodnih sistema za objekte tunel tipa pokrivene jednostrukom i dvostrukom folijom. Rezultati ukazuju da najvišu specifičnu potrošnju energije imaju objekti tunel tipa pokriveni jednostrukom folijom sa najmanjom proizvodnom površinom a da viši stepen iskorišćenja energije imaju tuneli veće specifične zapremine po jedinici dužine, pokriveni dvostrukom folijom

Kinetic Study of Oxidation Degradation of Polyphenols in Sour Cherry and Blackberry Extracts During Storage

In this study was to investigate the influence of storage time, light and temperature on stability of polyphenols in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), were harvested in western Serbia (Rasinski region). Total phenol content was monitored in the fruit extracts during 23 days stored at 7°C under darkness and 90 days storage at 23°C in oxygen. For analyzed extracts, first-order reaction kinetics was established for the degradation process of polyphenols. The temperature dependence of the polyphenols degradation rate constants was expressed by the temperature coefficients Q10 of the process. It is found that the Q10 values of polyphenols degradation in sour cherry and blackberry extracts were 1.247 and 3.239, respectively

Klimatski uslovi u objektima zaštićenog prostora i mogućnosti njihove kontrole

Successful greenhouse production is defined by four main factors – temperature, light, water content of the air and soil, and quality of air inside the objects. The greates influence of all these factors and highest variations during production processes has temperature. Plants demands are various and they dictate the time of seeding or planting and the type of construction that is most suitable for the production. Temperatures inside the objects define plant growth intensitz, fruit quality and time picking. These are the reasons why good control of temperature is needed. In this paper climatic conditions in greenhouses are analysed and possibilities of their good control are given. Vertical and horizontal temperature distribution are shown for double plastic covered tunel during tomato production. Established values, that show temperature and air relative humidity variation in greenhouse, can be used for heating system design and installation. Influnce of air quality on time of picking and production quality is also shown.Faktori uspešnosti biljne proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru su temperatura, svetlost, vlažnost vazduha i zemljišta i sastav i kvalitet vazduha. Najveći uticaj na biljke, a istovremeno i najveće variranje tokom ciklusa proizvodnje, ima temperatura. Zahtevi pojedinih biljaka za toplotom uslovljavaju vreme njihove setve/sadnje i tip objekta u kome je moguće njihovo gajenje. Svakako da biljke sa manjim potrebama za toplotom mogu da uspevaju u svim tipovima zaštićenog prostora, dok toploljubive zahtevaju gajenje u objektima sa dopunskim zagrevanjem. Temperatura u proizvodnom prostoru biljke određuje intenzitet porasta, kvalitet plodova, vreme ubiranja, te su njeno određivanje i kontrola od izuzetnog značaja. U zavisnosti od tipa zaštićenog prostora, temperatura može značajno varirati u različitim delovima objekta. U radu je data analiza klimatskih uslova u objektima zaštićenog prostora i mogućnost njihovog praćenja i kontrole. Analiziran je raspored temperatura u objektima i to po dužini, širini i visini objekta. Temperature su praćene u objektu “tunel tipa” tokom proizvodnje paradajza. Utvrđene vrednosti, koje pokazuju određena variranja temperature, mogu poslužiti za kasnije projektovanje tehničkih sistema zagrevanja i njegovog postavljanja. U radu je prikazan i uticaj sastava i kvaliteta vazduha na vreme ubiranja i kvalitet plodova. Analizirani su i ostali mikroklimaski uslovi i njihov uticaj na rast i razviće biljaka

Energetski bilans proizvodnje rasada paradajza i krastavca u zaštićenom prostoru

Greenhouse production is most energy consuming branch in agriculture and in same time with lowest energy efficiency. Concerning the fact that energy input in greenhouse production has a highest share in product market price, more detailed energy analysis must be taken. In this paper energy analysis of tomato and cucumber seedlings production is given. Tomato and cucumber seedling were produced in double plastic covered tunnel. Energy consumption and energy productivity per seedling were calculated.Proizvodnja povrća u zaštićenom prostoru predstavlja granu poljoprivrede sa najvećom potrošnjom energije i niskom energetskom efikasnošću. Utrošena energija u proizvodnji povrća čini najveći deo u strukturi cene koštanja gotovog proizvoda. Otuda i potreba da se detaljnije ispitaju svi energetski inputi, kako bi se povećala energetska efikasnost proizvodnje i samim tim smanjila cena gotovog proizvoda. U ovom radu su definisani energetski inputi (direktni i indirektni) u proizvodnji rasada paradajza i krastavca i prikazana je potrošnja energije za datu biljnu proizvodnju

Tehnički sistemi transporta i skladištenja duvana

Main factors that determine tobacco productions are soil composition and soil preparation, quality seedling material, high level of mechanized processes, transportation, drying and storage. All these factors are interconnected and have very important role in production of high quality tobacco. In this paper analysis of tobacco production technology was show with special regard to transportation and storage systems. Field trials were carried out in 2005/06 in Indjija region. Special attention was given to transportation of fresh tobacco lives because they are very sensitive and must be stored to dryers as quick as possible.Osnovni faktori uspešnosti proizvodnje duvana su adekvatna priprema zemljišta, kvalitetan sadni materijal, visok stepen mehanizovanosti procesa, poštovanje agrotehničkih rokova, transport, sušenje i pravilno skladištenje. Svi ovi procesi su međusobno povezani i značajno utiču na kvalitet sušenog duvana. U radu je data analiza tehnološkog postupka transporta duvana i analiza skladištenja sušenog duvana na ekonomskom dvorištu. Ogledi su izvedeni 2005 i 2006 godine u ataru sela Maradik u opštini Inđija. Akcenat je stavljen na transport zelenog duvana u procesu berbe, jer je to period kada su ubrani listovi naročito osetljivi, pa je od velike važnosti da period od branja do smeštanja duvana u sušare bude što je moguće kraći