Effects of Two Energy Scales in Weakly Dimerized Antiferromagnetic Quantum Spin Chains

By means of thermal expansion and specific heat measurements on the high-pressure phase of (VO)$_2$P$_2$O$_7$, the effects of two energy scales of the weakly dimerized antiferromagnetic $S$ = 1/2 Heisenberg chain are explored. The low energy scale, given by the spin gap $\Delta$, is found to manifest itself in a pronounced thermal expansion anomaly. A quantitative analysis, employing T-DMRG calculations, shows that this feature originates from changes in the magnetic entropy with respect to $\Delta$, $\partial S^{m}/ \partial \Delta$. This term, inaccessible by specific heat, is visible only in the weak-dimerization limit where it reflects peculiarities of the excitation spectrum and its sensitivity to variations in $\Delta$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures now identical with finally published versio

Electronic interactions in fullerene spheres

The electron-phonon and Coulomb interactions inC$_{60}$, and larger fullerene spheres are analyzed. The coupling between electrons and intramolecular vibrations give corrections $\sim 1 - 10$ meV to the electronic energies for C$_{60}$, and scales as $R^{-4}$ in larger molecules. The energies associated with electrostatic interactions are of order $\sim 1 - 4$ eV, in C$_{60}$ and scale as $R^{-1}$. Charged fullerenes show enhanced electron-phonon coupling, $\sim 10$ meV, which scales as $R^{-2}$. Finally, it is argued that non only C$_{60}^{-}$, but also C$_{60}^{--}$ are highly polarizable molecules. The polarizabilities scale as $R^3$ and $R^4$, respectively. The role of this large polarizability in mediating intermolecular interactions is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages. No figure

A Model to Describe Transport Properties in Bi2Sr2(CazPr1−z)Cu2O8+yBi_2Sr_2(Ca_zPr_{1-z})Cu_2O_{8+y}

A pseudo-spin model is proposed, as a means to describe some transport properties (resistivity and Hall mobility) in $Bi_2Sr_2(Ca_zPr_{1-z})Cu_2O_{8+y}$. Our model is based in a double-well potential where tunneling in a given site and interaction between different lattice sites are allowed only through the excited states. Doping of the pure system by the addition of $Pr$ increases the ratio between the activation energy and the tunneling constant. The model Hamiltonian displays some features which are present in the hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics. Its dynamics is treated in the random phase approximation and the characteristic frequency (time) is used in a Drude formula in order to obtain some transport properties of the system, namely the electric resistivity and the Hall mobility. The quantities calculated in this work are compared with the experimental data of B. Beschoten, S. Sadewasser, G. G\"{u}ntherodt and C. Quitmann [Phys. Rev. Lett.77, 1837(1996)].Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

SUCROSE CONTENT AS INFLUENCED BY HOUR OF POLARIS APPLICATION ON FIELD-GROWN SUGARCANE

SUCROSE CONTENT AS INFLUENCED BY HOUR OF POLARIS APPLICATION ON FIELD-GROWN SUGARCAN

Effect of bone decalcification procedures on DNA in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization. EDTA is highly preferable to a routinely used acid decalcifier

Decalcification is routinely performed for histological studies of bone-containing tissue. Although DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have been successfully employed on archival material, little has been reported on the use of these techniques on archival decalcified bony material. In this study we compared the effects of two commonly used decalcifiers, i.e. , one proprietary, acid-based agent (RDO) and one chelating agent (EDTA), in relation to subsequent DNA ISH and CGH to bony tissues (two normal vertebrae, six prostate tumor bone metastases with one sample decalcified by both EDTA and RDO). We found that RDO-decalcified tissue was not suited for DNA ISH in tissue sections with centromere-specific probes, whereas we were able to adequately determine the chromosomal status of EDTA-decalcified material of both control and tumor material. Gel electrophoresis revealed that no DNA could be successfully retrieved from RDO-treated material. Moreover, in contrast to RDO-decalcified tumor material, we detected several chromosomal imbalances in the EDTA-decalcified tumor tissue by CGH analysis. Furthermore, it was possible to determine the DNA ploidy status of EDTA- but not of RDO-decalcified material by DNA flow cytometry. Decalcification of bony samples by EDTA is highly recommended for application in DNA ISH and CGH techniques

Genomic alterations in malignant transformation of Barrett's esophagus

The incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus has been increasing rapidly over the past decades. Neoplastic progression is characterized by three well-defined premalignant stages: metaplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia. A genome-wide overview, based on comparative genomic hybridization, was performed, evaluating 30 Barrett's adenocarcinomas and 25 adjacent precursors, i.e., 6 metaplasias, 9 low-grade dysplasias, and 10 high-grade dysplasias. The frequency of losses and gains significantly increased in the subsequent stages of malignant transformation. Losses of 5q21-q23, 9p21, 17p12-13.1, 18q21, and Y were revealed in low-grade dysplasias. This was followed by loss of 7q33-q35 and gains of 7p12-p15, 7q21-q22, and 17q21 in high-grade dysplasias along with high-level amplification (HLA) of 7q21 and 17q21. In the invasive cancers, additional losses of 3p14-p21, 4p, 4q, 8p21, 13q14-q31, 14q24.3-q31, 16q21-q22, and 22q as well as gains of 3q25-q27, 8q23-24.1, 12p11.2-12, 15q22-q24, and 20q11.2-q13.1 were distinguished along with HLAs of 8p12-p22 and 20q11.2-q13.1. Approximately one-third of the alterations in the dysplasias were also found in the adjacent adenocarcinomas, illustrating that multiple clonal lineages can be present in Barrett's esophagus. Novel findings include loss on 7q, gain on 12p, and the observation of several HLAs in high-grade dysplasias. Furthermore, loss of 7q33-q35 was found to represent a significant distinction between low-grade and high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.01), whereas loss of 16q21-q22 and gain of 20q11.2-q13.1 were disclosed to significantly discriminate between high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). This inventory of genetic aberrations increases our understanding of malignant transformation in Barrett's esophagus and might provide useful biomarkers for disease progression

LACK OF RESPONSE OF SWEET PEPPERS TOP LEVELS, P PLACEMENT, AND TIMING OF N APPLICATION IN SOUTHERN PUERTO RICO

LACK OF RESPONSE OF SWEET PEPPERS TOP LEVELS, P PLACEMENT, AND TIMING OF N APPLICATION IN SOUTHERN PUERTO RIC