Criterios radiográficos para la reducción rotatoria en fracturas diafisarias de húmero

Introducción: La fractura diafisaria de húmero es frecuente y, en la actualidad, se privilegia el tratamiento quirúrgico. La consolidación en mala rotación puede causar un deterioro de la función y artrosis a largo plazo. Con las técnicas mínimamente invasivas, es difícil manejar la rotación intraoperatoria al no tener una visión directa de la reducción fracturaria. Objetivo: Describir criterios radiográficos para la reducción rotatoria en las fracturas diafisarias de húmero. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de radiografías de húmero comparando criterios radiográficos del húmero distal entre radiografías con rotación interna (sin retroversión proximal) y rotación externa (con retroversión fisiológica). Criterios estudiados: sobreproyección del epicóndilo lateral por sobre el capitellum >50%, esclerosis del borde inferior de la fosa olecraneana, esclerosis del borde lateral de la fosa olecraneana y asimetría de la fosa olecraneana. Resultados: El 97% de las 200 radiografías estudiadas cumplió con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Sobreproyección del epicóndilo por sobre el capitellum: 83,3% de los casos; esclerosis del borde inferior de la fosa olecraneana: 30%, esclerosis del borde lateral de la fosa olecraneana: 86,6% y asimetría: 80% de ellas. Todos los criterios con significancia estadística (p <0,001). Al analizar los tres signos positivos en conjunto, la sensibilidad fue del 70% y la especificidad, del 98%; valor predictivo positivo 95,5% y valor predictivo negativo 84,5%. Conclusiones: La rotación humeral correcta es difícil de reproducir en las cirugías mínimamente invasivas, en pacientes con una fractura diafisaria. Describimos cuatro criterios radiográficos que permiten inferir una correcta rotación humeral

Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)(1). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed(2-6). Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions(7), is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions(8,9), but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results(10,11), indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.Peer reviewe

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV was studied for 2 <p(T) <16 GeV/c with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed at forward (p-going direction) and backward (Pb-going direction) rapidity, in the ranges of rapidity in the centre-of-mass system (cms) 2.03 <y(cms) <3.53 and -4.46 <y(cms) <-2.96, respectively. The production cross sections and nuclear modification factors are presented as a function of transverse momentum (P-T). At forward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity while at backward rapidity, in the interval 2.5 <p(T) <3.5 GeV/c, it is above unity by more than 2 sigma. The ratio of the forward -to -backward production cross sections is also measured in the overlapping interval 2.96 <|y(cms)| <3.53 and is smaller than unity by 3.7 sigma in 2.5 <p(T) <3.5 GeV/c. The data are described by model calculations including cold nuclear matter effects. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=5.02 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at. root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

The production of beauty hadrons was measured via semi-leptonic decays at mid-rapidity with the ALICE detector at the LHC in the transverse momentum interval 1<pT< 8 GeV/c in minimum-bias p-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV and in 1.3 < pT< 8 GeV/c in the 20% most central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The pp reference spectra at sNN=5.02 TeV and s=2.76 TeV, needed for the calculation of the nuclear modification factors RpPb and RPbPb, were obtained by a pQCD-driven scaling of the cross section of electrons from beauty-hadron decays measured at s=7 TeV. In the pT interval 3 < pT< 8 GeV/c, a suppression of the yield of electrons from beauty-hadron decays is observed in Pb-Pb compared to pp collisions. Towards lower pT, the RPbPb values increase with large systematic uncertainties. The RpPb is consistent with unity within systematic uncertainties and is well described by theoretical calculations that include cold nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions. The measured RpPb and these calculations indicate that cold nuclear matter effects are small at high transverse momentum also in Pb-Pb collisions. Therefore., the observed reduction of RPbPb below unity at high pT may be ascribed to an effect of the hot and dense medium formed in Pb-Pb collisions.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of the production of high-p(T) electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

Electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays (charm and beauty) were measured with the ALICE detector in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass of energy sNN=2.76 TeV. The transverse momentum (pT) differential production yields at mid-rapidity were used to calculate the nuclear modification factor RAA in the interval 3<pT<18 GeV/c. The RAA shows a strong suppression compared to binary scaling of pp collisions at the same energy (up to a factor of 4) in the 10% most central Pb–Pb collisions. There is a centrality trend of suppression, and a weaker suppression (down to a factor of 2) in semi-peripheral (50–80%) collisions is observed. The suppression of electrons in this broad pT interval indicates that both charm and beauty quarks lose energy when they traverse the hot medium formed in Pb–Pb collisions at LHC

Measurement of the production of high-p(T) electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

Electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays (charm and beauty) were measured with the ALICE detector in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass of energy sNN=2.76 TeV. The transverse momentum (pT) differential production yields at mid-rapidity were used to calculate the nuclear modification factor RAA in the interval 3<pT<18 GeV/c. The RAA shows a strong suppression compared to binary scaling of pp collisions at the same energy (up to a factor of 4) in the 10% most central Pb–Pb collisions. There is a centrality trend of suppression, and a weaker suppression (down to a factor of 2) in semi-peripheral (50–80%) collisions is observed. The suppression of electrons in this broad pT interval indicates that both charm and beauty quarks lose energy when they traverse the hot medium formed in Pb–Pb collisions at LHC

Measurement of the production of high-p(T) electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

Electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays (charm and beauty) were measured with the ALICE detector in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass of energy sNN=2.76 TeV. The transverse momentum (pT) differential production yields at mid-rapidity were used to calculate the nuclear modification factor RAA in the interval 3&lt;pT&lt;18 GeV/c. The RAA shows a strong suppression compared to binary scaling of pp collisions at the same energy (up to a factor of 4) in the 10% most central Pb–Pb collisions. There is a centrality trend of suppression, and a weaker suppression (down to a factor of 2) in semi-peripheral (50–80%) collisions is observed. The suppression of electrons in this broad pT interval indicates that both charm and beauty quarks lose energy when they traverse the hot medium formed in Pb–Pb collisions at LHC

Centrality dependence of high-p(T) D-meson suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.7 6 TeV (vol 2015, 2015)

This is an addendum to the article JHEP 11 (2015) 205 [1]. The figures 3 (right), 4 (right) and 5 are updated with published results on non-prompt J/psi-meson production from the CMS collaboration [2]