Is It Possible to Reverse the Storage-Induced Lesion of Red Blood Cells?

Cold-storage of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the blood bank is reportedly associated with alteration in a wide range of RBC features, which change cell storage each on its own timescale. Thus, some of the changes take place at an early stage of storage (during the first 7 days), while others occur later. We still do not have a clear understanding what happens to the damaged PRBC following their transfusion. We know that some portion (from a few to 10%) of transfused cells with a high degree of damage are removed from the bloodstream immediately or in the first hour(s) after the transfusion. The remaining cells partially restore their functionality and remain in the recipient’s blood for a longer time. Thus, the ability of transfused cells to recover is a significant factor in PRBC transfusion effectiveness. In the present review, we discuss publications that examined RBC lesions induced by the cold storage, aiming to offer a better understanding of the time frame in which these lesions occur, with particular emphasis on the question of their reversibility. We argue that transfused RBCs are capable (in a matter of a few hours) of restoring their pre-storage levels of ATP and 2,3-DPG, with subsequent restoration of cell functionality, especially of those properties having a more pronounced ATP-dependence. The extent of reversal is inversely proportional to the extent of damage, and some of the changes cannot be reversed

Hemolytic Activity of Nanoparticles as a Marker of Their Hemocompatibility

The potential use of nanomaterials in medicine offers opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to treating complex disorders. For that reason, a new branch of science, named nanotoxicology, which aims to study the dangerous effects of nanomaterials on human health and on the environment, has recently emerged. However, the toxicity and risk associated with nanomaterials are unclear or not completely understood. The development of an adequate experimental strategy for assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials may include a rapid/express method that will reliably, quickly, and cheaply make an initial assessment. One possibility is the characterization of the hemocompatibility of nanomaterials, which includes their hemolytic activity as a marker. In this review, we consider various factors affecting the hemolytic activity of nanomaterials and draw the reader’s attention to the fact that the formation of a protein corona around a nanoparticle can significantly change its interaction with the red cell. This leads us to suggest that the nanomaterial hemolytic activity in the buffer does not reflect the situation in the blood plasma. As a recommendation, we propose studying the hemocompatibility of nanomaterials under more physiologically relevant conditions, in the presence of plasma proteins in the medium and under mechanical stress

Mechanical Stimulation of Red Blood Cells Aging: Focusing on the Microfluidics Application

Human red blood cells (RBCs) are highly differentiated cells, essential in almost all physiological processes. During their circulation in the bloodstream, RBCs are exposed to varying levels of shear stress ranging from 0.1–10 Pa under physiological conditions to 50 Pa in arterial stenotic lesions. Moreover, the flow of blood through splenic red pulp and through artificial organs is associated with brief exposure to even higher levels of shear stress, reaching up to hundreds of Pa. As a result of this exposure, some properties of the cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and the cell membrane may be significantly affected. In this review, we aim to systematize the available information on RBC response to shear stress by focusing on reported changes in various red cell properties. We pay special attention to the results obtained using microfluidics, since these devices allow the researcher to accurately simulate blood flow conditions in the capillaries and spleen

Diagnostic and Management Difficulty of Bleeding Aorto-Duodenal Fistula Associated with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Primary aorto-enteric fistula (AEF) resulting from abdominal malignancy is a rare and often fatal complication. The few reports to date are mostly secondary to solid tumors. We present a case of a patient with refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma who developed life-threatening AEF. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, requiring a multi-disciplinary team of interventional radiology, gastroenterology, and transfusion medicine, resulting in a favorable outcome. Importantly, we offer several insights regarding the identification and management of high-risk patients, with an emphasis on pre-treatment considerations and urgent diagnosis and intervention

Deformability of Stored Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells (RBCs) deformability refers to the cells’ ability to adapt their shape to the dynamically changing flow conditions so as to minimize their resistance to flow. The high red cell deformability enables it to pass through small blood vessels and significantly determines erythrocyte survival. Under normal physiological states, the RBCs are attuned to allow for adequate blood flow. However, rigid erythrocytes can disrupt the perfusion of peripheral tissues and directly block microvessels. Therefore, RBC deformability has been recognized as a sensitive indicator of RBC functionality. The loss of deformability, which a change in the cell shape can cause, modification of cell membrane or a shift in cytosol composition, can occur due to various pathological conditions or as a part of normal RBC aging (in vitro or in vivo). However, despite extensive research, we still do not fully understand the processes leading to increased cell rigidity under cold storage conditions in a blood bank (in vitro aging), In the present review, we discuss publications that examined the effect of RBCs’ cold storage on their deformability and the biological mechanisms governing this change. We first discuss the change in the deformability of cells during their cold storage. After that, we consider storage-related alterations in RBCs features, which can lead to impaired cell deformation. Finally, we attempt to trace a causal relationship between the observed phenomena and offer recommendations for improving the functionality of stored cells.</jats:p

System-Forming Dominant of Professional Qualities Formation of a Teacher on the Basis of Contextual-Network Technology

Due to the rapid globalization of the modern educational space, pedagogical education in Russia characterized by the process of large-scale modernization, which has led to growing problem of educator training as a multicultural personality capable of network collaboration with educators of both domestic and foreign countries. Orientation on the educator training capable of expressing responsibility and self-independence in the decision making, creativity and initiative is becoming the primary trend in the State policy in the context of educational sphere, that is viewed as the factor of development not only of the personality of a student, but also of an educator. The goal of the paper is to argue a theoretical foundation of the professional qualities of an educator in the context of contextual-network technology, the basis of which are the ideas of contextual education, androgogy, ideas of network learning. These trends are more focused on the problems of the professional qualities formation of an educator in the context of a health-saving educational environment in which the personalities of education interact to obtain a holistic picture of the world. However, the practical experience of professional qualities formation showed insufficient development of this problem in accordance with the requirements of the FSES HE and the introduction of digital technologies in the learning process, which is confirmed by regulatory documents, in particular the Russian Government's Resolution on the Approval of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Education Development (from 26.2017 No.1642)."All abovementioned trends have updated the need to develop the problem of professional qualities formation of an educator.Research methods of research are: theoretical (analysis of philosophical, psychological and educational literature, theoretical modeling of structural and meaningful basis of the study process; empirical (questionnaire, business games, projects); diagnostic (analysis of activity products, summative phase, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics).The concept of "professional qualities of an educator is revealed" and the system of professional qualities of an educator is argued, and its effectiveness is proved.Contextual and network technology is developed and the author’s program «Professional Qualities Formation of an Educator in the Context of Health-Saving Educational Environment" contributed to the health saving and the natural potential of an educator and motivated an educator to achieve the results and pedagogical comfort

Diagnostic and Management Difficulty of Bleeding Aorto-Duodenal Fistula Associated with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Primary aorto-enteric fistula (AEF) resulting from abdominal malignancy is a rare and often fatal complication. The few reports to date are mostly secondary to solid tumors. We present a case of a patient with refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma who developed life-threatening AEF. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, requiring a multi-disciplinary team of interventional radiology, gastroenterology, and transfusion medicine, resulting in a favorable outcome. Importantly, we offer several insights regarding the identification and management of high-risk patients, with an emphasis on pre-treatment considerations and urgent diagnosis and intervention.</jats:p

System-Forming Dominant of Professional Qualities Formation of a Teacher on the Basis of Contextual-Network Technology

Due to the rapid globalization of the modern educational space, pedagogical education in Russia characterized by the process of large-scale modernization, which has led to growing problem of educator training as a multicultural personality capable of network collaboration with educators of both domestic and foreign countries. Orientation on the educator training capable of expressing responsibility and self-independence in the decision making, creativity and initiative is becoming the primary trend in the State policy in the context of educational sphere, that is viewed as the factor of development not only of the personality of a student, but also of an educator. The goal of the paper is to argue a theoretical foundation of the professional qualities of an educator in the context of contextual-network technology, the basis of which are the ideas of contextual education, androgogy, ideas of network learning. These trends are more focused on the problems of the professional qualities formation of an educator in the context of a health-saving educational environment in which the personalities of education interact to obtain a holistic picture of the world. However, the practical experience of professional qualities formation showed insufficient development of this problem in accordance with the requirements of the FSES HE and the introduction of digital technologies in the learning process, which is confirmed by regulatory documents, in particular the Russian Government's Resolution on the Approval of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Education Development (from 26.2017 No.1642)."All abovementioned trends have updated the need to develop the problem of professional qualities formation of an educator.Research methods of research are: theoretical (analysis of philosophical, psychological and educational literature, theoretical modeling of structural and meaningful basis of the study process; empirical (questionnaire, business games, projects); diagnostic (analysis of activity products, summative phase, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics).The concept of "professional qualities of an educator is revealed" and the system of professional qualities of an educator is argued, and its effectiveness is proved.Contextual and network technology is developed and the author’s program «Professional Qualities Formation of an Educator in the Context of Health-Saving Educational Environment" contributed to the health saving and the natural potential of an educator and motivated an educator to achieve the results and pedagogical comfort

System-Forming Dominant of Professional Qualities Formation of a Teacher on the Basis of Contextual-Network Technology

Due to the rapid globalization of the modern educational space, pedagogical education in Russia characterized by the process of large-scale modernization, which has led to growing problem of educator training as a multicultural personality capable of network collaboration with educators of both domestic and foreign countries. Orientation on the educator training capable of expressing responsibility and self-independence in the decision making, creativity and initiative is becoming the primary trend in the State policy in the context of educational sphere, that is viewed as the factor of development not only of the personality of a student, but also of an educator. The goal of the paper is to argue a theoretical foundation of the professional qualities of an educator in the context of contextual-network technology, the basis of which are the ideas of contextual education, androgogy, ideas of network learning. These trends are more focused on the problems of the professional qualities formation of an educator in the context of a health-saving educational environment in which the personalities of education interact to obtain a holistic picture of the world. However, the practical experience of professional qualities formation showed insufficient development of this problem in accordance with the requirements of the FSES HE and the introduction of digital technologies in the learning process, which is confirmed by regulatory documents, in particular the Russian Government's Resolution on the Approval of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Education Development (from 26.2017 No.1642)."All abovementioned trends have updated the need to develop the problem of professional qualities formation of an educator.Research methods of research are: theoretical (analysis of philosophical, psychological and educational literature, theoretical modeling of structural and meaningful basis of the study process; empirical (questionnaire, business games, projects); diagnostic (analysis of activity products, summative phase, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics).The concept of "professional qualities of an educator is revealed" and the system of professional qualities of an educator is argued, and its effectiveness is proved.Contextual and network technology is developed and the author’s program «Professional Qualities Formation of an Educator in the Context of Health-Saving Educational Environment" contributed to the health saving and the natural potential of an educator and motivated an educator to achieve the results and pedagogical comfort