The relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performance

A number of studies, particularly in developed countries, had been carried out to explore the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Since, the value creation of corporate governance can be measured through the firm performance, corporate governance act as a mechanism to align management's goals with the stakeholders especially to increase firm performance. Despite extensive study of corporate governance there are still inconsistencies in the link between corporate governance and firm performance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performance in Malaysia Public Listed Companies. To do so five corporate governance components was used as independent variables include: Independent director, board size, audit committee, leadership structure and board meeting. While the dependent variables are two firm performance measurements; return on equity (ROE) and earning per share (EPS). Based on a random stratified sampling eight hundred thirty one (831) listed companies from main board of Bursa Malaysia for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011 were selected as samples of the study. The data gathered from Annual Reports of the companies have been entered into Excel Spread Sheet, then were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Three types of data analyses have been performed; descriptive, T-test and Spearman correlation. The study discovered that, independent non-executive directors has an influence on earnings per share, board size has an influence on return on equity and earnings per share and also audit committee has an influence on earnings per share, leadership structure has an influence on return on equity and board meeting also has an influence on earnings per share. The results on the relationship between the firm performance and corporate governance mechanism suggest a positive relationship between return on equity and earnings per share as per the hypothesis testing. Therefore, the results also show that good corporate governance enforcement influence firm performance. Finally, no single theory offers a complete explanation of board characteristics-firm performance relationship, but rather rudiments of each theory can be seen to apply in different situations

Affordability In Amortisation Of Public Urban Workforce Home Ownership In Sokoto, Nigeria

This research study is based purely on the home ownership of public urban workforce housing in Nigeria, with particular focus on affordability in amortisation. Kajian penyelidikan ialah rnengenai kajian tahap kernarnpuan pernilikan rurnah oleh tenaga kerja dalarn sektor awarn di bandar di Nigeria, dengan fokus utarna rnengena1 tahap kernampuan mereka dalarn rnelunaskan bayaran pinjarnan

Life Table, Dessication Tolerance, Breeding Habitats And Midgut Lactobacillus Identification In Dengue Vectors In Penang Island, Malaysia

Virus denggi menjangkiti lebih 100 juta orang setiap tahun dan kemungkinan untuk mengurangkan insiden denggi dikaji di seluruh dunia. Kawalan vektor adalah salah satu pilihan, kerana gangguan penyebaran parasit denggi adala strategi kawalan penyakit yang paling berkesan Dengue viruses infect over 100 million people every year and possibilities to reduce dengue incidence are studied world-wide. Vector control is one of the options, as interruption of transmission of dengue parasites is clearly the most effective disease control strateg

Factors influencing fertilizer demand in developing countries: evidence from Malawi

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine some factors that influence the intensity of fertilizer use in Malawi. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses Engle-Granger, Engle-Yoo three steps and autoregressive distributed lags (ARDLs) approaches to examine the long-run and the short-run dynamics among the variables using annual data from 1961 to 2006. Findings: The econometric results indicate that all the variables exert significance influence on the quantity of fertilizer demanded excluding population growth, while the results of the short-run model indicate that the responsiveness of fertilizer demand to all the variables is significant. Research limitations/implications: Although, this study has provided some helpful results in understanding the major factors responsible for low fertilizer consumption in the study but some time series data on important factors are lacking. Originality/value: The work is different from already existing literature in Malawi. The authors included subsidy and real gross domestic product to account for the effect of macroeconomic shocks and policies, which has not been accounted for by other related empirical studies. Moreover, this study used ARDLs techniques that can overcome the problem of insufficiently long time series data which is a significant contribution to the existing literature

Does motivational factor influence organizational commitment and effectiveness? A review of literature

To survive into this Century, Leaders of organizations must offer a greater sense of meaning and purpose for their employees. In today’s highly competitive environment, this paper will help managements to get the best from their employees and will increase more commitment effectiveness and can also reflect their inner values and provide opportunities for development. Empower the employees to bring about a transformational change in their personal and professional lives in the organization. It will enable the Leaders to become Masters of Change and be active role models in organizations. Generally, this would create a competitive advantage for the organization by having a competent workforce and sound workplace. The methodology adopted was the review of literature based on past researches, on the motivational factors, organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. This study is expected to help organizations and also academics towards having an insight on how to successfully run a business in an organization whether public or private. It’s now known as proven by research that motivated employees are satisfied and will increase their inputs to the highest level, and they will also contribute to the overall success of the organization.Motivation; Organizational commitment; Organizational culture; Organizational effectiveness.

The effects of air pollution on human mortality: does gender difference matter in African countries?

The relationship between environmental factors and human health has long been a concern among academic researchers. We use two indicators of environmental pollution, namely particulate matter (PM10) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to examine the effects of poor air quality on human mortality. This study explores an issue that has largely been ignored, particularly in the African literature, where the effect of air pollution on human mortality could be influenced by gender specification. We analyse a panel data from 35 African countries and our result suggests that the elevated levels of PM10 and CO2 have a significant effect on the increasing mortality rates in infants, under-five children and adults. Although the effect of poor air quality on adults is found to differ between genders, such difference is not statistically significant. We conclude that the air pollution effects, on average, are similar between genders in the African countries

Threshold cointegration and interest rate pass - through during the pre - and post - banking consolidation in Nigeria: are there asymmetries?

This paper empirically examines the interest rate pass-through in Nigeria using the cointegration and threshold adjustment suggested by Enders and Siklos. The focus is on the pass-through of the central bank policy rates to the commercial banks' lending rates during the pre- and post-bank consolidation in the country. The estimated results indicate that, changes in the policy rate are transmitted completely to loans rate in the long run during the pre-cosolidation but incomplete during the post-consolidation period. The results also show evidence for asymmetric momentum threshold autoregression models during the both the pre-and post-consolidation periods. However, while the estimated nonlinear error correction models exhibit downward rigidity in lending rates during the pre-consolidation, a contrary finding was obtained during the post-consolidation period, which indicates upward rigidity of loans rates. Finally, the study discusses the potential implication of these findings on the banking sector and offers direction for future policy

Food imports and exchange rate: the application of dynamic cointegration framework

This paper studies how exchange rate policy influences households’ consumption styles represented by food imports. We provide an empirical analysis based on the Malaysian annual data from 1980-2012. An autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was utilized in interpreting long-run elasticities of food import demand as a cointegrating relation, and short-run dynamics was interpreted using ECM based on cointegrating regression of the ARDL technique. The robustness of ARDL results are verified using Dynamic OLS (DOLS) estimation technique. Our results, while providing evidence that food import demand in the country is fairly inelastic to both income growth and relative prices of food imports, also raise some important policy issues, particularly on the competitiveness of the country’s agricultural and food exports

Thalassorama: Economic Viability of Small-scale Marine Capture Fisheries in the Bonny Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Small-scale, costs, earnings, returns, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Production Economics, Public Economics, Q,