Prospective Applications of Artificial Intelligence In Fetal Medicine: A Scoping Review of Recent Updates

Elhadi Miskeen,1 Jaber Alfaifi,2 Dalal Mohammed Alhuian,3 Mushabab Alghamdi,4 Muffarah Hamid Alharthi,5 Nourah Abdullah Alshahrani,3 Ghala Alosaimi,6 Raydaa Abdullah Alshomrani,3 Abdullah Mohammed Hajlaa,3 Nadir Mohammed Khair,7 Abdullah Mohammed Almuawi,3 Khalifa Haytham Al-Jaber,8 Fath Elrahman Elrasheed,9 Kamal Elhassan,5 Mohammed Abbas10 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Child Health, College of Medicine University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 3Medical Student, College of Medicine University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 6Medical student, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Child Health, Mother and Children Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 8Medical student, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland; 9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Arab Gulf University, Al Manama, BahrainCorrespondence: Elhadi Miskeen, Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P. O. Box 731, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: With the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI), significant advancements have occurred in the field of fetal medicine, holding the potential to transform prenatal care and diagnostics, promising to revolutionize prenatal care and diagnostics. This scoping review aims to explore the recent updates in the prospective application of AI in fetal medicine, evaluating its current uses, potential benefits, and limitations.Methods: Compiling literature concerning the utilization of AI in fetal medicine does not appear to modify the subject or provide an exhaustive exploration of electronic databases. Relevant studies, reviews, and articles published in recent years were incorporated to ensure up-to-date data. The selected works were analyzed for common themes, AI methodologies applied, and the scope of AI’s integration into fetal medicine practice.Results: The review identified several key areas where AI applications are making strides in fetal medicine, including prenatal screening, diagnosis of congenital anomalies, and predicting pregnancy complications. AI-driven algorithms have been developed to analyze complex fetal ultrasound data, enhancing image quality and interpretative accuracy. The integration of AI in fetal monitoring has also been explored, with systems designed to identify patterns indicative of fetal distress. Despite these advancements, challenges related to the ethical use of AI, data privacy, and the need for extensive validation of AI tools in diverse populations were noted.Conclusion: The potential benefits of AI in fetal medicine are immense, offering a brighter future for our field. AI equips us with tools for enhanced diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostic capabilities, promising to revolutionize the way we approach prenatal care and diagnostics. This optimistic outlook underscores the need for further research and interdisciplinary partnerships to fully leverage AI’s potential in driving forward the practice of fetal medicine.Keywords: artificial intelligence, fetal medicine, prenatal care, machine learning, fetal monitoring, Bisha, Saudi Arabi

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Factors Affecting the Psychological Well-Being of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Crisis

Muffarah H Alharthi,1 Abdulaziz T Alshomrani,2 Khalid Bazaid,3 Hany MA Sonpol,4 Ibrahim AE Ibrahim,5 Ayman M Alashkar4 1Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 4Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ayman M Alashkar, Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, 9054 King Saud Road, Airport District, Bisha, 67614, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 502341013, Email [email protected]: Health care workers (HCWs) are a group that especially suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to facing the stress of dealing with patients and social isolation, they had to worry about being infected themselves and transmitting the infection to their families. This study evaluated the fear, anxiety, and depression experienced by HCWs during the COVID-19 crisis.Subjects and Methods: The sample size was 541 HCWs. Data collection was done using an online validated questionnaire through Google Docs, sent to HCWs by email and WhatsApp groups. We assessed depression and anxiety with the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), while evaluating fear with the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S).Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the perception of fear between married and unmarried people, and between those with colleagues who had died from COVID-19 infection and those without. There was a significant relation between HCWs’ anxiety and a history of death from COVID-19 infection, either of friends or of close relatives. The prevalence of depression was 18.48% in the tested sample of HCWs. Participants who had close relatives or friends infected with COVID-19 showed a significantly higher degree of depression. The age group < 30 and those working 20 to 30 hours weekly showed higher degrees of anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Sociodemographic variables such as age, marital status, and working area had a significant impact on the mental and psychological health of HCWs during the COVID-19 crisis. HCWs who lost patients due to COVID-19 had a significantly higher prevalence of fear, depression, and anxiety.Keywords: anxiety, COVID-19, depression, fear, health care worker

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024. Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015. Since its conception, MIBiG has been regularly updated to expand data coverage and remain up to date with innovations in natural product research. Here, we describe MIBiG version 4.0, an extensive update to the data repository and the underlying data standard. In a massive community annotation effort, 267 contributors performed 8304 edits, creating 557 new entries and modifying 590 existing entries, resulting in a new total of 3059 curated entries in MIBiG. Particular attention was paid to ensuring high data quality, with automated data validation using a newly developed custom submission portal prototype, paired with a novel peer-reviewing model. MIBiG 4.0 also takes steps towards a rolling release model and a broader involvement of the scientific community. MIBiG 4.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/

Publisher Correction:Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

In the published version of this paper, the name of author Emanuele Di Angelantonio was misspelled. This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity (vol 50, pg 26, 2017)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity (vol 50, pg 26, 2018)

A.P.R. was supported by R01DK089256. A.W.H. is supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (APP1103329). A.K.M. received funding from NIH/NIDDK K01DK107836. A.T.H. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator (WT098395) and an NIH Research Senior Investigator. A.P.M. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science (WT098017). A.R.W. is supported by the European Research Council (SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC). A.U.J. is supported by the American Heart Association (13POST16500011) and the NIH (R01DK089256, R01DK101855, K99HL130580). B.K. and E.K.S. were supported by the Doris Duke Medical Foundation, the NIH (R01DK106621), the University of Michigan Internal Medicine Department, Division of Gastroenterology, the University of Michigan Biological Sciences Scholars Program and the Central Society for Clinical Research. C.J.W. is supported by the NIH (HL094535, HL109946). D.J.L. is supported by R01HG008983 and R21DA040177. D.R.W. is supported by the Danish Diabetes Academy, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. V. Salomaa has been supported by the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. F.W.A. is supported by Dekker scholarship–Junior Staff Member 2014T001 Netherlands Heart Foundation and the UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. F.D. is supported by the UK MRC (MC_UU_12013/1-9). G.C.-P. received scholarship support from the University of Queensland and QIMR Berghofer. G.L. is funded by the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation and the Canada Research Chair program. H.Y. and T.M.F. are supported by the European Research Council (323195; SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC). I.M.H. is supported by BMBF (01ER1206) and BMBF (01ER1507m), the NIH and the Max Planck Society. J. Haessler was supported by NHLBI R21HL121422. J.N.H. is supported by NIH R01DK075787. K.E.N. was supported by the NIH (R01DK089256, R01HD057194, U01HG007416, R01DK101855) and the American Heart Association (13GRNT16490017). M.A.R. is supported by the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Award, Clarendon Scholarship. M.I.M. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator (WT098381) and an NIH Research Senior Investigator. M.D. is supported by the NCI (R25CA94880, P30CA008748). P.R.N. is supported by the European Research Council (AdG; 293574), the Research Council of Norway, the University of Bergen, the KG Jebsen Foundation and the Helse Vest, Norwegian Diabetes Association. P.T.E. is supported by the NIH (1R01HL092577, R01HL128914, K24HL105780), by an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association (13EIA14220013) and by the Foundation Leducq (14CVD01). P.L.A. was supported by NHLBI R21HL121422 and R01DK089256. P.L.H. is supported by the NIH (NS33335, HL57818). R.S.F. is supported by the NIH (T32GM096911). R.J.F.L. is supported by the NIH (R01DK110113, U01HG007417, R01DK101855, R01DK107786). S.A.L. is supported by the NIH (K23HL114724) and a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award. T.D.S. holds an ERC Advanced Principal Investigator award. T.A.M. is supported by an NHMRC Fellowship (APP1042255). T.H.P. received Lundbeck Foundation and Benzon Foundation support. V.T. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Z.K. is supported by the Leenaards Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A-143914) and SystemsX.ch (51RTP0_151019). Part of this work was conducted using the UK Biobank resource (project numbers 1251 and 9072)

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care